Browse Articles

Neuroimaging subtypes of adolescent sleep insufficiency stratify natural short sleepers from comorbidity or environment driven insufficiency

Built-in tandem catalysis in hierarchical pores for efficient vinyl chloride production

Recurrent and novel evolutionary pathways drive in vitro HIV-1 lenacapavir resistance with diverse phenotypic consequences

Dynamic bond-driven encapsulation of enzymes in metal–organic frameworks beyond pore size constraints

High-efficiency electrochemical air capture enabled by thiadiazole redox carrier with tunable gas-selective channels

Balancing land use for conservation, agriculture, and renewable energy

Abstract Growing demand for food coupled with climate commitments to reduce emissions will result in more land development for agriculture and renewable energy. Simultaneously, conserving land for biodiversity and nature’s contributions to people (NCP) is imperative for achieving international climate, sustainable development, and biodiversity goals. Meeting these interconnected objectives requires efficient land allocation across sectors. Here, we present a flexible, multiple-objective framework for strategically allocating land to mitigate threats to biodiversity and NCP under climate change while supporting development. Application of this framework at a global scale through country-level targets shows that if future development is planned without consideration of nature, demands for land could impact nearly 1 million km 2 of high-priority conservation areas. Multi-sector planning can mitigate potential conflict, reducing carbon loss and species exposure. Our findings underscore the need to conserve critical areas for nature, reduce land demand for food and energy, and intentionally coordinate land use across sectors.

Cyclophilin A stabilizes the capsid protein p72 to facilitate African swine fever virus replication

Reaction-induced modification of Co nanoclusters driven by Co-Mn interfacial sites to control selectivity in CO2 hydrogenation

Radiolabeling of oligopeptides by selective hydrogen isotope exchange with deuterium and tritium in aqueous buffers

Accelerated discovery of highly active enzyme nanohybrids with parallelized Bayesian optimization in hybrid space

Abstract Artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly advanced protein engineering, enabling rapid enzyme evolution for diverse applications. However, the fragile nature of biomacromolecules requires enzyme immobilization to preserve catalytic activity under harsh industrial conditions, which often restricts substrate diffusion and reduces enzymatic activity. This challenge demands extensive trial-and-error experiments to optimize immobilized carriers with high activity for different enzymes. Here we show a machine-learning-guided workflow along with an algorithm named parallelized hybrid-space Bayesian optimization (PHBO) to accelerate the discovery of nanocarriers for specific enzymes and reactions. Leveraging prior knowledge, machine learning and iterative feedback, within limited number of experiments, this workflow explores the reaction space of over 10 7 experiments and achieves activity recovery of 100%, 90%, and 79% for glucose oxidase, catalase, and Candida Antarctica lipase B, respectively. These results demonstrate that data-efficient optimization can substantially accelerate the discovery of enzyme nanohybrids with high catalytic activity across diverse enzymatic systems.

Diel and eddy driven changes in microbial gene expression and biogeochemistry in the oceanic chlorophyll maximum

Abstract Oceanic microorganisms can rapidly respond to environmental variability. Determining how physical and biological processes control microbial distributions, abundances, and metabolic dynamics is challenging. Here, we used autonomous underwater vehicles capable of Lagrangian feature tracking and in situ sampling, in combination with ship-based measurements, to examine diel to weekly scale changes in microbial transcription and biogeochemistry in the deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) of a mesoscale cyclonic eddy. Nearly 20% of total transcript expression showed diel periodicity, highlighting the importance of the diurnal cycle on phytoplankton metabolism in the dim waters of the DCM. Eddy-induced isopycnal uplift increased nutrient concentrations and caused upward displacement of the DCM, driving increased picoeukaryotic cell abundances and transcriptional activity of nitrate-incorporating photoautotrophs. As the eddy weakened, the DCM deepened and transcriptional activity shifted towards chemolithoautotrophic ammonia-oxidizing archaea. The temporal dynamics observed demonstrate how plankton communities rapidly respond to both diel variation and stochastic mesoscale disturbances.

A scalable and quantum-accurate foundation model for biomolecular force fields via linearly tensorized quadrangle attention

Discovery of van Hove singularities: electronic fingerprints of 3Q magnetic order in a van der Waals quantum magnet

Abstract Magnetically intercalated transition metal dichalcogenides are emerging as a rich platform for exploring exotic quantum states in van der Waals magnets. Among them, Co x TaS 2 has attracted intense interest following the recent discovery of a distinctive 3 Q magnetic ground state and a pronounced topological Hall effect below a critical doping of x  ≈ 1/3, both intimately tied to cobalt concentration. To date, direct signatures of this enigmatic 3 Q magnetic order in the electronic structure remain elusive. Here we report a comprehensive doping dependent angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy study that unveils these long-sought fingerprints. Our data reveal an unexpected inverse-Mexican-hat dispersion along the K-M- $${\mathrm{K}}^{\prime}$$ K ′ direction, accompanied by two van Hove singularities. These features are consistent with theoretical predictions for a 3 Q magnetic order near three-quarters band filling on a cobalt triangular lattice. These results provide evidence of 3 Q magnetic order in the electronic structure, establishing TMD van der Waals magnets as tunable materials to explore the interplay between magnetism and topology.

Accurate atomic resolution XFEL structures of a metalloenzyme reveal key insights into its catalytic mechanism*

Abstract Metalloproteins represent a major fraction of the protein kingdom and often exploit the redox chemistry of transition metals to drive key biological events involving proton and electron transfer. Copper is one of the most widely used transition metals whose redox properties are utilised in both electron transfer and catalysis of chemical substrates. Copper nitrite reductases (CuNiRs) utilise two types of copper centres and have become a model system for studying complex biological events that underpin the reaction mechanisms of redox enzymes, including proton-coupled electron transfer and substrate gating. We utilised the higher X-ray energy (13 keV) available at the SACLA X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) and SHELXL refinement to obtain accurate atomic resolution structures of CuNiRs at ~1 Å from three organisms – in the oxidised (low and high pH), reduced and substrate-bound states. A consistent picture now emerges with the observation of a pentacoordinated oxidised catalytic type-2 Cu (T2Cu 2+ ) centre in all cases. A tetracoordinated reduced T2Cu + site with a single solvent ligand has also been captured, giving structural support to the random-sequential scheme with ordered pathway being dominant.

Preventing subsoil enhanced nitrification to safeguard agroecosystem sustainability

Oligomeric-solvent engineering of hierarchical hydrogen-bonding networks for multifunctional glass interlayers

Abstract The properties of polymer gels are governed not only by the crosslinked network but also by the solvent. Conventional small-molecule solvents impose trade-offs among environmental adaptability, cost, and biocompatibility. Here, we employ oligomeric polyethylene glycol as a multifunctional solvent for poly (methacrylic acid) (PMAA), converting the otherwise plastic PMAA network into a transparent, dissipative gel. The oligomeric solvent promotes a hierarchical hydrogen-bonding architecture with broadly distributed strengths, coupling elasticity and viscosity, stabilizing the network, and enabling high energy dissipation for acoustic damping and impact resistance. Meanwhile, thermally reversible hydrogen-bond dissociation provides broad endothermic heat absorption, affording thermal buffering. The gels further exhibit high transparency, robust adhesion, and self-healing. Harnessing the gel as an interlayer, we fabricate laminated glass that integrates light transmission, thermal regulation, sound attenuation, and mechanical protection. This oligomer-solvent strategy offers a practical route to multifunctional, energy-efficient, safer building glazing applications in real-world architecture settings.

Conformal and adhesive gel for stable electrophysiology on hairy animals without shaving

Ligand engineering tailors hydrophobic microenvironments for efficient electrocatalytic oxidation of fatty alcohol

Lorentz skew scattering and giant nonreciprocal magneto-transport

Multi-electron nitrobenzothiadiazole sp-conjugated-alkynyl covalent organic frameworks for ammonium-ion batteries

Abstract Covalent organic frameworks containing periodic redox-active motifs and conjugation structures are booming as competitive negative electrodes for ammonium-ion batteries. Introducing substantial single-electron active motifs linked by dynamic imine bonds can increase their capacity; however, this design is constrained by suboptimal single-electron redox efficiency and insufficient linkage stability. Here we unlock a multiple two-electron-transfer nitrobenzothiadiazole covalent organic framework via integrating alkynyl benzenes and nitro-functionalized four-electron benzothiadiazoles. The high degree of π-electron sp -conjugation along alkynyl linkages and strong electron-drawing effect of nitrobenzothiadiazole motifs in nitrobenzothiadiazole covalent organic framework promise high NH 4 + accessibility of multi-two-electron nitro/thiazole sites (95.2% utilization) with a lower activation energy (25.93 vs . 35.99 kJ mol −1 of benzothiadiazole covalent organic framework).The fast octadeca-H-bonded NH 4 + coordination in nitrobenzothiadiazole units liberates a high specific capacity of 317 mAh g −1 for nitrobenzothiadiazole covalent organic framework negative electrode. The alkynyl-bridged π-conjugation network establishes structural anti-dissolution to enable a cycling durability of 70,000 cycles. Paired with high-voltage Prussian blue analogue positive electrode, the ammonium-ion full battery delivers a specific energy of 86.1 Wh kg −1 (based on total active material mass) and a lifespan of 25,000 cycles. This work extends the design landscape of high-performance covalent organic frameworks for advanced ammonium-ion batteries.