Browse Articles
Discover research articles across all indexed journals
Dynamic simulation and intelligent control technology for cutting head load of coal mine roadheader
Due to the complex geological conditions of coal-rock, the cutting head of coal mine excavation machines experiences severe fluctuations in loads, making it difficult for existing macroscopic controls to accurately capture the microscopic loads on the cutting pick. Therefore, a dynamic simulation and intelligent control model for the cutting head load of an adaptive roadheader based on multi-scale coupled simulation is developed. The study first modifies the classical load model through finite element method to accurately simulate the microscopic interaction between the cutting pick and the rock mass. The non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II in elite strategy is used to construct a multi-objective optimization model to determine the optimal parameters for cutting head speed and swing speed. Finally, load dynamic control is achieved by combining radial basis function proportional-integral-derivative controller, and multi-body dynamics-discrete element method and proximal policy optimization are introduced to improve the adaptability to complex working conditions. Test results from different operation scenarios showed that the path planning error of the model met high-precision excavation requirements in regular roadways. During the long-term stable operation phase, the energy consumption ratio and energy utilization efficiency were significantly improved compared to traditional solutions. Faced with slight changes in coal-rock hardness, this model provided early warnings effectively. Under single-point fracture failure, load stability was quickly restored. In the constant operating condition performance test, the model demonstrated significant steady-state control accuracy with minimal mean square error and zero overshoot. Furthermore, a pilot engineering application in a high-gas coal mine roadway demonstrated that the relative error between the simulated and measured loads was controlled within 6.5%, validating the practical feasibility of the proposed system. This study can effectively reduce pick failure, improve excavation efficiency, provide core technical support for the “less manpower, unmanned” operation of coal mines, and assist in the safe and efficient upgrading of the coal industry.
Green synthesis of 4,4′-diaminotriarylmethane derivatives using a recyclable magnetic acidic nano catalyst
Conformation‐Resolved Single‐Luminogen Systems for Time‐Dependent Multicolor Afterglow
ABSTRACT Time‐dependent multicolor afterglow enables temporal encoding of naked‐eye distinguishable optical signals that cannot be achieved with static luminescence. However, available strategies to control the wavelength and color of time‐dependent multicolor afterglow remain highly limited. Herein, we propose a conformation‐resolved molecular design that successfully unlocks intrinsic dual‐phosphorescence characteristics in single‐luminogen systems, enabling dynamically color‐tunable afterglow within the polymer matrix. Our strategy integrates flexible C–S–C rotors into a rigid pyrene core, allowing simultaneous stabilization of distinct emissive conformers with different triplet energy levels, specifically, a parallel conformer that can produce red phosphorescence and a perpendicular one yielding green phosphorescence. The asynchronous decay of these phosphorescent afterglows results in a visually perceptible emission color transition from red to yellow, and finally to green over a naked‐eye distinguishable time scale, representing a rare paradigm of intrinsic, conformation‐mediated dual‐phosphorescence. Moreover, our systems are able to exhibit remarkable resistance to water, acids/bases, and organic solvents, as well as intrinsic UV‐shielding capabilities, demonstrating that the time‐dependent multicolor afterglow can readily integrate with diverse material functionalities, and is thus well suited for a wide range of application scenarios.
Forest fire detection and recognition method based on improved YOLOv5-ACE algorithm
Currently, forest fires have become a major fire safety issue. To detect forest fires and optimize the accuracy, a forest fire detection and recognition model based on an improved YOLOv5-ACE algorithm is proposed. In response to the difficulties of small target detection in forest fires, poor adaptability to complex backgrounds, and deployment limitations of edge devices, the CBAM and the ASPP multi-scale feature extraction module are introduced to enhance the ability of target feature capture and small target detection. The algorithm is lightweight by combining the grouped convolution of ShuffleNet v2 and the global dependency capture of ViT, while improving the positioning accuracy and anti-interference ability. Compared with the traditional YOLOv5, the detection accuracy has increased by 11.5%, ultimately reaching 92.3%, and the recall has increased by 6.8% to 91.6%. Through hypothesis testing, all performance improvements have statistical significance ( p < 0.05). The proposed method can detect forest fires more quickly and accurately, which has good guiding significance for preventing the occurrence of forest fires.
Morpho-biochemical and molecular identification of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus cereus isolates from sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) rhizosphere
Quercetin prevents age-related hearing loss in C57BL/6J mice by activating mitophagy and inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome
Objective Age-related hearing loss (ARHL), the most prevalent sensory impairment in older adults, is closely associated with NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation and mitochondrial dysfunction. Quercetin, a natural flavonoid, shows anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, but its role in ARHL remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of quercetin on ARHL in a mouse model, focusing on both NLRP3 inflammasome and mitophagy. Materials and methods Quercetin was administered intragastrically to C57BL/6J mice from the age of 6 months to 12 months. The function of the hearing system was evaluated by auditory brainstem response (ABR) and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining of the cochlea. The levels of oxidative stress markers were detected using specific kits. Gene expression was detected by quantitative reverse transcripation polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. Results The results showed that quercetin effectively reduced the ABR threshold shift at 8, 16, and 32 kHz frequencies and improved cochlear tissue morphology. It also reduced oxidative stress and inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-18 (IL-18), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), in the cochlea and auditory cortex of C57BL/6J mice. Notably, the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome was attenuated in the quercetin-treated group, as evidenced by decreased expression of NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC), IL-1β, IL-18, caspase-1 and cleaved caspase-1. Additionally, quercetin treatment promoted the expression of autophagy-related genes in the cochlea and auditory cortex, such as PTEN induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1), Parkinson disease-related protein 2 (PARKIN), BCL2 interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B (LC3B), and increased the LC3B-II/LC3B-I ratio. Conclusion These findings indicated that quercetin exerted a protective effect against ARHL by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation and modulating mitophagy, providing a theoretical basis for applying quercetin to treat ARHL.
Transfer learning and knowledge graph enhanced VR animation resource recommendation with creativity prediction
Total Synthesis of Limonoids Enabled by Sterically Assisted Boron Chain‐Walking
ABSTRACT Limonoids are architecturally complex tetranortriterpenoids with diverse biological activities, yet their synthetic inaccessibility has limited detailed investigations. Here, we report an enantioselective strategy that enables efficient access to intact limonoids. Our approach begins with a readily available Hajos–Parrish ketone derivative and rapidly assembles the tetracyclic core of the target scaffold. Central to this route is a novel sterically assisted hydroboration/boron chain‐walking/oxidation protocol, which achieves a challenging late‐stage remote C–H hydroxylation in a highly regio‐ and stereoselective manner within sterically congested polycyclic scaffolds. This strategy has enabled the total syntheses of (+)‐azadiradione and (−)‐7‐desacetyl‐7‐benzoylazadiradione. These studies provide a unified entry to multiple limonoid families and establish a broadly applicable solution for site‐selective late‐stage functionalization in complex natural product frameworks.
Perceptions of a healthy diet among Hungarian Roma align with dietary guidelines and are primarily associated with self-perceived eating habits
Abstract The Roma population is prone to an increased risk for diet-related non-communicable diseases; thus, understanding their perceptions of healthy eating is essential to improve dietary quality and effectively address diet disparities. This study assesses such perceptions among Hungarian Roma and explores their association with sociodemographic variables, weight status, and household dietary diversity. The cross-sectional study included 300 Roma individuals (aged 18 and above) residing in Hungary. The telephone-based survey included questions on perceptions of healthy diet, household dietary diversity, foodways, weight status, and socioeconomic status. Using t-test, one-way ANOVA, linear regression, and chi-square tests, the role of and relationships between variables and perceptions of a healthy diet were examined. Respondents associated healthy eating with a high intake of vegetables and fruits, whole grains, and fresh and natural foods; maintaining a balanced and varied diet; and supporting overall health. Based on the perception of healthy diet (PHD) score, participants’ views generally aligned with a healthy diet. Statistically significant differences were found between perceptions of healthy diet, and sex ( p = 0.05), and age group ( p < 0.001). The results of the regression analysis further show that self-perceived healthy eating was the strongest predictor (ß= -0.64, p = 0.01) of the PHD score, while sociodemographic factors such as age (ß= -0.46, p = 0.008) and sex (ß= 0.21, p = 0.07) had more moderate explanatory power. The findings indicate that perceptions regarding healthy diet are not influenced by all socioeconomic factors, BMI, or economic access to food. The findings underscore the need for targeted health-promotion strategies that consider sociocultural factors to promote healthy eating habits and improve health outcomes.
Proton Tautomerism for Anhydrous Superprotonic Conduction in 1,2,3‐Triazolium Dihydrogen Phosphate Crystal
ABSTRACT Proton dynamics within molecular organic solids are crucial for energy‐related technologies. Proton conductors for use as solid electrolytes in hydrogen fuel cells have been developed, elucidating the higher proton transport mechanism and establishing design guidelines for higher conduction. Many anhydrous proton conductors for proton transport utilizing molecular motion in solids have been studied; however, low‐barrier conduction is challenging. In this study, we addressed proton tautomerism as a new guideline for proton conduction, rather than molecular motion. The key to facilitating low‐barrier conduction is proton transport without molecular motion via dynamic interconversion between multiple tautomers. We demonstrated the effectiveness of proton‐tautomerism strategy in 1,2,3‐triazole dihydrogen phosphate crystal, which exhibited low‐barrier, isotropic superprotonic conductivity exceeding 10 −3 S cm −1 . Both theoretical and experimental results confirmed that superprotonic conduction originates from proton tautomerism, demonstrating for the first time that proton tautomerism can serve as a design guide for highly efficient anhydrous proton conductors.
Opportunistic screening data for early prediction of GDM in Northern Chinese women: a multicenter machine learning study
Abstract To develop a machine learning model for early prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) using routinely available first-trimester clinical and ultrasound data in Northern Chinese women. This multicenter prospective cohort study enrolled pregnant women from three hospitals in Northern China. We integrated first-trimester maternal characteristics and standardized ultrasound measurements of subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT) adipose tissue thickness. After addressing potential selection bias via inverse probability weighting, we employed a genetic algorithm (GA) for robust feature selection and evaluated five machine learning classifiers (XGBoost, ANN, SVM, MLR, RF). Model performance was assessed on an internal test set and an independent external validation set, with AUC as the primary metric. The GA consistently selected BMI, SAT, and VAT as core predictive features. The model combining GA-selected features with XGBoost demonstrated the highest performance, achieving an AUC of 0.962 on the internal test set and 0.878 on the external validation set, with corresponding sensitivities of 0.90 and 0.70, and specificities of 0.942 and 0.935, respectively. It significantly outperformed models using other feature selection methods or classifiers (all P < 0.001). The model exhibited robust stability across various sensitivity analyses. A machine learning model based on readily accessible first-trimester indicators provides an effective tool for early, opportunistic GDM risk stratification in Northern Chinese women.
Removal of lead from groundwater using carbide-derived carbon
Bilingualism modulates functional connectivity induced by a domain-general artificial grammar learning task
Abstract Bilingualism is associated with distinct patterns of resting-state functional brain connectivity – a consequence of ongoing language control demands that do not apply to monolinguals. However, it is not well understood how these patterns affect, and are affected by, brain activation for domain-general cognitively demanding tasks. Here, we employ a novel task-driven resting-state electroencephalography design including an implicit Lindenmayer grammar learning task, which tracks aperiodic and hierarchical dependencies, to determine task-related functional connectivity changes in bilinguals. Quantified bilingual experience was used as a predictor of directional effects, using Generalised Additive Models to account for non-linear patterns. Our results revealed post-task alterations to connectivity involving increased involvement of occipital regions, reduced involvement of frontal and central regions, and faster reaction times to stimuli at higher levels of bilingual experience. Crucially, the regions implicated post-task appear to reflect task-relevant regions which are involved in the language and executive control networks, reflecting greater short-term task-driven flexibility. These findings have important implications for our understanding of how domain-general processing and connectivity are shaped by linguistic experience.
Programmable Antigen‐Specific Immunity via Self‐Adjuvanting Nanovaccines Co‐Delivering Immune Modulators
Abstract Cancer peptide vaccines harness the host immune system to generate tumor‐specific immune responses, offering potential for treating metastatic cancers and preventing recurrence. However, the limited immunogenicity of peptide antigens restricts their clinical efficacy, necessitating strategies to enhance their potency. One promising approach involves the conjugation of antigens with adjuvants to elicit antigen‐specific immune responses, thereby creating self‐adjuvanting vaccines. In this study, we developed an improved platform for such vaccines. Specifically, the antigenic CH401 peptide was conjugated with the adjuvant (Pam 3 CSK 4 ) and formulated into cationic lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) smaller than 100 nm to facilitate uptake by immune cells, with supplemental adjuvants incorporated to modulate immune responses. Notably, the microflow device iLiNP enabled precise, size‐controlled LNP formulation from various components, supporting the systematic evolution of the self‐adjuvanting vaccine platform. These vaccine candidates demonstrated enhanced immunogenicity, enabling precise modulation of immune responses in an antigen‐specific manner. Notably, these vaccines elicited potent immune responses in humanized mouse models. Overall, this strategy represents a next‐generation self‐adjuvanting vaccine platform, capable of both enhancing and fine‐tuning antigen‐specific immune responses, holding great promise for innovative vaccine development.
Within-cohort associations between corneal epithelial remodeling and anterior corneal higher-order aberrations after FS-LASIK and KLEx (SMILE): a two-cohort descriptive study
Corn silk ameliorates fatty liver disease by modulating the gut microbiota and metabolites in the serum and liver
Investigating the impact of carbamazepine on tomato plant metabolism using genome-scale metabolic modelling
Distinct Tunable In‐Plane Birefringence via Domain Manipulation in a 2D Metal Halide Ferroelectric
ABSTRACT Single crystals with tunable birefringence hold an exciting position in optical and photonic devices due to their exceptional ability of light manipulation. Although ferroelectric domains have been utilized to regulate physical properties, studies on tuning their birefringence by virtue of domain structure remain largely scarce. Herein, we have demonstrated the modulation of in‐plane birefringence through manipulating domain structures in a 2D metal halide ferroelectric, (2‐MBA) 2 PbCl 4 ( 1 , 2‐MBA = 2‐methylbutylamine), which exhibits a phase transition at 314 K with spontaneous polarization of 1.6 µC/cm 2 . Crystal 1 exhibits controllable birefringence that can be modified by thermal and optical stimuli; this behavior directly involves with its ferroelectric properties. Notably, we have achieved unusual in‐plane birefringence tuning via domain structure, which is further modulated by coupling domain manipulation with heat, light, and mechanical pressure. This work provides a new strategy for controlling birefringence, and advances the development of ferroelectric‐based photonic devices for data storage and integrated optoelectronics.