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Cross-species transferability and genetic diversity analysis in Linum species using microsatellite markers
Interpretable machine learning with SHAP predicts honest behavior from personality traits and physiological data
Catalytic Proximal Protein Oligomerization as an Anti-Tumor Strategy Targeting WDR5
Evaluation of immunoreactive epitopes in the sera and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome
Template-free synthesis of colloidal quantum dot assemblies with molecule-like architectures
Three-dimensional imaging reveals a hierarchical organisation of the myocardial mesh in mammalian hearts
Hypusination of the translation factor eIF5A regulates mitochondrial tRNA processing to promote prostate cancer aggressiveness
Mapping mismanaged plastic waste in Indonesia: subdistrict-level analysis through material flow from sources to the environment
Abstract While Indonesia is a major contributor to global plastic pollution, national-level data obscures critical local hotspots where mismanagement is most severe. This study presents the comprehensive subdistrict level analysis of plastic waste flows across Indonesia to identify these hotspots and quantify their mismanagement pathways. Using a Material Flow Analysis (MFA) framework combined with Geographic Information Systems (GIS), we analyzed data from the Indonesia National Waste Management Information System (SIPSN), sampling and other governmental sources to model the fate of plastic waste. We estimate that 9.20 ± 1.52 million tonnes (Mt) of plastic waste are generated annually. This study focuses specifically on mismanaged plastic waste (MPW) that can potentially enter the environment and leak to waterways. While open burning is the largest single pathway (5.15 ± 0.68 Mt), this analysis concentrates on the 1.16 million tonnes that potentially leak into the environment. This includes 0.64 ± 0.11 Mt disposed directly into rivers and drains and 0.52 ± 0.09 Mt disposed illegally onto land. The analysis also reveals the critical role of the informal sector, which recovers four times more plastic than formal facilities (12% vs. 3%).
A guard cell carbonic anhydrase binds and regulates SLAC1 separate from its catalytic activity
Abstract Stomata of plant leaves open to enable CO 2 entry for photosynthesis and close when CO 2 in the leaf is elevated. CO 2 is thought to promote stomatal closure in part by activating the SLAC1 anion channel at the guard cell plasma membrane. Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) contribute to this activation, but their contribution as distinct from CO 2 -H 2 CO 3 catalysis remains controversial. Here we show that the β-carbonic anhydrase CA4 binds selectively with the guard-cell anion channel SLAC1 to enhance channel current. The interaction is CO 2 -dependent, but binding is mediated by amino acids distal from the CO 2 -binding site of CA4 and is separable from carbonic-anhydrase activity. CA4 mutants impaired in channel binding eliminate the CO 2 -sensitivity of SLAC1 in vivo and slow stomatal kinetics with a commensurate loss in water use efficiency. The findings demonstrate that CA4 contributes directly to the CO 2 -response mechanics regulating SLAC1 at near-ambient CO 2 in guard cells and to stomatal kinetics in the plant.
Enhancing hospital workforce planning, scheduling, and performance evaluation through an AI-driven human resource management system
Saccades orchestrate intraocular glucose dynamics to shape visual responses in birds
β-Nicotinamide mononucleotide preserves muscle strength in septic male mice
Targeting Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 1 inhibits pancreatic cancer progression and macrophage immunity
A framework of large language model commander agent for spatial reasoning in combat simulation
Advancing the elimination of cervical cancer across Africa
Perfluoroalkyl compound levels in breast milk of mothers in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Microglial cathepsin B is necessary for neuronal efferocytosis in zebrafish and mice during brain development
Abstract Half of all newborn neurons in the developing brain are removed via efferocytosis - the phagocytic clearance of apoptotic cells. Microglia are brain-resident professional phagocytes that play important roles in neural circuit development including as primary effectors of efferocytosis. While the mechanisms through which microglia recognize potential phagocytic cargo are widely studied, the lysosomal mechanisms that are necessary for efficient digestion are less well defined. Here we show that the lysosomal protease cathepsin B is enriched in microglia located in brain regions where neuronal turnover is high in both zebrafish and mouse. Genetic disruption of cathepsin B in zebrafish and mice had an accumulation of microglia containing undigested dead cells. Live imaging studies in zebrafish and in cultured mouse microglia revealed fewer phagocytic events and reduced overall phagocytosis. We also observed behavioral impairments in both models. These data reveal a role for microglial cathepsin B in vertebrate brain development.
Biocementing potential of ureolytic Bacillus sp. and Streptomyces sp. in the cohesion of sand particles
Non-invasive imaging of defence responses in plants
Abstract Jasmonic and salicylic acids are key hormones involved in plant responses to pests and pathogens. Existing fluorescence-based approaches to imaging plant defence hormones are constrained by the need for external illumination and by autofluorescence of plant tissues, while luminescence-based ones require exogenous substrates. Here, we use jasmonate- and salicylate-responsive promoters to engineer autoluminescent plants that report hormone signalling activity with up to a 53-fold contrast. Using consumer-grade cameras, we image reporter Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana benthamiana plants throughout normal development and in response to pest and pathogen attacks, visualising local and systemic responses. Because the luminescence is self-sustained, these reporters enable non-invasive, substrate-free imaging of defence signalling over extended time courses without specialised equipment.