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Explainable artificial intelligence for early Alzheimer’s diagnosis using enhanced grey relational features and multimodal data
FAD-MIL: a weakly supervised fracture detection model based on X-ray images
Integrated transcriptomic and targeted triterpenoid profiling reveals key enzymes in triterpenoid biosynthesis of Oplopanax elatus
Bioactive-fat engineered nanostructured lipid carriers from Illipe butter: optimized design and enhanced in vitro anti-inflammatory performance
Abstract Despite the extensive use of synthetic and semi-synthetic lipids in nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) systems, the utilization of Shorea spp. (Illipe butter or tengkawang fat), an indigenous natural solid lipid from Indonesia, remains unexplored. This study aimed to develop and optimize a Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC) formulation using Illipe butter ( Shorea spp. ) as a natural solid lipid source. The NLC system was designed through a Box–Behnken design to evaluate the influence of solid lipid (Illipe butter and glyceryl monostearate), liquid lipid (oleic acid), and surfactant mixture (Tween 80 and glycerin) on physicochemical characteristics. The optimized formulation Nanostructured Lipid Carrier-Illipe Butter (NLC-IB) was incorporated into a gel base to produce an NLC gel formulation suitable for topical anti-inflammatory application. Characterization of the optimized NLC revealed a particle size of 276.9 nm, PDI of 0.393, and zeta potential of − 53.5 mV, indicating good stability. Transmission electron microscopy showed spherical particles with an imperfect crystal (Type I) matrix. GC–MS analysis confirmed the retention of major fatty acids, particularly stearic acid (31.9%) and palmitic acid (18.2%), in the NLC system. In vitro anti-inflammatory evaluation using the BSA denaturation assay demonstrated moderate activity, with IC₅₀ values of 197.23 ppm (Illipe butter), 146.46 ppm (NLC-IB), and 238.49 ppm (E-NLC-IB). To our knowledge, this study represents one of the first systematic investigations of Illipe butter (Shorea spp.) as a solid lipid matrix in nanostructured lipid carrier systems.
Detection of sample swapping in anti-doping investigations using machine learning
SIRT1 induces FOXO1/autophagy/NCOA4-induced ferroptosis and accelerates the progression of cerebral infarction by inhibiting the E2F1/NOTCH-1/YAP signaling pathway
Age estimation using the pulp-to-tooth volume ratio of canines based on cone-beam computed tomography: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Knowledge attitudes and practices towards long-acting antiretroviral therapy in HIV/AIDS patients
Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding long-acting antiretroviral therapy (LA-ART) among HIV/AIDS patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Infection Center of Beijing Youan Hospital between December 2024 and May 2025. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire comprising demographic variables and KAP-related items. A total of 919 questionnaires were collected; after excluding 93 responses (declined consent, abnormal height/weight entries, failed logic-check questions, and uniform responses), 826 valid questionnaires were included in the final analysis, yielding a valid response rate of 89.88%. Most participants resided in urban areas (62.0%) and were currently employed (72.0%), with over half (52.9%) holding an associate or bachelor’s degree. Their knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were 14.38 ± 5.52 (possible range: 0–36), 39.71 ± 4.36 (possible range: 12–60), and 22.29 ± 2.99 (possible range: 9–27), respectively. The structural equation modeling results showed that knowledge had direct effects on attitude (β = 0.427, P = 0.016) and practice (β = 0.132, P = 0.003). Meanwhile, attitude had a direct impact on practice (β = 0.460, P = 0.034). Furthermore, knowledge indirectly affected practice through attitude (β = 0.197, P = 0.014). HIV/AIDS patients demonstrated insufficient knowledge, a generally neutral attitude, yet reported positive practices regarding LA-ART. Future clinical interventions should prioritize structured, evidence-based educational programs to enhance patient understanding and shift attitudes.
Population-attributable burden of modifiable risk factors for depression and anxiety among reproductive-age women in Nepal
Retraction Note: LungGANDetectAI: a GAN-augmented and attention-guided deep learning framework for accurate and explainable lung cancer detection
Glucocorticoid sparing in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with Janus kinase inhibitors: insights from the Japanese patient registry
Geological and climatic influences on natural radioactivity in drinking water and their health impacts: a study of Dessie and Kombolcha towns, Ethiopia
Abstract This study examines the geological and climatic factors that influence natural radioactivity levels in drinking water from Dessie and Kombolcha towns in Ethiopia’s northern plateau. The basaltic and sedimentary mudrock formations of the region contain high levels of natural radionuclide elevated natural radionuclide levels, while climatic factors such as precipitation, soil moisture, and humidity enhance their mobility and transport into water sources. Kombolcha, situated at a Lower altitude geographically, exhibits higher radionuclide concentrations for 238 U and 232 Th. All measured values are almost greater than the global permissible values 0.5 mBq/L and 0.05 mBq/L respectively, especially for samples collected from running water. This is due to surplus and downward transport along the Borkena River from Dessie to Kombolcha, which is intensified by climatic conditions and rainfall. 40 K shows high activity values in samples from underground and spring water in both towns, even if its global permissible value is clearly not known in ingestion food type. Uranium’s greater solubility compared to thorium results in higher activity levels above 0.5 mBq/L, across both towns in this study. Radiation dose assessments reveal significant health risks, particularly in spring and headwater areas. Annual effective doses exceed the permissible values recommended by international guidelines like IAEA and ICRP in both towns which is 1 mSv/yr. These findings suggest potential long-term health risks, with recommendations for continuous monitoring and mitigation measures to protect public health in the two towns and downstream from the Ethiopian northern plateau.
An evaluation of the performance characteristics of SCR utilizing a Fe2O3–SiO2/Al2O3 synthesized catalyst for effective diesel engine exhaust emission reduction
Abstract Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) helps to reduce Nitrogen Oxide (NO) emissions from diesel engines using catalytic materials made of thermally stable non-precious metals. A dual support SCR catalyst using iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ) and silica/alumina (SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 ) has developed from low-cost materials. This catalyst has a monolith design for application to engines at full scale. The dual support provides a high level of interface between the iron oxide and silica/alumina that allows higher iron loadings, better iron distribution, and greater thermal stability of the Fe 3+ /Fe 2+ redox couples across a wide temperature range (150–600 °C). Analytical techniques like (X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller Surface Area (BET) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy confirmed the presence of a thermally stable and mesoporous catalyst with an even distribution of Lewis and Bronsted acid sites. Industrial applications of this catalyst have been performed on a diesel engine fuel as a diesel and diesel plastic oil blend (DPB) (B50) with a power output of 5.2 kW and significant conversion rates of 85% of NO at maximum load, and Hydrocarbons (HC), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and smoke opacity have been reduced by 65%, 55%, and 60%, respectively. Statistical analysis of results across all experimental conditions, including ANOVA, was conducted to establish the reproducibility of the findings. This catalyst exhibited consistent activity when tested with conventional diesel fuel as well as blended fuels composed of diesel and post-industrial waste. No precious metals or polymers have been used in the synthesis of the dual support SCR catalyst or subsequent formulations for commercial application. Overall, the results demonstrated that low-cost precursors could serve as effective catalysts for reducing NO emissions from diesel engines.
SPHT-LSTM: a novel industrial equipment condition prediction method
AI-powered ultrasound radiofrequency analysis for non-invasive pediatric liver fat quantification
Buffering effects of shelter and palatable foods mitigate fear responses in foraging wild mice
Intrinsic capacity trajectory and hip fracture risk in Chinese middle-aged and older adults: a 10-year retrospective cohort study
The epidemiology of neurocognitive disorders in Hungary
Abstract There is a lack of data on the epidemiological characteristics of NCD (neurocognitive. disorder) in Hungary. We aimed to assess the prevalence and incidence of NCD in Hungary, by sex and age groups, and to determine the proportion of diagnostic procedures performed on patients, the prevalence of comorbidities within this population, and the medication used to treat these patients. Descriptive statistical analysis based on data from the National Health Insurance Fund and the Central Statistical Office. Data are for the years 2016 to 2021. The prevalence of NCD in people over 65 in 2016 was 6.64%, decreasing to 5.58% in 2021. The annual incidence in 2016 was 65,505, which decreased to 42,668 in 2021. 40% of incident. patients received a CT scan of the skull. Around 80% of patients were diagnosed with hypertension. 75% had cerebrovascular disease in 2016, which decreased to 59.3% in 2021. A third of patients were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. In 2016, 8.99% of patients filled their prescriptions for NCD, this figure did not change significantly by 2021. The prevalence of NCD in Hungary decreased significantly after 2019, presumably due to the decreased use of healthcare facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic.