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PSD-LW-DCN: a generalizable power spectral density based lightweight deep convolutional neural network for seizure detection
Decoupling electronic and geometric effects in Pd catalysts via thermal surface reconstruction for selective hydrogenation
Isobaric quantitative proteomics reveals altered extracellular matrix, cytoskeletal, and degradation pathways in glaucomatous trabecular meshwork cells
Sub-second spin and lifetime-limited optical coherences in 171Yb3+:CaWO4
Design and characterization of quad port dual band MIMO antenna for 5G V2X connectivity
Abstract This paper proposes a quad-port dual-band multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna that operates at the n78 band (3.5 GHz) and the dedicated short-range communications band (5.9 GHz), addressing the requirements of emerging 5G and vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication systems. The presented MIMO antenna employs multi-stub radiating structures with a defected ground configuration using planar, non-resonant geometries without vias and multilayer stacking to achieve compact footprint of 0.95 λ g × 0.95 λ g , improved impedance matching and enhanced bandwidth without integrating substrate integrated waveguide cavities, complementary split ring resonators and neutralization line techniques. The fabricated antenna prototype offers measured impedance bandwidths of 680 MHz and 670 MHz at both operating bands, with mutual coupling less than −20 dB. The antenna has a gain of 3.6 dBi at 3.5 GHz and 4.7 dBi at 5.9 GHz, while maintaining an efficiency of more than 83% and an omnidirectional radiation pattern suitable for vehicular integration. MIMO diversity analysis shows an envelope correlation coefficient < 0.03, diversity gain ≈ 9.99 dB, total active reflection coefficient < -10 dB, and channel capacity loss ≈ 0.1 bps/Hz, indicating excellent diversity and isolation performance. Furthermore, the antenna performance is validated on the issue of housing effect and the vehicle installation environment, whereby roof top integration increases the directivity while maintaining the omnidirectional coverage, demonstrating that it is suitable for reliable, high data rate 5G-enabled V2X communication.
Prasugrel inhibits TLR7-driven autoimmunity in systemic lupus erythematosus by acetylating cGAS
Abstract Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has a complex, multifactorial etiology, which contributes to a lack of definitive cure and limited treatment efficacy. Here, we report that cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) is significantly activated in SLE patients. We further demonstrate that cGAS deletion protects mice from lupus-like symptoms induced by the TLR7 agonist imiquimod (IMQ). In a screen of 3,159 FDA-approved drugs, we identify the antiplatelet agent prasugrel as a potent cGAS inhibitor. Mechanistically, prasugrel disrupts the DNA-triggered liquid phase condensation and activation of cGAS via direct acetylation. Strikingly, we find that prasugrel exhibits remarkable efficacy in treating SLE in both mouse models and patient cells. Importantly, we report elevated plasma cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) in SLE patients and identify it as a potential biomarker for predicting prasugrel response. Thus, our work elucidates the essential role of cGAS in SLE pathogenesis and presents prasugrel as a promising therapeutic option with immediate translational potential.
InterFeat: a pipeline for finding interesting scientific features
Abstract Finding interesting phenomena is the core of scientific discovery, but the notion of interestingness is vaguely defined and heavily reliant on manual judgment. We present InterFeat, an integrative pipeline for automating the discovery and ranking of inter esting feat ures ( InterFeat ) in structured biomedical data. The pipeline combines machine learning, knowledge graphs, literature search and large language models. We formalize “interestingness” as a combination of novelty, utility and plausibility. In a time-split evaluation, InterFeat was trained only on historical data, and managed to surface risk factors years ahead of their eventual discovery. Across eight major diseases, up to 21% of suggested factors appeared in the literature after the time cut-off. In a human evaluation, four senior physicians annotated InterFeat’s suggestions, deeming 28% of them interesting. Out of highly-ranked candidates, 40–53% were interesting, vs. 0–20% for SHAP and L1 baselines. InterFeat addresses the challenge of operationalizing “interestingness” scalably for any target with existing literature. Code and data: https://github.com/LinialLab/InterFeat
Rapid dynamics of dorsal raphe serotonin neurons regulate the strength of visual attention
Abstract Every moment, a spotlight of attention roams our visual field to enhance detection of salient stimuli. While recent work suggests how the brain selects salient relevant stimuli (attentional focus), it is unknown if there are mechanisms that modulate attention to suit fluctuating target salience or internal needs (attentional strength). Here, using optical recordings and perturbations in mice performing a cued detection task, we report that rapid dynamics in both dorsal raphe (DR) activity and cortical serotonin (5HT) release selectively regulate attentional strength. In contrast to these rapid DR-5HT dynamics, we found previously reported reward-associated and slower dynamics were both unrelated to attention. Brief optogenetic DR-5HT suppression increased attentional strength and performance, whereas optogenetic excitation reduced attentional strength and performance. A computational model suggests DR-5HT’s inverse effects on attention arise from control of cortical suppression and divisive normalization. Collectively, our results demonstrate that the brain independently controls attentional strength and focus and defines rapid DR-5HT neuromodulation as a new regulator of attentional strength.
Temporal patterns of radiocesium decline in current-year branches of coppiced Quercus serrata relative to stand age after the Fukushima nuclear accident
Abstract Forest contamination by radiocesium ( 137 Cs) has hindered the resumption of forestry activities after the Fukushima nuclear accident, particularly the production of coppiced konara oak ( Quercus serrata ) bed logs for shiitake mushroom ( Lentinula edodes ) cultivation. Methods are being developed to estimate stem 137 Cs activity concentrations using current-year branches as an indirect indicator that can be used to identify available bed logs efficiently. However, the behavior of 137 Cs in current-year branches—especially in the juvenile stage—is insufficiently understood, limiting efforts to improve the accuracy of stem concentration estimates. In this study, current-year branches were collected in the winters of 2020–2021 and 2025 from the same konara oak trees in 20 survey plots in Miyakoji, Tamura City, Fukushima Prefecture, where coppice regeneration occurred between 2011 and 2016. Temporal changes were examined using the abovementioned sampling data, along with the previous monitoring data from the winter of 2016–2017. Results showed that in konara oaks aged 1–3 years at the beginning of each 4-year interval, 137 Cs activity concentrations in current-year branches decreased over four years by more than that expected from physical decay alone. By contrast, for trees aged 4–9 years at the start of the interval, the 4-year decline in concentrations was approximately consistent with physical decay. Thus, for konara oaks with a stand age of 4–9 years, the influence of stand age can be ignored when applying the developing relationship between current-year branch and stem 137 Cs activity concentrations.
NANP targeting radiosensitizes glioblastoma through TNFR1 sialylation-driven mesenchymal shift
Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) patients have dismal survival due to resistance to initial ionizing radiation therapy (RT). Clonal evolution analysis reveals no dominant RT-resistant clones, prompting a genome-wide CRISPR screen to identify radiosensitizing targets. The screening highlights DNA damage response genes, validating the effectiveness of our approach. N-acylneuraminate-9-phosphatase (NANP), a critical enzyme in the sialic acid synthetic pathway, is top-ranked in the screening and associated with patient outcomes. After radiation, NANP-deficient cells exhibit more DNA damage, G2/M arrest and apoptosis, and impaired DNA repair by favoring non-homologous end-joining over homologous recombination. Mechanistically, NANP influences NF-κB signaling and the mesenchymal state by modulating sialylation and internalization of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1), thereby affecting RT sensitivity. Intracranial orthotopic xenograft experiments validate the function of NANP in vivo. Here, we identify NANP as a radiosensitizing target dependent on TNFR1 sialylation and mesenchymal shift, providing a basis for developing RT sensitizers for GBM.
Hepatic Elastography in the Intensive Care Unit: Are We Ready to Use It as a Window into Critical Illness?
Spontaneous imbibition and oil displacement experimental investigation in fracture–matrix cores of tight sandstone reservoirs
Abstract Tight sandstone reservoirs are characterized by low porosity and low permeability, which results in great difficulty in oil production and low recovery. In this work, based on fracture–matrix tight sandstone core models and field crude oil, the interfacial activity and reservoir adaptability of the oil displacement agent C-22 were evaluated. Subsequently, oil displacement agents with different interfacial tension levels were optimized and selected as control groups for subsequent oil displacement experiments. The migration behavior of crude oil in fracture–matrix cores during spontaneous imbibition and oil displacement processes using C-22 was systematically investigated, and the key development parameters for oil displacement were further optimized. The results show that C-22 exhibits excellent interfacial activity and good reservoir adaptability. An ultralow interfacial tension of 0.12 mN/m can be achieved at a concentration of 0.1 wt%, and the interfacial tension remains stable after 7 d of aging. In the oil displacement experiments, as the pressure decreases from 15 to 0 MPa, the final oil recovery reaches 18.94%. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis indicates that oil in mesopores and macropores is predominantly mobilized at the early stage, whereas oil in micropores is mainly produced at the later stage. Furthermore, the key development parameters for the oil displacement process were optimized. The optimal oil displacement performance is achieved when the interfacial tension is reduced to the 10 −2 mN/m level, the concentration of C-22 is 0.2 wt%, and the shut-in time is 12 h. We expect that this study can provide valuable insights into the effective development of tight sandstone reservoirs and offer theoretical guidance for the selection of field operational parameters.
Publisher Correction: Targeting of NAT10 enhances healthspan in a mouse model of human accelerated aging syndrome
Who cares about mental health? Benchmarking the issue importance of mental health for American voters”
Existing scholarship on public opinion and mental health in the US has emphasized variations in Americans’ stated support for policies or investments intended to address mental health. This work has shown that overall support for these policies is quite high, suggesting that scholars of public opinion may be focusing on the wrong dependent variable. This study asks a different question: to what degree is mental health an important voting issue for Americans, and what groups consider it especially important? Using a high-quality nationally representative sample of 1000 American adults from the 2024 Cooperative Election Study, I use recently developed experimental methods to assess how important hypothetical candidates’ position on a mental health policy proposal (the Better Health Care for Americans Act) is to vote choice relative to nine other salient policy issues, including border security, abortion, and student loan forgiveness. The results suggest that mental health is of substantial importance, and especially so for liberals, higher-income people, and those in relatively poor health. These findings suggest that championing action on mental health could bring political rewards to policymakers.