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MFR-YOLO: advancing UAV object detection with multi-scale feature refinement via deformable convolution and global attention
AHP integrated geospatial application for identifying groundwater recharge zones accounting for temporal variations through multi-criterion weighted overlay analysis
Development and evaluation of cardiovascular disease risk prediction models for patients with type 2 diabetes
Abstract To facilitate treatment decisions in people at risk of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD), several risk equations such as the Pooled Cohort Equations and Predicting Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Events (PREVENT) equations have been developed to estimate CVD risk for primary prevention patients. However, it is unclear whether these equations achieve high predictive accuracy and fairness in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), and whether a T2D-specific risk equation is needed. Accordingly, we developed a Weibull Accelerated Failure Time (AFT) survival model for predicting the 3-year CVD risk in 23,795 patients with T2D from the All of Us dataset, using sociodemographic information, physical measurements, medication, and CVD history. Among patients without CVD history, our Weibull AFT (vs. PREVENT) achieved a greater C-index (0.646 vs. 0.465), greater Concordance Fractions (0.610–0.674 vs. 0.541–0.600), and comparable Concordance Imparity (0.006 vs. 0.002) across sex and race/ethnicity (0.065 vs. 0.058) subgroups. Our findings highlight the need for a T2D-specific CVD risk equation and demonstrate the value of diverse datasets for developing fair and accurate predictive models.
The effects of perceived labor rights protection on job performance in platform flexible employees: The role of career resilience and person–environment fit
Effect of different levels of Fenugreek sprouts on rumen microbiota and milk yield in Hassani goats
Abstract Germinated Fenugreek is a rich source of nutrients and bioactive compounds; therefore, it has garnered interest in improving animal productivity and health. This study evaluated the effect of two levels of dried Fenugreek sprouts (DF) ( Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) on milk yield and composition, digestibility, rumen fermentation, and rumen bacteria in Hassani goats. Thirty lactating Hassani goats were assigned to three groups (n = 10) to receive three diets: control non-supplemented diets composed of 60% concentrate mixture and 40% Egyptian Clover ( Trifolium alexandrinum ); control diet supplemented with DF at15 g/head/d (F15); and control diet supplemented with DF at 30 g/head/d (F30). The results indicated that DF is rich in several nutrients and phytochemicals such as phenols, tannins, and flavonoids. The supplementation improved the digestibility of nutrients (p < 0.05). Additionally, group F30 revealed higher ammonia, total volatile fatty acids (VFA), acetic, propionic, iso butyric, butyric, iso valeric, and valeric (p < 0.05). Supplemented groups (F15 and F30) showed lower predicted methane (p < 0.05). Higher milk yield was observed in group F30 (p < 0.05). The supplementation affected the bacterial community, which was dominated by phyla Bacteroidota and Firmicutes. Additionally, the supplementation enhanced fiber-degrading bacteria such as Prevotella , Butyrivibrio , Christensenellaceae R-7 group, and Ruminococcus (p < 0.05). Dried Fenugreek sprouts affected rumen microbiota and improved animal performance. Therefore, it could be supplemented to lactating goats at 30 g/head.
Correlation between human expert macular fluid height assessment and fluid volume quantification in neovascular age-related macular degeneration
Enhanced visual-inertial SLAM Using SuperPoint and semantic geometric dynamic feature detection
Silver nanoparticles synthesized from Sempervivum tectorum leaf extract show antibacterial activity against canine Staphylococcus pseudintermedius
Effects of automated insulin delivery systems on glucose control in subgroups of adults with type 1 diabetes in clinical practice over 2 years in Sweden
Abstract Several studies have demonstrated improvements in glucose control after initiation of automated insulin delivery (AID). This study aimed to evaluate glycemic outcomes and treatment-related barriers in subgroups of adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) using AID systems in routine clinical practice. We analyzed data from 142 adults with T1D using Tandem Control IQ or MiniMed 780G. Correlation analyses were conducted to evaluate how changes in glycemic outcomes varied in relation to baseline characteristics. Mean age was 42 years, 40.8% were females, and median follow-up time was 1.7 years. Individuals with higher hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) had less time below range (TBR) before starting AID ( P < 0.001). Effects on glucose control were similar irrespective of sex, prior insulin therapy, body mass index, and diabetes duration, but varied in relation to glucose control. Following AID initiation, the estimated reduction in HbA1c was 1.3% (14.3 mmol/mol) in individuals with a baseline HbA1c of 8.6% (70 mmol/mol), compared to 0.3% (2.9 mmol/mol) in those with a baseline HbA1c of 6.7% (50 mmol/mol) ( P < 0.001). Among individuals with a baseline TIR of 50% and 70%, the estimated increase in TIR following AID initiation was 19.0% and 7.2%, respectively ( P < 0.001). Greater reductions in HbA1c were associated with smaller reductions in TBR and vice versa ( r = − 0.29, P = 0.003). Among MiniMed 780G users, older age correlated with greater improvements in TIR ( P = 0.005). Skin reactions tended to be more frequent in women (41%) than men (26%), P = 0.057. In conclusion, AID system use was associated with substantial reductions in HbA1c in individuals with poor glycemic control. Clinically meaningful reductions in HbA1c were achieved also in individuals with an HbA1c closer to target who additionally gained greater reductions in TBR.
Genetic associations of corneal astigmatism in Hong Kong Chinese children
Abstract This study aims to investigate the associations of multiple single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with the risk and magnitude of corneal astigmatism (CA) in children. A total of 14 SNPs were genotyped in 2167 Chinese children aged 4–11 years, recruited from the Hong Kong Children Eye Study. The main outcomes were allelic associations with the risk of significant CA (≥ 1.0D) and magnitude of CA. Allelic associations with the risk of significant CA and magnitude of CA, respectively, were evaluated in additive model through age- and sex-adjusted logistic and linear regression. Subgroup analysis included sex-stratified analysis and linear trend test across age. FMNL2 rs1579050 was associated with the magnitude of CA (β = 0.158D, Pc = 0.045), and with the magnitude of CA (β = 0.301D, Pc = 0.02) in age quartile 4 in the age subgroup analysis. PDGFRA rs17084051 ( P = 0.04) and ZC3H11B rs7525202 ( P = 0.01) were associated with linear decrease in CA magnitude across age ( P < 0.05 considered statistically significant). This study revealed FMNL2 , PDGFRA and ZC3H11B as potential genetic factors for corneal astigmatism among Chinese children, with age-specific effects. Further validation of the findings in large cohorts should be warranted.
Engineering p-n heterostructure in MgO-Al2O3-CuO ternary metal oxide composites for sonocatalytic removal of pollutants
CNN-based compensation of faulty planar phased-array radiation patterns
A novel deep intronic COL5A1 variant in an Ehlers-Danlos syndrome family: functional characterization by minigene assay
Development and validation of the mental health literacy among Malaysian population (MyMHL) cross-culturally adapted Malay version of MHLq-SVa and MHLS
Interaction of two parenchyma ray types regulates redwood heartwood deposition
Abstract Part of the longevity strategy of trees is the deposition of extractives, biocidal compounds within heartwood that slow decay long after tree death and are thus an important determinant of carbon residency time. The process of heartwood deposition is regulated by parenchyma rays, living tissues that store carbohydrates, are the sites of biosynthesis, and contain substantial quantities of extractives within mature heartwood. We sought to explore and predict heartwood deposition across the full axial gradient in Sequoia sempervirens by incorporating the plasticity of sapwood parenchyma rays into our models and testing the value of separating them into two size classes. We used synchrotron-based X-ray tomographic microscopy (microCT) for anatomical measurements and novel tissue-level densitometry of wood samples collected from up to 100 m above ground. We found that Sequoia has two distinct ray types, and the interaction of these short and tall rays strongly predicts variation in the extractive content of heartwood. Environmental context was crucial; separate anatomy-based models were needed for never-logged primary and recovering secondary Sequoia forests in the north and primary forests on the southern margin of the species’ range. Incorporating ray structure and distribution into future work on heartwood extractives could provide tools to quantify and monitor heartwood responses of Sequoia forests to management and climate based on the phenotypic plasticity of rays.
Laboratory toxicological assessment of ozone exposure on terrestrial snail Theba pisana and its impact on histopathological alterations
Abstract This laboratory study assessed the toxicological effects of ozone gas exposure on the terrestrial snail Theba pisana (Müller, 1774). Adult snails were exposed to different ozone concentrations for 30 min to evaluate mortality, changes in body weight, and histopathological alterations. Results showed that mortality and weight loss increased with higher ozone concentrations and longer exposure times, reaching 16.67, 20.00 and 53.33% mortality and 5.21, 7.34 and 8.43% weight loss percentages at 250, 500 and 1000 ppmv after 24 h post-exposure. Histopathological analysis revealed progressive damage in the digestive gland, ranging from mild destruction to complete rupture, along with degeneration and necrosis in foot tissues. These findings demonstrate that ozone induces pronounced toxic effects on T. pisana under laboratory conditions and provide baseline information on its biological and histopathological impact. However, further studies are required to evaluate lower, environmentally relevant concentrations, non-target effects, and potential practical applications.