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Cu-Catalyzed Stereoconvergent and Enantioselective C–S Cross-Coupling of Alkenyl Halides with Sulfenamides via Alkenyl Radicals
Folic acid supplementation ameliorates long-term lipid metabolism following intrauterine growth restriction
Background This study emphasizes the potential of folic acid (FA) supplementation in controlling intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR)-induced metabolic problems and improving the long-term health consequences of afflicted individuals. Objectives This study investigates the effect of IUGR on long-term lipid metabolism in the liver, and the role of early-life FA supplementation on IUGR-induced metabolic dysfunctions. We aim to provide novel insights for early interventions to prevent the development of lipid metabolism abnormalities in adulthood. Methods The IUGR model was induced by feeding pregnant rats a 10% low protein diet. After birth, lactating mothers were provided with a 21% normal protein diet. Offspring were initially breastfed and assigned to either an FA-supplemented diet or a standard diet without FA. Serum levels of total free fatty acids and triglycerides were measured by ELISA. Liver tissues were harvested for Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) to observe the liver structure. The expression of PPARα, Acox1, Acox3 and CPT1 in the liver tissues was analyzed using Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western Blot (WB). Results Levels of serum triglycerides (TG) and free fatty acids (FFA) were significantly higher in IUGR rats compared to control rats from the early stages and remained elevated through to 90 days of age. The HE results displayed an irregular arrangement of hepatocytes at birth in IUGR rats, and hepatocellular vacuoles by 90 days of age in the IUGR rats. The level of lipid-related genes was significantly low in the IUGR group, including PPARα, Acox1, Acox3 and CPT1. Early postnatal folic acid supplementation significantly decreased serum levels of TG and FFA, ameliorated the pathological changes in the livers and reversed the expression of lipid-related genes. Conclusions IUGR individuals are predisposed to lipid metabolism abnormalities in adulthood, which can be ameliorated by postnatal supplementation of FA, potentially serving as a therapeutic method.
Fine-scale temporal and spatial dynamics of Ae. albopictus response to larviciding with Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis in Heidelberg, Germany
Abstract The mosquito Aedes albopictus is expanding across Europe, raising concerns due to its ability to transmit arboviruses. The larvicide Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (Bti) plays a central role in controlling the spread of Ae. albopictus . The objective of this study is to assess the temporal effectiveness of Bti as a control method using fine-scale spatiotemporal data and a distributed lag non-linear modelling framework. We analyzed 1,320 ovitrap observations from 195 traps alongside records of 4,387 Bti treatments and local environmental conditions for the entire 2023 mosquito season in Heidelberg, Germany. Bti treatments produced a clear reduction in egg counts, with the strongest marginal effects occurring 6–13 days after treatment with efficacy diminishing thereafter at lower treatment counts, while higher counts demonstrated sustained effects. Cumulatively, Bti was highly effective at reducing egg counts even at moderate treatment levels, and a counterfactual no Bti scenario suggested that Bti treatments reduced seasonal egg production by an estimated 41.9% (95% CI 24.4% – 58.5%) and prevented total establishment across the study site. These results demonstrate that Bti can substantially reduce Ae. albopictus populations in urban settings, though its limited temporal efficacy underscores the need for repeated interventions to prevent establishment and spread.
Influence of pin length on interfacial characteristics and tensile properties of friction-stir-butt-welded AA1060/Q235 clad plates
This study explores friction stir butt welding of AA1060/Q235 clad plates to address the chemical industry’s need for robust aluminum/steel clad joints. To manage the formation of intermetallic compounds, we employed FSW tools with varying pin lengths, enabling simultaneous welding of the interfacial transition zone and the cladding fusion zone. The pin length significantly influenced joint tensile strength by affecting three key factors: the thickness of the IMC layer, the effective thickness of the steel region, and interfacial microcracking. Optimal tensile strength was achieved when the pin length was adjusted so that its tip precisely reached the Al/steel interface. Although the study is constrained by the number of process parameters, the observed trends illuminate the initial correlations between processing conditions, interfacial characteristics, and mechanical performance. This underscores the necessity of balancing IMC growth with interfacial integrity.
Conformable advection-dispersion models for radioactive waste migration: Robin-type condition and moment analysis
Boryl Homolytic Aromatic Substitution Enables Radical Borylation via Inverted B–H Polarity of Hydroborane
Thyrostroma parviniae sp. nov., causing bud necrosis and branch dieback in fig trees from Iran
Surveys were conducted in commercial fig orchards in Fars Province, Iran, from 2023 to 2024, focusing on symptomatic trees showing bud necrosis, branch dieback, and wood discoloration. Isolates with characteristic features of the genus Thyrostroma were isolated from diseased samples in Estahban, Ij, Qalat, and Shiraz Counties. Phylogenetic analyses using multigene sequence data from the tef1 , tub2 , ITS, and LSU loci, combined with morphological characteristics, revealed a new species of Thyrostroma , described here as Thyrostroma parviniae sp. nov. All T. parviniae sp. nov. isolates induced necrotic lesions on detached shoots, and principal component analysis showed a high degree of variation in aggressiveness. Pathogenicity was unequivocally established via Koch’s postulates, with artificial inoculations on fig saplings reproducing field symptoms on shoots, stems, and buds. Given its broad tissue tropism and ability to infect unwounded tissues in fig orchards, we hypothesize that T. parviniae sp. nov. may utilize airborne or latent infection mechanisms. This represents a key area for future investigation. The pathogen specifically targets primary buds, which are the most productive, indicating a significant potential for yield loss. Considering that figs are a widely traded commodity and plant material is transported internationally, the pathogen’s emergence poses a serious threat to global fig production. This threat warrants urgent research into molecular diagnostics, host range expansion risks, cultivar susceptibility, and climate-influenced epidemiology to guide effective fig disease management.
An improved sinh cosh optimizer for optimal scheduling of a microgrid with multi-energy resources and storage considering different weather conditions
Tyr39 Phosphorylation of α-Synuclein Accelerates Heterotypic Aggregation and Drives Toxic Amplification
Retraction: Consumption quota compilation based on BP artificial neural network algorithm in mechanical and electrical installation engineering of prefabricated buildings
Lattice-engineered site symmetry control of Bi3⁺ activators for tunable luminescence and latent fingerprint detection
Tailored Manganese-Catalyzed Enantioconvergent Hydrophosphination to Access Remote <i>P</i> , <i>C</i> -Stereogenic Phosphines
Associations between naturally occurring school engagement with public health units and adolescent mental health
Objective This study examined whether schools’ engagement with their local public health unit (PHU) regarding mental health was associated with adolescent anxiety and depression. Methods Linked longitudinal data from 2017−18 and 2018−19 of the COMPASS study was used. Adolescent (n = 27 473) anxiety and depressive symptoms were self-reported via questionnaire. School (n = 112) engagement with their local PHU regarding mental health was reported via administrative survey. Multilevel logistic regression was used to model the association between school PHU engagement and adolescent anxiety and depression. Results Adolescents attending schools that engaged with their local PHU had greater odds of anxiety at baseline (OR = 1.30, 95%CI: 1.10, 1.53) and the probability was higher over time compared to adolescents who attended schools with no PHU engagement. Similar results were found regarding the odds of depression at baseline (OR = 1.18, 95%CI: 1.02, 1.36). No differences in the likelihood of depression over time were observed. Conclusion Based on these findings, school engagement with their local PHU may be associated with student anxiety and depression. However, more research over a longer time frame and with more detailed measures of PHU engagement is needed.
Correction: Xiaoyao San against depression via glia-mediated neuroinflammation using network pharmacology and experimental validation
The paradoxical effect of oral prednisone in granulomatous lobular mastitis: An observational cohort study
Background Despite being a cornerstone therapy for granulomatous lobular mastitis (GLM), the use of oral prednisone lacks a standardized protocol due to undefined optimal parameters and insufficient large-scale evidence regarding its impact on disease recurrence. Objectives The retrospective cohort study comprehensively assessed the efficacy of oral prednisone for GLM by utilizing a large-scale cohort. It aimed to identify the optimal therapeutic protocol, with the ultimate aim of establishing a robust evidence base to inform standardized clinical guidelines. Methods A cohort of 614 patients diagnosed with GLM was included in this study from January 2017 to December 2024. A three-dimensional evaluation of treatment timing (symptom-to-treatment interval), duration, and initial dosage (both absolute and weight-adjusted) was performed to identify prognostic factors and optimal cutoffs. Results Oral prednisone was identified as an independent risk factor for recurrence (HR = 2.534, 95% CI: 1.615–3.975, P < 0.001). Survival curve analysis revealed that the 1-year recurrence rate was significantly higher in the oral prednisone group than in the non-prednisone group (29.4% vs. 14.6%, P = 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that the long-interval, low-dose group (symptom-to-treatment interval > 6 weeks, dosage ≤ 0.4 mg/kg/day) yielded the most favorable results. The one-year recurrence rate of this group (6.2%) was significantly lower than other groups (all P < 0.05) and comparable to the non-prednisone group (14.6%, P = 0.233). Conversely, the short-interval group (symptom-to-treatment interval: 0–6 weeks) demonstrated the highest one-year relapse rate (33.5%), significantly exceeding that of the non-prednisone group (P < 0.001). Conclusions While oral prednisone therapy may be associated with an increased relapse risk in GLM, an optimized protocol—initiating treatment after a 6-week symptom interval at a dose of ≤ 0.4 mg/kg/day—was identified to mitigate this risk. These findings highlight the paramount importance of treatment timing and dosage, offering a data-driven strategy to refine current therapeutic practices. Prospective studies are warranted to validate this proposed regimen.
Identifying and ranking drivers of green manufacturing for sustainable industrial practices
Abstract This research investigates the critical factors that influence the adoption and effectiveness of green manufacturing in Indian industries. Drawing on survey data from 100 firms across Uttar Pradesh, twelve key drivers were identified and evaluated to understand their relative importance in shaping sustainable practices. A total of 100 firms were approached, out of which 45 complete responses were used for random forest modelling. The study highlights the central role of economic benefits, business reputation, regulatory compliance, and stakeholder engagement in advancing green initiatives. Validation with industry experts confirmed the practical relevance of these findings, which align with measurable improvements in energy efficiency, waste reduction, and production optimization. The analysis demonstrates that firms prioritizing high-impact drivers achieve notable gains in both environmental performance and competitiveness. While the study is region-specific, the framework is adaptable to other sectors and geographies. The results provide managers and policymakers with actionable insights to allocate resources more effectively and design strategies that accelerate the transition toward sustainable manufacturing systems. This work bridges the gap between theoretical models and industrial application, contributing to both academic discourse and real-world implementation of environmentally responsible production.
Chiral Isourea-Catalyzed Enantioselective Carbene Insertion into an N–H Bond through a Double Proton-Transfer Process
Objective differences and pathway differentiation between twin subtypes within the same IDDSI level: A texture–nutrition analysis based on commonly consumed foods among Chinese elderly
Objective This study adopts a “pathway‐priority” perspective to systematically quantify the texture–moisture–nutrition continuum of elderly‐preferred food ingredients commonly consumed in China under the International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative (IDDSI) framework. It focuses on intra‐level differentiation between “twin‐type/pathway pairs” (MO3 vs. LQ3, EX4 vs. PU4, EC7 vs. RG7), aiming to reveal objective distinctions in texture and nutritional orientation across pathways and to provide quantitative evidence for dietary level classification and prescription substitution in dysphagia management. Methods Twenty‐six representative food ingredients were collected from seven major Chinese dietary regions through Python‐based web crawling. According to IDDSI classification, samples were grouped into the liquid pathway (Levels 0–2, MO3, EX4) and food pathway (LQ3, PU4, Levels 5–7 including EC7/RG7). A TA.New Plus texture analyzer was used to measure hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness. Nutritional components per 100 g—including energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, and dietary fiber—were calculated using Huaxi Hospital Nutrition software. Statistical analyses included Mann–Whitney U tests with Cliff’s δ for twin‐type comparisons, Spearman correlation and Theil–Sen slope analysis for monotonic trends within pathways, and Kruskal–Wallis followed by Dunn–Bonferroni tests for intra‐level differences among food categories. False discovery rate (FDR–BH) correction was applied, with significance set at q ≤ 0.05. Results (1) In twin‐type comparisons, MO3, EX4, and EC7 exhibited significantly lower hardness and energy density but higher moisture content (q ≤ 0.05), whereas LQ3, PU4, and RG7 contained higher energy and protein levels, reflecting hydration‐safety orientation in liquid pathways versus structural‐nutritional orientation in food pathways. (2) Within‐pathway analyses showed that the liquid pathway (Levels 0 → 4) followed a “thickening–hardening–dehydrating” monotonic trend, with increasing hardness and energy but decreasing adhesiveness and moisture. The food pathway (Levels 3 → 7) displayed a “structuring–hardening–dehydrating–energizing” trajectory, indicating enhanced granularity and nutritional concentration. (3) Significant texture differences among food categories within the same level were observed (ε² = 0.37–0.67, q ≤ 0.05), suggesting that “same level ≠ interchangeable.”. (4) The established “safety–nutrition balance window” identified key control zones: moisture 88.9–96.8 g/100 g and hardness 100–160 N/m² for MO3/EX4, and energy 70–324 kcal/100 g for PU4/RG7, providing practical references for clinical and process optimization. Conclusion Twin subtypes within the same IDDSI level exhibit systematic differences in texture and nutrition, confirming the hypothesis that “same level ≠ interchangeable.” The liquid pathway emphasizes safety and hydration, while the food pathway prioritizes structure and nutrient density. By constructing an intra‐pathway “texture–nutrition continuum” and safety–nutrition balance window, this study offers quantitative evidence for pathway selection, diet prescription, and quality control in dysphagia management. Future work should integrate VFSS/FEES imaging and clinical outcomes to map laboratory metrics to swallowing safety, facilitating translation from experimental assessment to clinical application.
A hybrid architecture with bidirectional gating mechanism for spatiotemporal air quality prediction
Abstract Accurate air quality prediction plays a crucial role in supporting various socio-economic activities, including agriculture, transportation, and disaster prevention. While traditional numerical air quality prediction methods and single-model deep learning approaches struggle to capture complex spatiotemporal dependencies, this study proposes a CNN-Transformer-LSTM model with a Bidirectional Gating Mechanism, termed BG-Hybrid, which dynamically balances local spatial features (CNN) and global temporal dependencies (Transformer) through the bidirectional gating core. The BG-Hybrid model enables adaptive feature fusion by projecting pooled features from both the two branches into sigmoid-activated weights ( $$\alpha , \beta$$ ), where $$\beta = 1 - \alpha$$ , ensuring information conservation. In terms of predictive performance, the model outperforms baseline models in error reduction and surpasses conventional hybrid architectures. This performance advantage is coupled with robust generalizability across diverse datasets, suggesting potential application in real-world scenarios.