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A characteristic mode analysis-based isolation enhancement for a THz MIMO antenna
Abstract The terahertz (THz) frequency range has attracted research interest due to its wide available spectrum and short wavelengths. This work provides a comprehensive analysis of an wideband THz multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) antenna that uses a neutralization line (NL) to reduce inter-element interference. A standard circular patch antenna is modified by reducing the ground plane to create a wideband THz antenna. Furthermore, a four-port THz MIMO antenna is produced by horizontally and vertically replicating the designed THz antenna with a size of 46 × 46 × 2 µm 3 . A hybrid decoupling structure consisting of a transformed ground plane and a rectangular-shaped neutralization line reduces the inevitable mutual coupling between the MIMO elements. The proposed THz MIMO antenna exhibits isolation greater than 22 dB over the operational frequency range of 3.3–11.1 THz. The proposed THz MIMO antenna is analyzed for radiation properties and diversity features, such as ECC < 0.1, DG > 9.5 dB, MEG≤-6 dB, TARC < -10 dB, CCL < 0.2 bps/Hz, and ME < 0 dB. The results validate the effectiveness of the CMA-based isolation enhancement framework within the investigated THz frequency range under full-wave electromagnetic simulation.
The Drosophila tyramine beta-hydroxylase gene is required for ethanol tolerance
Abstract Tyramine beta-hydroxylase (Tbh) is required for octopamine synthesis. To better understand the function of Tbh in neurotransmitter synthesis in Drosophila melanogaster , we analyzed the molecular genetic organization of the Tbh gene and found that it encodes multiple transcripts. The transcripts differed in their 5′ untranslated region, and the resulting proteins differed in size. We identified new Tbh alleles and generated a new D. melanogaster Tbh mutant, Tbh Del3 , using FLP/FRT recombination mutagenesis to remove the translational start site that was still present in Tbh nM18 mutants. The Tbh Del3 mutants shared ethanol tolerance and larval locomotion defects with the Tbh nM18 mutants. However, they differed in their cellular stress response. While Tbh nM18 mutants exhibited increased ethanol resistance following heat shock, the Tbh Del3 mutant did not achieve a similar level of resistance. To develop normal levels of ethanol tolerance, Tbh is required in a subset of neurons in the adult brain, which was identified with a newly generated Tbh -Gal4 driver. Both Tbh overexpression and reduction resulted in reduced tolerance, suggesting that Tbh levels need to be tightly controlled. These results improve our understanding of neurotransmitter synthesis and Tbh-dependent behavior.
A hybrid approach based on deep feature extraction and machine learning classification for structural damage detection in concrete structures
Efficacy of a snare-based hybrid endoscopic submucosal dissection technique in the management of esophageal submucosal tumors
Agreement between official race data and a high-end sports tracker for a Paralympic rower
Abstract Race data containing speed and stroke rate per 50m, provided by World Rowing, were compared with measurements using an ASI AdMos sensor, which is a high-end sports tracker, to assess the agreement between the two measurement systems. Twelve races in 2022, 2023, and 2024 were considered. All measurements were of the same rower competing in the Paralympic PR1 W1x class. The race data speed was compared with speed calculated from the GNSS data of the AdMos sensor, while stroke rate was compared with the stroke rate calculated from the surge acceleration of the IMU data of the AdMos sensor. Comparisons were made for each 50m segment. Additionally, official 500m split times were used to assess the accuracy of both the race data and the AdMos measurements. The absolute difference between the race data and the AdMos measurements was within rounding tolerance in 312 of 480 segments (65%) for speed and 410 of 480 segments (85%) for stroke rate. The comparison of mean speed per 50m segment revealed a mean absolute difference (MAD) of 0.05ms $$^{-1}$$ (mean absolute relative difference: 1.6%). The speed difference was largest in the first 50m of the race, with a MAD equal to 0.39ms $$^{-1}$$ (12%). If comparing the race data with the AdMos speed of the last stroke before each segment end, the difference in the first 50m reduced to 0.12ms $$^{-1}$$ (3.3%). The MAD in stroke rate was 0.3 strokes per minute (1.0%). Compared to the official 500m split times, the MAD of the AdMos was 0.3s (0.2%), whereas calculation of the 500m splits from the race data yielded a MAD equal to 1.0s (0.7%). World Rowing’s official 50m race data showed good agreement with the high-end sports tracker in most segments, but the systems diverged considerably for speed in the first segment. Practitioners should verify data characteristics before using official race data for high-precision biomechanical or pacing analyses.
Occupational hearing loss and job stress among industrial workers in Markazi Province Iran using structural equation modeling
A multi-gene urinary extracellular vesicle mRNA panel as a non-invasive biomarkers for prostate cancer detection
Impact of various storage media and time on mechanical properties of bovine root dentin
Abstract In-vitro-studies usually require extracted teeth, which have been stored over an extended period of time. It can be assumed that storage solutions and time may alter the mechanical properties of dentin. The aim of this study was to examine Martens hardness parameters of bovine dentin with regard to the storage medium and storage time for up to 6 months. Standardized root dentin bars from extracted bovine incisors were stored in thymol 0.1%, chloramine-T 0.5%, formalin 10% and double distilled water. At baseline and after storage periods of 1, 3, and 6 months, samples were analyzed regarding Martens hardness, indentation hardness, indentation modulus, and indentation creep (linear mixed-effects regression models). Within 3 months of storage at the latest, all solutions showed significantly reduced values for Martens and indentation hardness. Regarding the indentation modulus, a reduction was observed for all groups at 6 months at the latest. In general, chloramine-T was shown to have the least impact on the mechanical properties of bovine dentin. Within the limitations of this study, storage medium and time should always be considered when conducting studies on the mechanical properties of bovine dentin, including any unfavorable changes of the dental hard tissues.
Sensory characteristics and biochemical basis of small-leaf group varieties of Chinese Sichuan black tea
A time-series analysis of the short-term effects of daily PM2.5 exposure on cause-specific mortality in Mashhad, Iran (2019–2024)
Abstract Fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) is a major environmental risk factor associated with increased mortality from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases worldwide. This study examined the short-term association between daily PM 2.5 exposure and cause-specific mortality in Mashhad, a large metropolitan city in northeastern Iran, over the period from March 2019 to March 2024. Daily concentrations of PM 2.5 were obtained from a city-wide air quality monitoring network, and mortality data for ischemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, acute lower respiratory infection, asthma, and lung cancer were collected from official health records. A time-series analysis was conducted using generalized additive models with a quasi-Poisson distribution to estimate relative risks and 95% confidence intervals associated with a 10 µg/m³ increase in PM 2.5 concentrations. Both single-day lag effects (0–5 days) and cumulative lag effects were evaluated, while accounting for temporal trends and meteorological variables. The results showed that short-term increases in PM 2.5 concentrations were significantly associated with higher mortality from ischemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and acute lower respiratory infection, with the strongest effects generally observed at lag days 4–5 and cumulative lag periods. No statistically significant short-term associations were detected for asthma or lung cancer mortality. In addition, PM 2.5 concentrations consistently exceeded the World Health Organization guideline during most of the study period, indicating sustained population exposure to elevated air pollution levels. These findings provide evidence that short-term exposure to PM 2.5 contributes to increased cause-specific mortality in an urban Middle Eastern setting and highlight the public health importance of effective air pollution control strategies to reduce preventable deaths.
High-throughput phenomic survey of seed morphological diversity in common and tartary buckwheat germplasm
Unsupervised multimodal deep learning for galaxy morphology taxonomy: integrating ConvNeXtEmbeddings and morphological parameters for scalable survey science
Abstract The rapid growth of astronomical imaging data from next-generation surveys necessitates automated and scalable approaches to galaxy morphology classification that transcend the limitations of supervised methods requiring manual labels. We present an unsupervised multimodal deep learning framework that integrates ConvNeXt-derived visual embeddings with quantitative morphological parameters including concentration, asymmetry, smoothness, Gini, and M20 to uncover natural taxonomic structures within galaxy populations. Using a strictly purged and physically verified sample of 4950 galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, we engineered a PyTorch-based Multimodal Autoencoder (MAE) to compress features into a dense 64-dimensional bottleneck, successfully resolving the inherent dimensionality imbalance. Clustering was executed exclusively within this robust latent space utilizing a probabilistic Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM). An explicit ablation study confirmed that this multimodal architecture optimizes structural cohesion compared to isolated modalities. Furthermore, we established the astrophysical integrity of the unsupervised clusters through a new proxy external validation against classical heuristic constraints, achieving a 52.7% baseline alignment. By utilizing GMM log-likelihoods, we isolated extreme physical anomalies (limiting the noise fraction to 2.0%), producing a physically coherent taxonomy that maps seamlessly to Early-Type, Late-Type, and Interacting systems. Each galaxy was processed in ~ 27.6 ms, demonstrating strong scalability for upcoming large-scale surveys such as LSST and Roman. This study establishes a foundation for unsupervised morphology analysis at survey scale, advancing our understanding of galaxy evolution through multimodal deep representation learning.
Chaotic cosine and logistic map based robust image encryption with dual-stage confusion–diffusion architecture
Evaluation of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) genotypes using genotype by trait (GT) and genotype by yield × trait (GYT) methods
Dynamic expert routing with boundary-aware decoding for accurate brain tumor segmentation from incomplete MRI data
Does fear of technology shape social acceptance of autonomous vehicles in Poland? conclusions from cross-sectional study using structural equation modelling
Retrofitted conversion of a Maruti Alto gasoline engine to compressed natural gas for sustainable mobility
Urban safety and the role of hydrant structure and configuration
Abstract Fire hydrants are critical to urban fire response, giving emergency personnel access to water to protect communities and property. In coastal California’s Mediterranean climate, with hot, dry summers and occasional strong winds, understanding how hydrant networks, urban form, and response operations influence structure fire outcomes is essential. This study examines past structure fire incidents in urban areas of Santa Barbara County to (i) better understand where fires occur and (ii) identify drivers of loss and occurrence, with particular attention to how hydrant infrastructure relates to these outcomes. Spatial mapping is combined with statistical models of incident counts and monetary losses. Fires are primarily clustered around major activity centers. While hydrant availability is not associated with incident occurrence, population and housing density are primary predictors of where incidents occur. Loss severity increases with total suppression time and property area, and incidents beginning near dawn have substantially higher expected losses. After controlling for operational factors and property type, hydrant proximity and code-compliant access are not independently associated with loss magnitude, suggesting that damage in this setting is more sensitive to time to control than to differences in hydrant proximity. These findings support density-focused prevention efforts and call attention to reducing suppression time to limit damage.