Browse Articles

An enhanced adaptive elephant herding optimization based on hybrid cuckoo search algorithm and elite opposition-based learning

Abstract This study proposes a hybrid variant of Elephant Herding Optimization that combines an adaptive clan-updating schedule, Lévy-flight exploration from Cuckoo Search, and elite opposition-based sampling. The design targets three known limitations—premature convergence, imbalance between exploration and exploitation, and slow late-stage progress—by (i) nonlinearly annealing clan influence across iterations, (ii) applying long-range moves exclusively to clan leaders, and (iii) injecting diversity around elite candidates. On ten standard benchmarks, the proposed method achieves faster convergence and lower error than EHO, PSO, SCA, and EHO-based hybrids.For example, it reaches the global optimum on F6 and attains a mean error on F1 that is 12.8× lower than that of PSO under identical evaluation budgets. A signal-processing case study (Wiener spline filter design) further demonstrates transferability to an industry-relevant task. We analyze parameter sensitivity, provide a time-complexity breakdown, and discuss limitations. The approach offers a systematic and generalizable hybrid framework that balances broad exploration early with precise exploitation late.

Self-focused rumination links stressful events to depressive and anxiety symptoms in older adults with depressive symptoms: path and network analyses

Plasma circulating free DNA in chronic schizophrenia: a case-control study

Design and implementation of a hybrid machine learning framework for predicting heart rate status

Interactions between vertical migration and local oceanography drive microplastic exposure for Antarctic krill

Abstract Euphausiids play important roles in ecosystems worldwide, transferring energy from primary producers to secondary consumers. Antarctic krill are the most abundant euphausiid on Earth and play important roles as critically important species in Southern Ocean ecosystems. Microplastics have been found throughout the Southern Ocean ecosystem, including krill. Here, we examine where krill and microplastics interact throughout the coastal ocean of the West Antarctic Peninsula. Using a physical ocean model to simulate the transport of vertically migrating krill and drifting microplastics, we identified several hotspots around the Antarctic Peninsula where both are consistently found in higher than average abundances. The extent of the overlap was modulated by both currents in the near-surface (< 50 m) and deep (> 50 m) ocean, and the vertical migration behaviors of Antarctic krill. Therefore, in order to understand the impacts of microplastics, we need to evaluate overlap in the context of euphausiid behavior and oceanographic conditions.

Carboplatin with or without nivolumab in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer: a randomized phase II trial

Quantum-enhanced federated blockchain for privacy-preserving cardiovascular intelligence

Dysfunction of a SET3-like complex underlies a family of related neurological disorders

Abstract TBLR1 is a subunit of the NCoR corepressor complex that is mutated in a range of neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, we report that TBLR1 functions as a molecular scaffold that physically connects ANKRD11 and SETD5 – two of the most frequently mutated proteins in neurodevelopmental disorders – and links them to the rest of the NCoR complex. The resulting assembly resembles the yeast SET3 complex (SET3C) – a transcriptional regulator. Pathogenic missense mutations in TBLR1, ANKRD11 and SETD5 disrupt this assembly, and an engineered mutation that specifically abolishes SETD5 incorporation into SET3C causes severe developmental impairments in mice. Disruptions of mammalian SET3C components cause highly correlated changes in gene expression – including upregulation of already highly transcribed genes. Together, our results reveal that failure of transcriptional regulation by SET3C is a convergent molecular basis for a family of neurodevelopmental disorders.

PHDReader: police handwritten document recognition method based on VLM with EI-LFT using FP-EESR and MFE-GLS

Subsidence more than doubles sea-level rise today along densely populated coasts

Abstract Despite its strong influence on relative sea-level (RSL) rise, there is still low confidence in estimates of vertical land motion (VLM) and its contribution to RSL change. To address this problem, we synergize diverse VLM data, which now cover almost 65% of the coastal population, and are key to resolve small scale subsidence, including East, South, and Southeast Asian cities and populated deltaic regions, largely not covered by earlier geodetic measurements. We find that the average modern (1995-2020) global RSL rise experienced by coastal populations (6 mm/year) is about twice the climate-driven absolute sea-level rise. This reflects a strong tendency for higher rates of subsidence in densely populated areas, with 71% of the global coastal population living in subsiding regions. Paired with community efforts to extend consistent observations, these data are essential to ensure reliable estimates of present and future RSL rise to support risk and adaptation assessment.

Second-order variational analysis of PV–battery energy management using jacobi equations

A molecular basis for stoichiometric enzyme encapsulation in the vitamin B2 biosynthesis compartment

Abstract Encapsulating metabolic enzymes within protein cages enhances catalytic efficiency through substrate channeling. The vitamin B2 biosynthesis system, in which a dodecahedral lumazine synthase (LS) cage encapsulates a homotrimeric riboflavin synthase (RS), exemplifies this strategy, yet the molecular basis for this stoichiometric enzyme encapsulation has remained elusive. Here, cryogenic electron microscopy structures reveal a hierarchical assembly mechanism that ensures the defined host-guest ratio. RS C-terminal cage-localization signal peptides anchor at LS pentamer-pentamer interfaces early during assembly, stabilizing open intermediates that, together with delayed later-stage cage closure, extend the loading window until guest incorporation is complete. RS spatial occupancy avoids overloading, while a molecular lock upon final closure prevents disassembly. The elucidated anchoring mechanism enabled structure-based phylogenetic analysis across diverse organisms, suggesting multiple independent evolutionary origins of this modular encapsulation strategy. This naturally occurring architecture provides design principles for engineering synthetic catalytic compartments with programmable stoichiometric control.

Application of filters in the mapping of potential gold-bearing structures using magnetic and radiometric data

ZIF-8 membrane-based cryo-stripping of trace impurities towards electronic grade C3H6 production

TmKayak functions as an effector of Jun N-terminal kinase pathway to modulate immune responses in Tenebrio molitor

Precision fMRI reveals that the language network exhibits adult-like left-hemispheric lateralization by 4 years of age

Abstract In adults, left hemisphere (LH) damage often leads to aphasia, but many cases of early damage leave linguistic processing intact, with a functional language system developing in the right hemisphere. To explain this early apparent equipotentiality of the two hemispheres for language, some have proposed that the language system is more bilateral during early development and becomes increasingly left-lateralized with age. We examined language lateralization using fMRI in two large developmental cohorts (total n  = 273 children aged 4-16 years; n  = 107 adults). Strong, adult-like LH lateralization (in response magnitude and activation volume) was evident by age 4, although other features of the LH language network showed protracted development, including the magnitude of language response and the strength of functional connectivity. Thus, although the RH can take over language function in some cases of early brain damage, this plasticity occurs in spite of adult-level LH bias present by age 4 years.

Genetic polymorphism of Plasmodium falciparum MSP-2 (3D7/IC) and multiplicity of infection in N’Djamena, Chad

Catalytic Markovnikov hydrophosphorylation of unactivated olefins via a radical-polar crossover rearrangement

Abstract The phosphorylation of alkenes offers a diverse handle for obtaining organophosphoryls, but its regioselectivity still faces challenges, especially the radical Markovnikov hydrophosphorylation of alkenes. Herein, we develop a radical Markovnikov hydrophosphorylation of unactivated alkenes by a sequential reaction of (bis)homoallylic alcohols, Ph 2 PCl, and water under visible light-driven triple catalysis. The protocol initiates from a Co-H species-mediated metal-hydride atom transfer, followed by a water-mediated radical-polar crossover phosphinite rearrangement. This reaction features mild reaction conditions, excellent regio-/stereoselectivity, and good natural products compatibility. The successful radical deuterophosphonation of olefins by using D 2 O to replace H 2 O further demonstrates the synthetic value of the protocol. This protocol not only broadens the mode of phosphinite rearrangement, but also provides a successful example for the radical activation of water and its three-atom splitting and utilization in organic conversion.

Leveraging LLMs and social media to understand user perception of smartphone-based earthquake early warnings

De novo design of peptides localizing at the interface of biomolecular condensates

Abstract The interface of biomolecular condensates plays a key role in processes such as protein aggregation and biochemical reactions, making it an attractive target for engineering condensates. However, the molecular grammar that drives preferential localization to condensate interfaces remains poorly understood. Here, we develop a computational pipeline that integrates high-throughput coarse-grained simulations, machine learning, and mixed-integer linear programming to design peptides that partition at the interfaces of defined condensate targets. We validated the workflow by designing and synthesizing peptides that localize at the interface of three distinct condensates formed by intrinsically disordered protein regions. These peptides exhibit surfactant-like architectures. Specifically, one tail inserts into the condensate and is enriched in aromatic residues, while the opposite tail is excluded from the dense phase, with its sequence varying according to the scaffold’s net charge. Overall, our pipeline offers a general strategy for rationally designing interface-localizing peptides and for unraveling the governing design principles.