Browse Articles

Wide‐Range Color‐Tunable Narrowband Fluorescence Emitters Based on 1,2‐BN‐Embedded Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

ABSTRACT Developing a generalizable design principle that reconciles wide‐range color tunability with intrinsically narrowband emission in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) remains a fundamental challenge in molecular optoelectronics. Herein, we combine the aromatic localization effect (ALE) with heteroatomic topology engineering to establish a versatile 1,2‐BN‐fluoranthene embedding strategy, implemented through a concise carbazole‐assisted borylation. This approach furnishes a modular family of [B–N] 2 PAHs whose emissions span the visible‐to‐near‐infrared range (429–703 nm) while retaining exceptionally narrow full widths at half maximum (FWHM) down to 14 nm. Their chromaticities satisfy the stringent BT.2020 display standard, with selected derivatives even reaching the ultra‐high‐purity ProPhoto RGB gamut, establishing a viable platform for wide‐color‐gamut OLEDs. Representative pyrene‐ and perylene‐based [B–N] 2 PAHs display near‐unity photoluminescence quantum yields (up to 99%) and ultrahigh horizontal transition dipole ratios (up to 98.0%), enabling outstanding electroluminescence performance. Devices based on these emitters exhibit emission peaks at 481 and 542 nm with narrow FWHMs of 19 and 29 nm, respectively and achieve maximum external quantum efficiencies (EQE max ) of 35.5% and 44.3%—the first fluorescent OLEDs to surpass the 40% EQE threshold. Importantly, 1,2‐BN‐embedded PAHs rival state‐of‐the‐art 1,4‐BN‐based multiple‐resonance (MR) emitters, while offering a substantially simpler, more general synthetic blueprint readily extendable to diverse PAH architectures.

Inhalation exposure and non-carcinogenic risk assessment of bacterial and fungal bioaerosols among wastewater treatment plants workers

Solvation‐Mediated Free Energy Stabilization Enables Li/CF _x Pouch Cells Over 800 Wh kg ⁻¹ via Minimizing Heat Dissipation

ABSTRACT Maximizing electrochemical energy conversion efficiency requires minimizing parasitic heat release. Li/CF x batteries, despite their high theoretical energy density (>2100 Wh kg −1 ), suffer from severe voltage loss and thermal accumulation that compromise both performance and safety. Here, we identify that parasitic decomposition of a metastable intermediate phase (C[F – ·Li + ·Sol n ]) constitutes the primary energy loss pathway that dissipates chemical energy as heat instead of electricity. By introducing a solvation‐mediated Gibbs free energy stabilization strategy via strengthening the Li + –solvent interaction, we delay the premature decomposition of C[F – ·Li + ·Sol n ] intermediate and promote the conversion of chemical energy to electrical output. This approach reduces heat generation by 39.6% and elevates the discharge voltage from 2.50–2.92 V. Practical multi‐ampere‐hour pouch cells (6–20 Ah) achieve stable discharge plateaus near 2.90 V and record cell‐level energy densities of 816–830 Wh kg − 1 . This work establishes a thermodynamic paradigm of solvation‐mediated free‐energy tuning for high‐energy‐density Li/CF x battery technologies.

Tumor-derived type IX collagen regulates dormancy in triple-negative breast cancer cells

Isoreticular Modulation of Electrical Conduction and Magnetic Properties in Semiconducting Lanthanide‐based Metal−Organic Frameworks

ABSTRACT The integration of tunable magnetic properties and electrical conductivity within a single material presents significant opportunities for spintronic applications and quantum information processing. This paper describes the first systematic investigation of electrical conduction and magnetism in four novel isostructural electrically conductive metal−organic frameworks (cMOFs), Ln‐HHTP (Ln = Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb), constructed using lanthanide ions and hexahydroxytriphenylene (HHTP) ligands. These materials show tunable semiconducting properties arising from efficient interlayer charge transport, which can be modulated by the density of states of the metal centers. Ln‐HHTP cMOFs exhibit different magnetic properties, with magnetic interactions varying from antiferromagnetism in Tb‐HHTP to ferromagnetism in Gd‐HHTP and Sm‐HHTP. The magnetic properties in Ln‐HHTP are modulated by single‐ion anisotropies of Ln 3+ spins and inherent geometric frustration within the kagome lattice. Moreover, Gd‐HHTP and Tb‐HHTP demonstrate robust quantum tunneling of magnetization. This work advances the understanding of cMOF magnets and underscores their potential as tunable platforms for next‐generation spintronic and quantum technologies.

Beetroot juice modulates physiological responses and accelerates recovery during the special judo performance: a randomized trial

Iron availability modulates bacteria carbon cycling in the mesopelagic

Temporally rigorous and traceable predictive maintenance via joint labeler-model optimization

Selective Glycine Electrosynthesis via C‐N Coupling Enabled by Synergistic Mott–Schottky Heterojunction and Oxygen Vacancies

ABSTRACT Glycine, an indispensable amino acid essential for diverse biological processes, remains challenging to synthesize directly via electrosynthesis from simple carbon and nitrogen precursors. Herein, we report a highly efficient electrochemical route for glycine production through the reductive coupling of oxalic acid (H 2 C 2 O 4 ) with hydroxylamine (NH 2 OH) or nitrate (NO 3 − ) over a Mott–Schottky Sn/SnO 2 heterojunction catalyst enriched with oxygen vacancies. When employing H 2 C 2 O 4 and NH 2 OH as feedstocks, a remarkable Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 91.6% for glycine is achieved at −0.7 V versus RHE, alongside a high yield of 135 mmol g cat. −1  h −1 . To the best of our knowledge, this represents one of the best performances ever reported in this system. The catalyst also shows strong substrate versatility, enabling efficient glycine formation when NO 3 − (in situ reduced to NH 2 OH) couples with glyoxylic acid or H 2 C 2 O 4 . Mechanistic studies indicate that the Mott–Schottky heterojunction significantly promotes the co‐adsorption of H 2 C 2 O 4 and NH 2 OH, while oxygen vacancies facilitate the hydrogenation of oxime intermediates to glycine. This study highlights the profound synergistic interplay between Mott–Schottky heterojunctions and oxygen vacancy defects in precisely modulating active sites and accelerating reaction kinetics, thereby offering a sustainable strategy for the green electrosynthesis of amino acids.

Glucocorticoids induce a phagocytic C1Q+ macrophage phenotype primed for IFNγ-dependent CXCL9 secretion

Abstract Glucocorticoids are an emerging component of the tumor microenvironment and play a multifaceted role in modulating immune responses. Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare endocrine malignancy characterized by systemic cortisol excess in ~ 60% of cases. Responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in patients with ACC are variable, and currently, no reliable biomarkers exist to predict therapeutic outcomes. Here, in vitro- differentiated and glucocorticoid-polarized peripheral blood monocytes from healthy donors were characterized using NanoString nCounter gene expression analysis, western blotting, and ELISA. In vivo , ACC-bearing mice were treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors and mifepristone. In human ACC tumor samples, immunohistochemistry was employed to quantify intratumoral macrophages, while mass spectrometry was applied to measure steroid hormone concentrations. We report that ACC tumors are highly infiltrated by CD68+/CD163 + macrophages, independent of cortisol overproduction. In vitro , glucocorticoid exposure polarized macrophages towards a C1Q+ CD163 + subtype with enhanced phagocytic activity. Upon IFNγ stimulation, secretion of the T cell chemoattractant CXCL9 was higher in C1Q+ macrophages than in classical pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages. In ACC-bearing mice, treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors and concurrent blockade of the glucocorticoid receptor with mifepristone reduced tumoral CXCL9 expression and CD4 + T cell infiltration compared to ICI monotherapy. In ACC patient samples, intratumoral macrophage marker expression positively correlated with markers indicative of T cell infiltration and improved patient survival. Moreover, the percentage of macrophages detected by immunohistochemistry positively correlated with response to immunotherapy. Collectively, this study identifies a glucocorticoid-induced C1Q+ CD163 + macrophage phenotype that may contribute to T cell recruitment and enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy in ACC.

The Corvis ST analysis of underaged versus adults’ healthy eyes with comparable tomography detects softer corneas in children and adolescents as opposed to adults

Abstract This cross-sectional cohort study aimed to analyze whether corneal biomechanics differ between healthy eyes of different age, even if they appear tomographically identical. All volunteers underwent corneal Scheimpflug imaging (Pentacam) and biomechanical examination (Corvis ST, CST both Oculus, Germany). Three groups (G) were formed according to age: (G1) children aged 3–10 years ( n  = 250, 7.7 ± 1.9 years (mean ± standard deviation)), (G2) adolescents aged 11–20 years ( n  = 350, 15.3 ± 2.9 years) and (G3) adults ( n  = 100, 48.7 ± 13.8 years). Main tomographic outcome parameters were: flat anterior (K1F)/posterior (K1B) and steep anterior (K2F)/posterior (K2B) meridians, thinnest corneal thickness (TCT) and maximal anterior keratometry (Kmax). Considering biomechanics, these were deformation amplitude ratio 2 mm (DA ratio 2 mm), integrated radius (IR), Ambrósio Relational Thickness horizontal (ARTh), stiffness-parameter (SP-A1) and corneal velocity at inward applanation (A1 velocity), stress-strain-index (SSI), Corvis Biomechanical Index (CBI), Biomechanical E-Staging (BEST) and the CST-derived non-contact (IOPnct) and biomechanically adjusted intraocular pressure (bIOP). The groups were compared with Kruskal–Wallis one-way ANOVA and Dunn’s post test. The three groups G1–G3 were tomographically comparable ( p  > 0.05 for K1F/K1B/K2F/K2B/TCT/Kmax). Biomechanically, there was no difference for DA ratio 2 mm and ARTh between G1–G3. Significant differences were found for SP-A1 (G1 < G2< G3, p  = 0.0125), IR (G2 < G3, p  = 0.0288), A1 velocity (G1 < G2< G3, p  = 0.0027), SSI (G2 < G1< G3, p  < 0.0001), CBI (G3 < G2< G1, p  = 0.001), BEST (G3 < G2< G1, p  = 0.0015), IOPnct (G3 < G1< G2, p  = 0.0006) and bIOP (G3 < G2< G1, p  < 0.0001). There exist small, yet significant biomechanical differences in CST measurements between tomographically comparable healthy corneas in dependence of age indicating biomechanically weaker corneas in children than in adults.

Cyclobenzoin Macrocycles: Guest Capture and Applications in Energy Technologies

ABSTRACT Cyclobenzoins are organic macrocycles prepared by the benzoin condensation of aromatic dialdehydes. These compounds are easily derivatized into close to a dozen other macrocycle classes, which offer various supramolecular handles for the binding of environmentally and energy‐relevant species in the solution and the solid state. Tetrameric cyclotetrabenzoins and their esters have been shown to bind CO 2 and other linear guests in their square‐shaped central cavity, allowing their separation from competing species of different geometry. Cone‐shaped cyclotribenzoin esters engage inorganic anions through convergent [C–H···anion] interactions. Oxidized cyclotetrabenzoin—cyclotetrabenzil—is both a useful component of organic Li‐ion battery architectures and a versatile synthetic precursor to other macrocycle classes through various ketone/NH 2 condensation reaction. Hydrazones prepared by condensing cyclotetrabenzil with arylhydrazines have been shown to bind iodine from a variety of environments with capacities up to 4.15 g g −1 . Cyclotetrabenzil oximes have been studied in separations of C 2 and C 3 hydrocarbons, showing marked preferences for alkynes. New azaacene, cycloglycoluril, and azolophane derivatives prepared from cyclobenzils have been examined as optoelectronic materials, precursors to cucurbituril extended frameworks, and model systems for the studies of global aromaticity, respectively. This Minireview will summarize the cyclobenzoin research during the past decade and offer insights into possible future directions.

Improving dental implant design through a combined analysis of the insertion process and push-in test

Abstract This study examined the influence of key dental implant design parameters, including taper angle, thread thickness, thread pitch, and number of thread starts, on the primary stability (PS) indicators derived from insertion process and push-in test. Finite element models of nine implant designs, including a baseline and eight single-parameter variations, were developed. Simulations of implant insertion were performed to evaluate maximum insertion torque (MIT) and insertion energy (IE), followed by push-in tests to assess bone–implant construct stiffness and strength. Linear regression analysis quantified the influence of each design parameter on the PS indicators and examined interrelationships among PS indicators. The results showed that PS indicators are affected in a complex, parameter-specific manner. Increasing taper angle increased MIT while decreasing IE, with minimal effects on stiffness and strength, whereas increasing thread thickness increased both MIT and IE but reduced construct stiffness and strength. No overall linear relationships were observed among PS indicators; however, variations in thread thickness and pitch produced strong linear relationships between MIT and IE (R² = 0.93 and 0.94, respectively). By jointly considering the insertion process and push-in test through linear regression analysis, an improved implant design was identified, resulting in 17% higher MIT and 10% greater bone–implant construct strength.

One‐Pot Synthesis of Twisted Helical and Quasi‐Planar Boron‐Nitrogen Doped Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons for Narrowband Electroluminescence

ABSTRACT Heteroatom‐doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with special topological structures have garnered significant attention owing to the effective regulation of photophysical properties of emitters at the molecular level. Herein, we report the design and one‐pot synthesis of two heteroatom‐doped PAHs, namely 4BN with a twisted helical configuration and 3BN with a quasi‐planar configuration. Systematic structure‐property investigations reveal that molecular topology plays a decisive role in governing intrinsic electronic structures and intermolecular interactions. The quadruple‐borylated 4BN with rigid PAH skeleton effectively suppresses structural relaxation and electron‐vibrational coupling via manipulating the non‐bonding characteristics, thereby affording ultra‐narrowband emission. Consequently, for 4BN, the full widths at half maximum (FWHMs) as narrow as 13 nm in toluene solution and 14 nm in solution‐processed electroluminescence device are achieved, representing the narrowest FWHM reported to date for OLEDs based on multiple resonance (MR) emitters. Furthermore, in TADF‐assisted solution‐processed device, the emission spectrum slightly broadens to 15 nm with a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE max ) of 18.9%. In sharp contrast, the triple‐borylated 3BN with quasi‐planar geometry shows enhanced π‐delocalization and stronger vibronic coupling, resulting in broader FWHM of 25 nm in TADF‐assisted solution‐processed devices with an EQE max of 19.8%.

AMD3100 modulates the secretome responses of human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells but not their inhibitory effect on T cell proliferation

Decreased CD3 + CD4+ T lymphocyte count predicts 28-day all-cause mortality in severe AECOPD patients admitted to the ICU: a retrospective cohort study

Engineering-geological scientific study investigating the relationship of slope gradients to two basic types of rock masses in the Czech Republic

Abstract The presented scientific study evaluates and quantifies the relationship of slope gradients to two fundamental types of rock masses in the Czech Republic. Investigating slope gradients within engineering geological zones of soil or rock and weathered rock masses (these areas were analyzed using a 1:50,000-scale map, whereas a previously published study used only a 1:500,000-scale map) is a fundamental scientific inquiry, as it compares the behaviour of these two basic mass types in engineering geology, geotechnics and geospatial analysis based on slope gradient values. Slope gradient is essentially the sole parameter observable on the surface across the entire country, allowing us to compare the behaviour of these two mass types. The study was divided into two parts, with the first study evaluating a group of engineering geological zones with Quaternary and pre-Quaternary geological structures (Study 1). The second study, which is of greater scientific significance (Study 2) assessed two groups of engineering geological zones with rocks and weathered rocks and their eluvium (rocks and weathered rocks), and zones with soil engineering geological characteristics. For all variations and zones, statistical characteristics were determined (average slope gradient, 25% quantile, 50% quantile, 75% quantile, and maximum slope gradient). It was found that the groups exhibit significant statistical differences in slope gradients in the Czech Republic. The most significant finding from Study 2 was that the group of engineering geological zones with rocks and weathered rocks and their eluvium (Group 2A) and the group of soil zones (Group 2B) had a difference between the minimums of average slope gradients of 3.0°, representing a 41% share of the total differences. In contrast, the difference between the maximums of average slope gradients in both groups of masses was even greater at 4.4°, representing a 59% share. When comparing the difference between the minimum and maximum of average slope gradients in the first (2A) and second group (2B), a difference of 5.6° (57% share of the total differences) was found in the first group, whereas in the second group, it was lower at 4.2° (43%). It is evident that soil masses and masses of rocks and weathered rocks must manifest differently due to primarily distinct physical–mechanical properties. This is logically reflected in slope gradients, as demonstrated and quantified in the Czech Republic through this study. Soil masses have lower slope gradients compared to masses of rocks and weathered rocks with their eluvium, which is entirely logical and corresponds to their material nature and the structure of the rock mass, reflecting in physical–mechanical properties observed on the surface in a single parameter, namely the assessed slope gradient.

Engineering of Lewis Acid Sites in Mesoporous Zeolite Achieves Record Fructose Yield of 71.5% for Glucose Isomerization in Ethanol

ABSTRACT Lewis acid catalyzed glucose isomerization is a vital step in biorefinery, but it's restricted by the limited catalytic toolkit and reaction equilibrium. Herein, we report that engineering Lewis acid sites in a mesoporous zeolite can greatly boost productivity. Incorporating a few of Sn species into KIT‐6 zeolite with the assistance of phosphorylation delivered SnPO/KIT(x) materials with abundant Lewis acid sites and a few of Brønsted acid sites, while conserving the ordered mesoporous structure. Moreover, the Lewis acidic Sn sites have a coordination environment distinct from those in traditional zeolites and metal phosphates, as is crucial to facilitate isomerization and to control side‐reactions. Rigorous experiments showed that the use of SnPO/KIT(80) catalyst in two‐step isomerization process combined with adequate hydrolysis of ethyl fructoside attains a fructose yield of 71.5%, surpassing the state‐of‐the‐art catalytic systems, along with good reusability and tolerance to high‐concentration glucose. These findings highlight the great potential of precisely manipulating coordination environment of Lewis acid sites to boost catalytic performance.

Ginsenoside Rh4-regulated macrophage polarization and oxidative stress in septic myocardial injury

Open circuit fault localization in dual active bridge based simultaneous battery charging systems using multi label classification

Abstract This paper presents a multi-label fault localization framework for open-circuit fault diagnosis in a three-port Dual Active Bridge (DAB) converter using deep learning. The proposed method leverages time-frequency features extracted from midpoint voltage signals through the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) to generate multi-channel scalogram images. These images are then used to train a ResNet-18 convolutional neural network (CNN) for simultaneous detection and localization of single and multiple switch faults. The dataset was generated under various state-of-charge (SOC) and fault timing conditions to ensure comprehensive coverage of the converter. Simulation results demonstrate high diagnostic accuracy, with both micro- and macro-F₁ scores exceeding 99% on unseen test data. Compared to an equivalent multi-class ResNet-18 classifier, the proposed multi-label network achieved approximately 3% higher macro-F₁ score and better generalization to simultaneous fault conditions. Moreover, the model generalizes effectively to three-switch faults, achieving a micro-F₁ score of approximately 85% despite being trained only on single- and two-switch cases. Robustness analyses further confirm stable performance under dead-time variations, measurement noise, and sensor reduction, maintaining over 92% F₁-score accuracy with only two voltage sensors. In addition, real-time performance evaluation shows that the proposed framework achieves an online diagnosis latency of 136.8 ms. These findings highlight the model’s effectiveness for fault diagnosis in multi-port power converters.