Browse Articles

Comparison of Heated Humidified High-flow Nasal Cannula and Noninvasive Ventilation in Children with Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure Using Clinical Respiratory Score: A Prospective Observational Study

Hepatic Elastography in Critical Illness: Moving from Physiological Signal to Clinical Utility

Lung Ultrasound Protocols: From Diagnostic Expansion to Physiological Integration

Hantavirus: A Comprehensive Contemporary Review of Virology, Global Epidemiology, Clinical Variants, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Intensive Care Management

Parallel Interface Engineering of Single‐Atom Pt/g‐C ₃ N ₄ and Selenoviologen for Durable Photocatalysis via Efficient Directional Electron Flow

ABSTRACT Photocatalysis offers a sustainable route for clean energy conversion, yet its efficiency is frequently constrained by uncontrolled charge‐carrier recombination and sluggish interfacial electron transfer. Here, we address this challenge by constructing a parallel photocatalytic interface through the dual covalent binding of selenoviologen electron mediators to defective g‐C 3 N 4 which is anchored with single‐atom Pt. This architecture forms a highly stable “electron overpass” that directs electron flow with exceptional efficiency. Ultrafast spectra and DFT calculations confirm that this overpass channels electrons from both photoexcited g‐C 3 N 4 and selenoviologen radical intermediates directly to the Pt catalytic sites. The system achieves a forward electron transfer rate of 0.043 L·g −1 ·s −1 , four times that of the single covalent binding control, and extends the charge carrier lifetime to 7998.8 ps. As a result, the photocatalyst delivers a remarkable hydrogen evolution rate of 3231.9 µmol·h −1 g −1 , while the concurrent anaerobic oxidation of benzylamine proceeds at 1390.6 µmol·h −1 g −1 . Crucially, the dual covalent binding affords outstanding durability, retaining 92% of the initial activity after six 24 h cycles, a nearly tenfold improvement over the conventional system. This work establishes parallel interface engineering as a general paradigm for directing electron flow, paving the way for advanced solar fuel production and artificial photosynthesis.

Beyond Conventional Severity Scores: Machine Learning and the Future of Intensive Care Unit Prognostication

Conjugated C≡C Linked Organic Polymers With Thiadiazole‐Induced Electron‐Ion Decoupling Toward Long‐Life Lithium Metal Anode

ABSTRACT The pronounced reactivity of Li + , coupled with the uncontrollable side reactions with the electrolyte, presents considerable safety hazards in lithium‐metal batteries (LMBs). Herein, a unique conjugated organic polymer (Alkynyl‐COP‐TD) featuring carbon–carbon triple bonds (C≡C) as π‐bridges and thiadiazole‐induced electron–ion decoupling effect is designed to stabilize the lithium‐metal anode interface. By tuning its bandgap, the molecularly optimized electronic structure of Alkynyl‐COP‐TD not only accelerates electron transport within the polymer but also establishes “electronic shielding layer” that further prevents electron escape into the electrolyte, while simultaneously enhancing the mechanical stability of the interface. Furthermore, the incorporation of thiadiazole units in Alkynyl‐COP‐TD further facilitates the interactions between lithophilic sites (C≡C, aromatic ring) and Li + , accelerating Li + diffusion–deposition kinetics and charge transfer, as determined by a variety of advanced in‐situ/ ex‐situ characterizations. Consequently, compared with thiadiazole‐free Alkynyl‐COP, Alkynyl‐COP‐TD–based symmetric cell exhibits an extraordinarily extended cycle life, surpassing 2500 h at 5 mA cm −2 . In addition, the full cell assembled with the Alkynyl‐COP‐TD‐based electrode remains stable after 1600 cycles with an average capacity degradation rate of only 0.015% per cycle and demonstrates improved rate performance. This work brings an intriguing insight of the molecular design of multifunctional artificial interfacial layers for LMBs.

Right Ventricular Dysfunction Score in the Prognostic Evaluation of Patients with Sepsis and Septic Shock

Piezoelectric COFs Function as Dynamic “Ion Pumps” to Facilitate Li ⁺ Transport in Solid‐State Batteries

ABSTRACT The development of solid‐state electrolytes is restricted by sluggish ion transport and unstable electrode‐electrolyte interfaces. To address this issue, we introduce a paradigm‐shifting approach that actively converts cycling‐induced mechanical stress into an electrochemical driving force for ion migration. Through strategically structural engineering of a covalent organic framework (COF), we create a piezoelectric COF (CityU‐57) with a broken structural symmetry, enabling a built‐in electric field under mechanical stress (piezoelectric field). This structural modification not only decreases the HOMO energy level to improve oxidative stability but also enhances Li + affinity and reduces migration barriers, especially under a piezoelectric field. When implemented as a solid electrolyte, CityU‐57 achieves exceptional performance, including a high Li + transference number (0.539), low interfacial resistance, and unprecedented cycling stability exceeding 5000 h in symmetric cells. Comprehensive characterization through piezo‐response force microscopy, electrochemical analysis, and theoretical calculations, we verify a “mechano‐electric coupling” mechanism where mechanically induced piezoelectric fields function as a dynamic “ion pump” to facilitate Li + transport and homogenize the deposition.

Author Response: Hepatic Elastography in Critical Illness: Moving from Physiological Signal to Clinical Utility

Photochemically Generated Sulfenylnitrene Unlocks Chemoselective Activation of Conventional Thioglycosides for Stereocontrolled Furanosylations

ABSTRACT The stereocontrolled construction of 1,2‐ cis furanosidic linkages remains a challenge in carbohydrate chemistry, as existing approaches often require multistep donor synthesis, anomerically pure precursors, and harsh activation conditions that compromise generality. Conventional thioglycosides are bench‐stable donors; however, their activation typically requires strong acids and cryogenic conditions, resulting in poor chemoselectivity, diminished stereocontrol, and epimerization to thermodynamically controlled 1,2‐ trans isomers. Here, we disclose a metal‐ and photosensitizer‐free photochemical strategy in which blue light promotes the chemoselective photolysis of an S─N bond in a sulfenylnitrene precursor, generating sulfenylnitrene that chemoselectively activates conventional thioglycosides. Sulfenylnitrene shows unique reactivity towards thioglycosides and remains unreactive with non‐glycosyl thioethers. This neutral process circumvents classical S N 2‐type pathways, enabling Lewis‐acid‐free and highly stereoselective furanosylations across ribose, arabinose, xylose, and the particularly challenging 2‐deoxyribose systems. Mechanistic investigations reveal that the steric and electronic effects of the C5‐protecting group induce the stereoselectivity. The synthetic utility of this platform is demonstrated by the efficient construction of glycosylated bioactive molecules and a 1,2‐ cis ribopentasaccharide. Overall, this work introduces sulfenylnitrene‐mediated activation as a sustainable and broadly applicable strategy for stereocontrolled furanosylation, expanding the conceptual scope of sulfur‐based nitrene chemistry in selective bond construction.

Mast cells support lung eosinophil homeostasis and the acute innate immune response to respiratory syncytial virus

Abstract As tissue-resident immune cells, mast cells release inflammatory agents in response to local viral infections. Here, we analyze Cpa3-Cre ; Mcl-1 fl/fl mice, which lack mast cells, to study the consequences of mast cell deficiency during respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. At the early stages of RSV infection, mast cell-deficient mice exhibit higher viral loads, greater weight loss and exacerbated lung tissue damage when compared to control mice. Mast cell deficiency also decreases eosinophil recruitment, while increasing the influx of inflammatory monocytes and the levels of CXCL10, CCL4, and TNF in lung tissue. Reconstitution of bone-marrow–derived mast cells into mast cell-deficient mice restores eosinophil responses and protection from RSV infection, as well as repletes lung eosinophil numbers and GM-CSF levels in non-RSV conditions. Our data thus demonstrate that mast cells support an effective antiviral response and lung protection early in RSV infection and also help maintain lung eosinophil homeostasis, thereby placing them as important regulators of antiviral defense.

Dairy cows infected with influenza A(H5N1) reveals low infectious dose and transmission barriers

Solar-driven peroxyacid group activation enables＞ 500 h stable hydroxyl-radical defluorination of industrial perfluorophenol wastewater

Seismic performance assessment and strengthening of a residential RC building damaged in the 2023 Türkiye Earthquakes: A case study

Federated multi-cloud task scheduling with load balancing using multi-objective NSGA-II and reinforcement learning

Prevalence, morphology, and management of coronary cameral fistulas detected on cardiac CT: a multicenter study

Diameter-dependent nanojoint formation and grain refinement in femtosecond laser nanojoining of AgNWs

Optimized routing with Ant Colony Algorithms to extend network lifetime in Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract Energy-efficient routing in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is a critical challenge due to uneven energy depletion and dynamic topology changes. The paper suggests a Lifetime-Aware Ant Colony Optimization-based Routing Algorithm (LTAWSN) which incorporates the residual energy, hop count and spatial proximity to probability routing. The proposed approach, in contrast to the traditional Ant Colony Optimization (ACA) and Energy-Aware ACA (EAACA) uses two energy metrics and spatial awareness to balance energy usage and enhance routing efficiency. LTAWSN performance is measured by using NS-2 simulations and compared to the performance of ACLR and ACA and EAACA. The simulation outcomes indicate that LTAWSN can save the energy consumption by 18–25%, enhancement in the percentage of packet delivery (PDR) by 6–10%, and network lifetime in different node densities. These findings verify the suitability of the proposed strategy to increase the network stability, reliability, and energy balancing in WSNs settings.

Prevalence and factors associated with sugar-sweetened beverage consumption among adolescents and women aged 10–49 years in Kenya