Browse Articles

Demonstration of efficient predictive surrogates for large-scale quantum processors

CrystalX: High-Accuracy Crystal Structure Analysis Using Deep Learning

False Percepts as a Window onto Visual Processing

Trial-by-trial auditory brainstem response detection

A PI(3,5)P2/CHMP4B axis on lysosomes is essential for microautophagic degradation of STING

The role of adiponectin and cytokines in Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: assessment of disease progression and survival status

Ultra-high density perovskite nanowire array memristor-based multi-layer perceptron

Sacrificial polyvinyl alcohol substrates to transfer atomic layer deposition grown dielectric thin films

Altermagnetic type-II multiferroics with Néel-order-locked electric polarization

Role of woody plants in carbon sequestration: evidence from Sulula Mofa Forest, Northern Ethiopia

Recurrence in the chemotherapy regimen of bladder carcinoma originates from quiescent epidermoid-like cells

Association between loneliness trajectories and chronic diseases as well as chronic comorbidities among middle - aged and elderly chinese: based on the group - based trajectory modeling method

Bio-inspired relay catalysis for aqueous redox flow batteries

Abstract Aqueous redox flow batteries are promising for long-duration energy storage. However, many of them (e.g. sulfur-based and organic-based flow batteries) suffer from sluggish kinetics with low energy efficiency and insufficient capacity utilization. Here, we propose relay catalysis as a universal strategy to achieve high reaction rates while minimizing overpotential, enabling high capacity and energy efficiency. Inspired by sequential electron transfer in cellular respiration, relay catalysis employs a low-overpotential catalyst (e.g., isoalloxazine) to initiate the reaction, seamlessly transferring control to a high-activity catalyst (e.g., quinone) to sustain charge propagation, breaking the trade-off between overpotential and catalytic rate. Using this strategy, we demonstrate polysulfide-ferrocyanide flow batteries with near full polysulfide utilization (S 4 2– /S 2 2– , 64 Ah L –1 negolyte ) and high stability over 3 months (> 500 cycles at 20 mA cm –2 , decay rate 0.00071% per cycle, 0.003% per day). We further extend this strategy to organosulfide- and azo-based batteries with various relay-catalyst couples. By mimicking biological electron relays, this approach not only redefines homogeneous catalysis for energy storage but also establishes a transformative platform for designing flow batteries with enhanced performance and scalability.

Modeling engineering and medical lifetime data using a flexible extension of the XShanker distribution under censoring

EnzymeTuning improves enzyme-constrained metabolic modeling and proteome abundance prediction through deep learning

An improved Q-learning approach for rescue path planning in mass casualty incidents under damaged road network conditions

Enhanced volumetric additive manufacturing via Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) polymerization

Abstract Computed Axial Lithography (CAL), a Volumetric Additive Manufacturing (VAM) technology, enables the rapid, full body i.e. not layer-by-layer, fabrication of freeform geometries within seconds through the superposition of projected light patterns. However, as conventional CAL relies on free radical polymerization (FRP), it is an intrinsically exothermic process (ΔT > 60 °C) that can trigger auto-acceleration, so compromising print fidelity and limiting scalability. By regulating polymer chain length during propagation through reversible chain transfer, Reversible Addition–Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) maintains steady, controlled reaction kinetics and prevents the sharp viscosity increase characteristic of FRP. In this study, we introduce RAFT polymerization into various (meth)acrylate-based systems within CAL to effectively mitigate heat generation and suppress auto-acceleration during photopolymerization. The success of this approach is confirmed by in-situ thermal monitoring and the suppression of thermally induced buoyancy, revealing a substantial reduction in temperature rise compared to FRP. Furthermore, RAFT chemistry enables post-printing functionalization of the printed objects, expanding CAL’s chemical versatility. This study demonstrates that RAFT-mediated CAL allows the fabrication of structures inaccessible via FRP, advancing thermally stable and functionally tunable volumetric additive manufacturing.

Liquid–liquid phase separation and the formation of amyloid fibrils from DcpS scavenger enzymes

Abstract Decapping Scavenger (DcpS) enzyme was initially identified by its ability to hydrolyze the cap structure resulting from mRNA decay. Human DcpS is an established target for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and hepatic metastasis. Recently, the protein has been linked to neuronal development regulation and implicated in certain developmental neurological disorders. Here we demonstrate for the first time that DcpS of the human and C. elegans nematode origin undergoes misfolding in vitro, leading to the formation of amyloid-like fibrils. Additionally, the DcpS INS15 insertional mutant linked to the Al-Raqad syndrome exhibited accelerated fibril aggregation kinetics compared to the wild type protein. Importantly, we demonstrate that the DcpS species investigated in this study undergo liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS), which appears to lead in turn to amyloid formation. We propose that the LLPS phase transition underlies the intricate kinetics (e.g. lack of a clearly-resolved lag phase) of the misfolding process. As the physiological implications of the here-reported propensity of DcpS to lose its biological function through the coupled LLPS-fibrillization transition remain to be elucidated, this work lays the groundwork for further studies on this phenomenon and provides a potential link between DcpS aggregation and disease-associated loss of function.

Expedient single-round selection of hyper-modified aptamer targeting insulin receptor from over-represented dually nucleobase-modified DNA libraries

Abstract Discovery of functional nucleic acids from randomized libraries typically relies on multiple, time-consuming iterative rounds of in vitro selection with low success rate. Here, we present a single-round selection strategy for rapid screening of multiple over-represented nucleobase-modified DNA libraries and various selection conditions, capable of identifying high-affinity modified aptamers. Double partition followed by amplification of eluted sequences, NGS analysis and clustering provides fast identification of aptamer candidates. Screening of modified DNA libraries containing modified adenine and uracil nucleotides bearing hydrophobic aromatic phenyl and indole moieties results in development of an aptamer binding human insulin receptor with sub-nanomolar affinity and exquisite specificity. Cryo-EM structure reveals the importance of each aromatic modification, either in stabilizing the secondary structure or facilitating interactions with the protein surface. This approach addresses the main drawbacks of aptamer selection and has potential for high-throughput screening and accelerating the development of next-generation aptamers for diagnostics or therapeutics.

Erratum: Huang et al., “Calcineurin and CK2 Reciprocally Regulate Synaptic AMPA Receptor Phenotypes via α2δ-1 in Spinal Excitatory Neurons”