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Exploring the correlation between psychological indicators and professional sports performance athletes through virtual reality training
Physical activity and depressive symptoms among Chinese university students: Grit as a mediator
Background While physical activity is widely recognized for its protective role against depressive symptoms, the specific psychological mechanisms that explain this relationship, particularly among Chinese university students, require further exploration. The present study seeks to clarify whether grit as a hypothesized mediator explaining how physical activity is linked to depressive symptoms severity within this population. Methods In this cross-sectional investigation, 3,140 Chinese university students were recruited to complete an online survey. Assessments included demographic variables, physical activity levels, grit, and depressive symptoms, each measured with validated instruments. The hypothesized mediation pathway—wherein grit serves as the mediating variable—was tested via the PROCESS macro for SPSS, with bias-corrected bootstrapping (5,000 resamples) used to assess the indirect effect. Results Analyses demonstrated a significant negative association between physical activity and depressive symptoms. Crucially, grit was found to completely mediate this association. The indirect pathway through grit was statistically significant ( ab = −0.013, 95% CI [−0.016, −0.010]), whereas the direct effect of physical activity was non-significant ( c’ = −0.002, p > 0.05, 95% CI [−0.011, 0.007]). Conclusions These findings indicate that the beneficial effect of physical activity on depressive symptoms is primarily channeled through grit. Intervention strategies aimed at improving mental well-being in this population may be more effective if they combine physical activity promotion with grit-fostering components.
Utilizing multi-trait selection indices for genetic characterization and SSR marker validation linked to powdery mildew resistance in sunflower
Abstract In india sunflower, an important crucial oilseed crop, has endured considerable yield declines over the past two decades. One of the factor in the vulnerability of the reduced cultivation to powdery mildew disease. This persistent challenge underscores the pressing necessity for resistant germplasm and robust molecular markers to advance breeding initiatives. In this study, the phenotypic diversity of 20 sunflower inbreds was assessed for traits during two seasons (winter 2022, rainy season 2023). Using three multi trait selection indices Genotype-by-Yield-Trait (GYT) biplot, the Multi-Trait Genotype-Ideotype Distance Index (MGIDI) and the Factor Analysis and Interaction Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (FAI-BLUP) were used to evaluate the inbred lines. The inbreds were screened for powdery mildew resistance under both natural (winter 2022, rainy season 2023) and artificial conditions (summer 2023). Significant variation was observed for all traits, with four inbreds (COSF 6B, COSF 10B, COSF 12B and COSF 15B) exhibiting high oil content, seed yield and oil yield per plant. The inbreds COSF 6B, CSFI-17008 and CSFI-17024 consistently achieved the highest rankings across all indices, demonstrating strong potential for exploitation breeding programmes. SSR marker-based cluster analysis using DARwin software grouped the inbreds into five distinct clusters and STRUCTURE analysis revealed five sub-populations. Out of 141 SSR markers tested, 92 primers were polymorphic, with ORS898, ORS188, ORS1008 and ORS725 identified as the most effective. Marker validation using ORS 684 and ORS1110, both linked to powdery mildew resistance, showed that ORS 684 explained 27.17% of phenotypic variation and reliably distinguished resistant and susceptible inbreds. Notably, CSFI 17018 and CSFI 17020 exhibited resistance under both screening conditions and their resistance was further confirmed by marker validation. Based on diversity analyses and artificial screening, we recommend utilizing the identified diverse inbreds-COSF 6B, COSF 10B, COSF 12B, COSF 15B, CSFI 13023, CSFI 17008, CSFI 17018 and CSFI 17020-as parental lines in future breeding programs. For developing powdery mildew-resistant hybrids, inbreds, or varieties through marker-assisted backcrossing, ORS 684 is proposed as an effective foreground marker to facilitate the transfer of resistance loci.
Atomic-scale revelation of in situ reverse regulation from particles to clusters in the Ni/La-CeOx catalyst
Installing Axial Chirality by Atroposelective C(sp <sup>3</sup> )–H Bond Oxidation
A neural network model for managing renewable resources with population growth
Diffusion attention expert model for predicting and semi-automatic localizing STAS in lung cancer histopathological images
Nickel-Catalyzed Regioselective Dihydrosilylation of Allenes
An Earth Observation-based Tier 3 framework for monitoring greenhouse gas emissions from forest fires in Italy
Nonlinear temperature change responses shape soil organic carbon loss-gain transitions in global Mollisol croplands
Mechanism of Aggregation of the NACore of α-Synuclein: Stable Oligomer Formation Competes with Fibril Formation with Implications for the Etiology of Parkinson’s Disease
Integrated NSM and GFRP-reinforced ECC/UHPC techniques for strengthening deficient RC columns
Abstract The integrity of the structure and load capacities of reinforced concrete (RC) columns are severely impacted by corrosion-induced reinforcing steel losses. This study examines an innovative strengthening technique incorporating near-surface mounted (NSM) steel or glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars, combined with an external layer of engineered cementitious composite (ECC) or ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) reinforced with a GFRP mesh. The experimental results demonstrated that UHPC provided superior confinement compared with ECC jackets, leading to the highest load capacity enhancement. Incorporating NSM steel bars with ECC (Group 3 (G3)) significantly improved performance, increasing ultimate load capacity by 25%–32%, with energy absorption increasing up to 3.9 times compared with the control column. The combination of NSM bars with external jacketing proved to be the most effective, particularly when NSM GFRP bars were used alongside UHPC, resulting in a 49% increase in load capacity and a substantial improvement in energy absorption. Additionally, finite element models were developed and showed good agreement with the experimental findings, further validating the proposed strengthening technique. The model was extended for a parametric study examining the effect of main reinforcement diameter. The results highlight the important role of the reinforcement diameter in enhancing column strength. Increasing the reinforcement diameter led to progressive strength improvements, but the efficiency of additional reinforcement decreased at larger diameters.
Early hexapod genomes reveal the deep origin of insect gustatory and odorant receptors
Cleaving Fused-Ring Conjugated Structure and Introducing Aggregation-Induced Emission Effect Enable over 20% Efficiency Organic Solar Cells
Research on few-shot fault diagnosis and feature extraction mechanism based on ADPCW-ELCNN
Meta-analysis reveals asymmetric root and microbial phenology shifts under global change
Stabilizing Lattice Oxygen Mechanism on Ru Single Atoms via a High-Entropy Support for Acidic Oxygen Evolution
Language-dependency of the left-digit effect in number line estimation and the role of number word inversion
Abstract Language plays a critical role in shaping cognitive processes. The present study focuses on the impact of language-dependent number representations, specifically examining the effects of number word inversion and the left-digit effect across different linguistic groups. Number word inversion is a phenomenon where in certain languages, such as in German, spoken two-digit numbers start with the unit preceding the decade (e.g., for 91, literally “one-and-ninety” rather than the Arabic numeral order “ninety-one”). Previous studies employing various numerical tasks indicate that the inversion effect—where the unit digit exerts a disproportionate impact on how the total magnitude of a two-digit number is perceived—influences children’s performance. This study addresses the inversion effect in adults by comparing German-speakers to English- and Mandarin-speakers in a number line estimation task. Linear regression slope analyses of estimated positions conducted across decades identified the inversion effect, demonstrating that German-speakers provided comparatively higher estimates for numbers with larger unit digits compared to the other language groups. Additionally, the left-digit effect, which conversely is characterised by the smaller impact of the unit digit on perceived number magnitudes, became evident in all three language groups. This left-digit effect is further modulated by membership of a specific language group. The structure of Mandarin number words is discussed as a significant factor contributing to the pronounced amplification of the effect. Our findings suggest that language plays a pivotal role in persistently shaping the cognitive processing of numbers.
Chemical bonding concepts emerge naturally from maximally entangled atomic orbitals
Abstract Chemical bonding is a nonlocal phenomenon that binds atoms into molecules. Its ubiquitous presence in chemistry, however, stands in stark contrast to its ambiguous definition and the lack of a universal perspective for its understanding. In this work, we rationalize and characterize chemical bonding through the lens of an equally nonlocal concept from quantum information, the orbital entanglement. We introduce the maximally entangled atomic orbitals (MEAOs) whose entanglement pattern is shown to recover both Lewis (two-center) and beyond-Lewis (multicenter) structures, with multipartite entanglement serving as a comprehensive index of bond strength. Our unifying framework for bonding analyses is effective not only for equilibrium geometries but also for transition states in chemical reactions and complex phenomena such as aromaticity. It also has the potential to elevate the Hilbert space atomic partitioning to match the prevalent real-space partitioning in the theory of atoms in molecules. Accordingly, our work provides a new framework for understanding fuzzy chemical concepts using rigorous, quantitative descriptors from quantum information.