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Horned lizard defense tactics optimization for robust FOPID control in vehicle active suspension systems
Rethinking High-Flow Oxygen in Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure
Performance augmentation of spherical solar distiller using dual-axis sun tracking system with corrugated absorber and phase change material
Abstract Freshwater scarcity is a growing global challenge, particularly in arid regions where sustainable solutions are urgently required. Solar distillation is a promising technology; however, its low productivity limits large-scale implementation. In this study, a novel integrated modified spherical solar still (MSPSS) is proposed, combining vertical absorber configuration, dual-axis solar tracking, optimized corrugated geometry, and silver nanoparticle-enhanced phase change material (PCM-Ag) to overcome the limitations of previously reported designs. The proposed system introduces a synergistic integration of optical, thermal, and geometric enhancements, enabling superior performance compared to conventional and previously developed spherical solar stills. Experimental results demonstrate a significant increase in freshwater productivity, reaching a maximum of 13,300 mL/m 2 day, corresponding to a 343% improvement over the conventional solar still (CSS). The individual contributions of the modifications include vertical absorber (62%), dual-axis tracking (65%), corrugated geometry (55%), and PCM-Ag integration (52%). In addition to productivity enhancement, the system improves thermal management by reducing temperature fluctuations and extending effective operating periods. Economic analysis reveals a reduction in freshwater production cost from $0.024/L for CSS to $0.01/L for the optimized configuration. These findings confirm that the proposed integrated approach represents a substantial advancement over existing spherical solar still systems, offering an efficient and economically viable solution for decentralized freshwater production in water-scarce regions.
Finerenone in Persons with Chronic Kidney Disease without Diabetes
Source parameters and stress drop variability in northeastern Egypt and their implications for seismic hazard assessment
Virtual-Only or In-Person Interviews for Residency Applicants
Correction: Q-CaDD: accelerating in silico methodologies with quantum computation and machine learning for Epidermal growth factor receptor
BiDil — The Story of the Black Pill
Rectal smooth muscle loss as a predictor of severe postoperative complications in rectal cancer surgery
Dysphagia Lusoria
Federated MobileNetV2 with ensemble meta-learning for privacy-preserving brain tumor classification
Abstract The identification of brain tumors from MRI images is very crucial for the selection of an appropriate treatment. However, the existing solution has issues with privacy and data sharing. To address this challenge, this paper proposes the use of federated learning. The proposed solution employs a light convolutional backbone and some adaptive local meta-learners. The proposed solution employs MobileNetV2 as the feature extractor. This is fine-tuned for many clients using a combination of FedAvg and FedProx regularization. Each client also trains a few meta-learners (MLP, SVM, and ELM) using the local feature embeddings, enabling people to obtain personalized predictions without sharing their private information. For inference, the framework supports both probability-level averaging across client ensembles and deployable single-client prediction using only the local meta-learners of one client. On the Brain Tumor MRI Dataset, containing 7023 image slices across glioma, meningioma, no tumor, and pituitary classes, the proposed framework achieved a maximum observed accuracy of 99.57%. Across four repeated runs, it achieved 99.29% +/- 0.20% accuracy with a 95% confidence interval of 98.97% to 99.61%, while maintaining strong macro-F1 performance and a macro-average ROC-AUC of 0.998690. Under the same preprocessing and split protocol, it outperformed internally reimplemented CNN+FedAvg and CNN+FedAvg+FedProx baselines and preserved near-centralized ROC-AUC performance. Communication analysis showed that exchanging the MobileNetV2 backbone required 149.89 MB per round for five clients, corresponding to an 83.34% reduction relative to a ResNet-50 backbone.
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Decoupling Bulk Homogenization and Interfacial Reconstruction via a Triple‐Alkali‐Cation Interlayer for High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells
ABSTRACT Precise control over cation distribution is critical for high‐performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Conventional bulk doping often leads to vertical segregation and lattice strain, while surface passivation dose not ensure bulk homogeneity. We introduce a triple‐alkali interlayer (LiOH/KCl/CsI) deposited on the electron transport layer prior to crystallization of the perovskite film. This design spatially decouples crystallization regulation from compositional modulation, i.e., localized Li + and K + ions reconstruct the buried contact and passivate defects and interfacial Cs + acts as a dynamic source for in situ upward diffusion. This bottom‐up mechanism facilitates stress‐free crystallization, resulting in a dense, preferentially oriented perovskite film with a void‐free buried interface and superior compositional homogeneity. Consequently, the resulting champion n‐i‐p PSC achieves a remarkable power conversion efficiency of 26.13%, with a high open‐circuit voltage of 1.184 V and a fill factor of 83.81%. Furthermore, the devices demonstrate robust durability maintaining 93.7% after 1440 h of continuous 1‐sun irradiation at 65°C. This work provides a promising pathway for managing cation dynamics to realize efficient and stable perovskite photovoltaics.
Techno-economic-environmental evaluation of a solar-hydrogen-battery hybrid system: a real-time case study
Abstract The global shift toward net-zero carbon emissions requires flexible, multi-source energy systems capable of overcoming disruptions in renewable energy sources. This study presents a comprehensive technical, economic and environmental assessment of a hybrid energy system designed for the Faculty of Technology and Education at Sohag University, Egypt. The research evaluates three operational scenarios, involving the integration of the utility grid (UG), photovoltaic (PV) cells, a battery energy storage system (BESS), and a green hydrogen production subsystem consisting of an electrolyzer, hydrogen storage (H 2 ), and fuel cells (FC). Scenario 1 (PV/BESS/UG) serves as the baseline configuration, achieving a renewable fraction of 74.7% but maintaining significant dependence on the electrical grid. Scenario 2 (PV/FC/H2/UG) demonstrated the economic infeasibility of a hydrogen subsystem configured to operate on a daily charge–discharge cycle rather than functioning as a long-duration or seasonal storage system; the optimization results favored grid electricity over fuel cell dispatch. Scenario 3 (PV/FC/BESS/H 2 /UG) emerges as the most effective configuration. Despite exhibiting a higher net present cost (NPC: 823,477 USD) and a levelized cost of energy (LCOE: 0.0832 USD/kWh), it achieved a renewable fraction of 75.7% and ensured nearly 100% supply reliability with negligible unmet electrical load. The results indicate that the integration of BESS for short-term response and H 2 for long-term energy reserve provides a strategic energy buffer capable of mitigating the effects of solar PV power outages and grid instability.
The Unusual Suspects
Design of a 5G millimeter-wave wideband high-gain metamaterial-based antenna
Abstract This research paper presents a novel high-gain, wideband metamaterial (MTM)-based antenna designed for 5G millimeter-wave (mm-wave) applications. The antenna features a dual-band H-shaped patch radiator printed on a 15 mm × 15 mm Rogers 5880 substrate, backed by a metallic ground plane with a square aperture. A 2 × 2 MTM superstrate layer is positioned 6.1 mm above the patch antenna to improve gain and bandwidth. The MTM layer, fabricated on a 0.2 mm Rogers 4003 C substrate, incorporates H-shaped metallic patterns on the top surface and circular resonators on the bottom. Simulated effective constitutive parameters confirm negative permittivity ( $$\varepsilon$$ ), negative permeability ( $$\mu$$ ), and negative refractive index ( n ) within the target frequency range, validating the metamaterial properties. The S-parameters derived from the equivalent circuit model developed in ADS closely match those obtained from the CST simulations. Characteristic Mode Analysis (CMA) is conducted to examine the resonance behavior of the proposed MTM-based antenna. The experimental results demonstrate the wideband and high-gain performance of the proposed antenna, featuring an impedance bandwidth of 4.8 GHz, peak gains of 11.4 dBi at 30 GHz and 9.19 dBi at 27.4 GHz, and a radiation efficiency of 95% across the entire operating frequency band.
Targeting of Wnt–β-Catenin Pathway in Recurrent Ameloblastoma
Dose-dependent acute toxicity of chitosan nanoparticles with dual assessment of multisystem toxicopathology and oxidative stress biomarkers in Nile tilapia
Abstract Nano-chitosan (nCS) is widely used in aquaculture for its antimicrobial and immunostimulatory properties, but its toxicological profile in fish remains poorly understood. This study assessed the dose-dependent acute toxic effects of nCS in Nile tilapia on oxidative stress biomarkers and multisystemic histopathology to clarify the mechanisms of systemic injury. Healthy fish ( n = 80) were exposed to spherical nCS (8–20 nm (at concentrations of 0, 5, 10, and 20 mg/L for 96 h. Exposure to nCS caused dose-dependent toxicity. While no mortality was observed at concentrations up to 5 mg/L, the 20 mg/L dose induced significant behavioral changes and 50% mortality within 96 h. Biochemical analysis indicated systemic oxidative stress, with increased lipid peroxidation and depleted antioxidant defenses across the gills, kidney, liver, and muscle. Comprehensive histopathological examination of eight distinct tissues confirmed severe tissue damage, including branchial lamellar fusion, renal tubular necrosis, and neurotoxic effects in the brain, correlating with neurobehavioral distress. These findings indicate that acute exposure to nCS concentrations of ≥ 10 mg/L induces severe multisystemic necrosis, establishing a no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) below 5 mg/L. The study identifies the gills and kidney as key nanotoxicity biomarkers, suggesting that strict application limits are essential to balance the therapeutic benefits and ecological risks of nCS in aquaculture.