Browse Articles

Differential associations of muscle and fat body composition profiles with inflammatory cytokines in preschool children: a cross-sectional study

A lightweight ResNet50V2–ECA model for renal cell carcinoma grading: efficiency, calibration, and state-of-the-art performance

Is the peptide craze backed by science? The promise behind the hype

An advanced framework for predicting pollen outbreaks using multi-input multi-output temporal convolutional networks and firefly algorithm

Multimodal MRI-based nomogram integrating clinical-radiological, radiomic, and habitat features to discriminate solitary fibrous tumors from atypical meningiomas

Biomechanical stability evaluation of isolated straddle fracture using finite element analysis

An examination of the associations between AUDIT scores, person-level differences in daily location changes, and stress among college students

Enhanced load frequency control using a novel fractional-order integral-integral-derivative controller optimized by cuckoo catfish optimizer

Abstract Maintaining frequency stability in interconnected power systems (IPSs) is a critical challenge, particularly under sudden load changes and nonlinear constraints. Conventional PID and fractional-order controllers (FOPID, TID, FOID, and cascaded FO-PID structures) either lack adaptability or introduce excessive complexity. To overcome these limitations, this study introduces a novel fractional-order integral–integral–derivative (FOIID) controller that replaces the proportional term with a second-order fractional integrator. This dual-integral design yields 27 possible configurations, enhances the low-frequency gain, and eliminates the steady-state ramp error, thereby improving the transient and steady-state performance. The recently developed cuckoo catfish optimizer (CCO) is employed for parameter tuning. Unlike conventional metaheuristics (PSO, GA, and GWO), CCO integrates cooperative space compression, chaotic predation, and adaptive regeneration strategies, which avoid premature convergence and achieve a robust global search. The proposed CCO–FOIID framework was validated on a two-area non-reheat benchmark system and further tested on a three-area thermal–thermal–hydro system with generation rate constraints under 1% and 2% step load disturbances. A comparative analysis against five state-of-the-art controllers (ISFS–PID, DSA–FOPID, WHO–PI(1 + FOPID), and CGO–FOPID–FOPI) demonstrates that CCO–FOIID consistently achieves faster settling times, reduced overshoot, and the lowest ITAE value (74.26), outperforming the best competitor (CGO–FOPID–FOPI, 82.67). These results confirm that the combination of FOIID’s universal structure and CCO’s robust optimization provides a simple yet powerful solution for modern LFC applications in both simple and complex IPS networks.

Dynamic multi-scale fusion network for road damage detection in complex street views

Integrated in silico and in vitro assessment of Azadirachta indica leaf extract against multi-drug resistant Citrobacter koseri and Staphylococcus saprophyticus

A novel approach for forecasting algal bloom: long short-term memory artificial neural network with exponential smoothing feedback optimized by the arithmetic mean algorithm

Encapsulation of lime peel extract in alginate–gelatin microbeads and its potential for browning inhibition in Musa spp. tissue culture

Abstract Tissue culture micropropagation is the most effective method for propagating Musa spp. explants; however, enzymatic browning poses a major obstacle. Lime peel extract (LPE) has demonstrated antioxidant activity against browning in Musa spp. cultures, though its effectiveness is limited by instability and rapid release. Encapsulation technology using sodium alginate and gelatin biopolymers addresses these limitations by protecting active compounds, enabling controlled release, and extending shelf life. In this study, LPE was encapsulated with a yield of 79.5%, encapsulation efficiency (EE) of 80.93%, and extract content (EC) of 24.2%. The resulting microbeads were approximately spherical, although their surface is slightly irregular, averaging 1.2 μm in size, and exhibited release kinetics consistent with the Korsmeyer-Peppas model, confirming delayed LPE release. The microbeads showed thermal stability up to 100 °C, maintaining 23.26% EC and 77.8% EE over three weeks. LPE microbeads were more effective in reducing the browning index in Kepok Tanjung and Barangan explants compared to unencapsulated LPE. These findings indicate that LPE, particularly in its encapsulated form, can effectively suppress browning in Musa spp. tissue cultures.

JUNO experiment ushers in next generation of neutrino experiments

Large magneto-optical Kerr effect induced by collinear antiferromagnetic order

Durability analysis of alkali-activated steel slag-GGBS-coal gangue composite mixtures

Culturally-Aware Prompting in conversational AI: supporting perceived communicative effectiveness in cross-cultural teams in Australia

Multi-strategy quantum-inspired dung beetle optimizer for kernel extreme learning machine in slope safety factor prediction

Dopamine drives persistent remodelling of the maternal brain

Abstract Pregnancy and postpartum experiences represent transformative physiological states that impose lasting demands on the maternal body and brain, resulting in lifelong neural adaptations 1–6 . However, the precise molecular mechanisms that drive these persistent alterations remain poorly understood. Here we used brain-wide transcriptomic profiling to define the molecular landscape of neuroplasticity induced by reproductive experience, identifying the dorsal hippocampal formation (dHF) as a key site of transcriptional remodelling. Combining single-cell RNA sequencing with a maternal–pup separation paradigm, we additionally found that chronic postpartum stress significantly disrupts dHF adaptations by altering dopamine dynamics, leading to changes in the dopamine-dependent histone post-translational modification, H3 dopaminylation, which causally mediates downstream alterations in gene expression and behaviour. In human dorsal subiculum, a brain structure within the dHF, we uncovered conserved patterns of parity-dependent alterations in H3 dopaminylation and transcription. We further established the sufficiency of dopamine modulation in regulating these adaptations via chemogenetic suppression of dopamine release into the dHF, which recapitulated key epigenomic and behavioural features of reproductive experience in virgin female mice. In sum, our findings establish dopamine as a central regulator of parity-induced neuroadaptations in humans and mice, revealing a fundamental transcriptional mechanism by which female reproductive experience remodels the brain to sustain long-term behavioural adaptations.

A machine learning framework for structural and predictive analysis of intelligent data networks

Measurement of reactor neutrino oscillation with the first JUNO data