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Smart city Infrastructure for Sustainable Urban Logistics
The necessity for smart city infrastructure to enable sustainable urban logistics has been brought to light by the global trend of urbanization and the rising demand for cost-effective and environmentally friendly logistics solutions. The main elements, enabling technologies, and implementation difficulties related to creating smart city infrastructure for urban logistics are allthoroughly reviewed in this study. Cities are finding it more difficult to manage the logistics of providing products and services to citizens and companies in a sustainable and effective way as urban populations continue to rise. Conventional urban logistics models are frequently in effective because they depend on disjointed systems and exacerbate problems like air pollution, traffic jams, and greenhouse gas emissions. On the other hand, new chances to improve urbanlogistics and make it more sustainable are presented by the rise of smart city technologies. This study looks at how more sustainable urban logistics can be made possible by smart city infrastructure. Intelligent transportation systems, automated delivery systems, real-time data analytics, and integrated multimodal networks are important parts. Cities may increase vehicle usage, streamline delivery routes, and transition to green reforms of transportation like electric cars by utilizing these technologies. Overall, this research shows how smart city infrastructuremay play a key role in facilitating sustainable urban logistics, enabling cities to minimize the negative effects of goods movement while simultaneously meeting the changing needs of businesses and citizens. Creating integrated, data-driven logistics systems will be crucial to creating more livable, sustainable urban environments as cities continue to grow.
Implementation of Carry Skip Adder using Carry Select Adder with Improved Area, Delay, and Power Efficiency
This paper presented a Carry Skip Adder (CSKA) structure with less area, less delay, and lower power consumption. This can be achieved with Carry Select Adder's (CSLA) help. The proposed structure uses AND-OR-INVERT (AOI) and OR-AND- INVERT (OAI) compound gates for the skip logic. The use of Carry Select Adder will reduce the number of LUTs used (i.e.) the area of the proposed structure, reduce delay in performing processes, and also reduce power consumption. Simulation of the proposed hybrid CSKA-CSLA structure reveals a reduction in area, delay, and power consumption compared with the CSKA-RCA structure and with the latest works in the field. The simulation results reveal the improvementinareabyreducingthenumberofLUTsfrom91to79 and in delay by reducing the time required to process from 39.969ns to 35. 258ns and power consumption by reducing the power required to process from 64.44 mW to 64.41 mW when compared with the CSKA-RCA structure. This project used the Xilinx ISE tool to simulate the Area and Delay Analysis and the AlteraQuartusI Itool to simulate the Power Analysis.
Wireless Patient Monitoring System with LoRa Communication for Remote Healthcare
This study presents a novel approach to remote healthcare through a wireless patient monitoring system using LoRa communication. The system consists of two main parts: a transmitter and receiver. The transmitter collects vital health data, such as body temperature, SpO2, accelerometer and gyroscope measurements, electrocardiogram (ECG) signals, air quality and heart rate. This information will be transmitted wirelessly using LoRa technology to the receiver section, which will transmit the data to the IoT cloud server. In addition, the receiver section is equipped with a GSM module to send an SMS alert in the event of abnormal health parameters. The aim of this system is to provide real-time monitoring of patients in remote areas, enabling timely interventions and improving accessibility to healthcare. The efficiency and reliability of the system make it a promising solution for remote patient monitoring in challenging environments.
Daily Life Companion: An AI Powered Chatbot for Personalized Daily Life Improvement and Intellectual Health Guidance
Individuals often struggle with managing daily tasks, prioritizing commitments, and maintaining well-being. Identifying and addressing potential mental health concern scan be challenging. This paper proposes a novel approach utilizing a user-friendly chatbot that leverages Natural Language Processing (NLP) to analyze daily journal entries. The chatbot offers personalized suggestions for daily life improvement and non-diagnostic psychological and intellectual health guidance. This paper explores the existing literature on the benefits of journaling and chatbot interventions for mental health, highlighting the potential of NLP-powered analysis to enhance user experience and support.
An Efficient Hybrid Algorithm to Enhance Cloud Data Security with Digital Watermarking Technique
Today, in the era of cloud computing, various types of digital content are being created and uploaded online and used digitally. Providing security, privacy, and originality and ownership rights of this digital content has become a challenging task. It is a good and effective way to completely save the content digitally. Various types of algorithms have traditionally been created to complete the process of watermarking, but these algorithms have some shortcomings and limitations. Keeping these in mind, an algorithm has been created which uses hybrid access based technology and works to increase security, privacy and originality. Under the presented research paper, an algorithm has been proposed with the help of which watermarking technology has been made to perform better and effective
Role of Artificial Intelligence for Improving the Performance of Education System
In past few years’ drastic evolutions in technology has occurred. In almost all sectors artificial intelligence has significantly used. Using AI was little difficult in past but technological advancements have made it possible and feasible. Many people even have a thought that AI may replace the humans in many applications. AI has been used in education, medical, defense, corporate etc. for specific tasks. However, depending on the application, it has its own importance. This paper is an attempt to present a study on role of AI in education sectors and its impact on the performance. Introduction In recent few years’ artificial intelligence has become a part of most of the fields due to its features that has improved the performance. AI has revolutionized the industrial sector, education, agriculture, healthcare and many people think that if it will continue, it will have a direct impact on jobs. There is a threat to jobs, many people may lose their jobs and such various views are a part of common discussion in society. Various researchers have shared their research work elaborating the aspects that have made AI a compulsory component in most of the design and development of systems. No doubt AI has both positive and negative sides. It is necessary to review what makes AI so powerful and in which areas it can replace humans and what are various cautions to be understood while using AI in development of a system. This paper basically discusses various aspects of AI that can be introduced in education to improve the performance. Education system needs to be improved and has been facing challenges at various levels and due to various reasons. As per the reports from various agencies like KPMG students graduated do not have skills as per the requirements of industries. Every education system claims that students graduating from their institute have all the skills required but in practice reality is something different. Hence the government of India has framed a new education policy that will provide students with all the types of skills. In this contest the author of this paper has studied the education system and expressed various aspects of AI which can be utilized to improve the performance of the whole education system. In schools AI can be used to identify the cognitive level of students at entry level only that will be helpful to the concerned student to choose a career in the field of his interest or as per the strength of the concerned student. In the current scenario parents decide the field of education for their wards ignoring the parameter like wards interest, his strengths etc. The impact of such types of trends has resulted in drop out of students from education at various stages.
Railway Train Collision Avoidance on Same track and Animal Detection Using AI - IoT
The increasing demand for safer and more efficient railway transportation systems has prompted the exploration of advanced technologies to mitigate collision risks and address emerging challenges such as animal incursions on railway tracks. This paper proposes a comprehensive solution leveraging Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies for real-time detection and avoidance of collisions between trains operating on the same track and encounters with animals. These sensors capture various environmental and operational data such as train positions, velocities, and track conditions. The AI algorithms analyze this data to identify potential collision risks and animal intrusions. Additionally, real-time communication between trains and the centralized control system enables timely intervention and rerouting decisions to ensure safe operations. The system incorporates advanced image recognition algorithms to detect and classify animals near railway tracks. Utilizing high-resolution cameras and IoT-connected devices, the system identifies animals in the vicinity and alerts train operators or initiates automated braking mechanisms to prevent accidents caused by animal incursions. Key features of the proposed system include scalability to accommodate varying railway infrastructures, adaptability to diverse environmental conditions, and interoperability with existing railway signaling and control systems. Moreover, the integration of AI and IoT technologies enhances the system's predictive capabilities, enabling proactive risk mitigation and improving overall.
A Study on Optimizing E-Commerce Warehousing: Strategies for Efficient Operations
The retail industry has experienced major alter with the fast development of e-commerce, which has driven to request for warehousing and co-ordinations capacities. To meet consumers' developing desires for quick, dependable and cost-effective conveyance, e-commerce companies confront expanding weight to optimize their stock methodology and keep up a competitive advantage. The reason of this comprehensive audit is to look at the current state of e-commerce optimization investigate with a centre on recognizing viable techniques to progress productivity, efficiency, and client fulfilment. The presentation places the subject within the broader setting of the online retail industry and highlights the interesting challenges online retailers confront in overseeing their stock and conveyance operations. This highlights the significance of optimizing these basic capacities to meet the changing requests of the advanced advertise, characterized by shorter arrange and conveyance cycles, expanded client expectations and they require for consistent multi-channel integration. The primary part of the paper presents the hypothetical systems that were utilized within the online store optimization study. It investigates the commitments of co-ordinations administration hypothesis; operations inquire about and supply chain administration to supply a conceptual premise for understanding the complex and interconnected nature of warehousing in an e-commerce environment. Essential concepts such as stockroom administration, stock arrangement and arranging, arrange picking and pressing, and transportation optimization are altogether surveyed, emphasizing their interrelationship and they require for all encompassing, systems-oriented choice making. Another area synthesizes observational discoveries on different techniques and best hones for making strides e-commerce stockroom operations.
CrowdFunding Using Ethereum BlockChain
Crowdfunding has emerged as a popular method for raising capital in various domains, providing a platform for entrepreneurs and innovators to access funds from a broad audience. This paper explores the application of Ethereum blockchain technology to enhance crowdfunding processes, emphasizing decentralization, transparency, and security. Ethereum's smart contract capabilities enable the creation of decentralized crowdfunding platforms, offering a trustless environment where contributors and project creators interact directly without relying on intermediaries. The use of Ethereum's native cryptocurrency, Ether(ETH), facilitates seamless, borderless transactions, eliminating the need for traditional banking systems and reducing transaction costs. Decentralized crowdfunding on the Ethereum blockchain enhances transparency through the immutability of transactions recorded on the blockchain. Contributors can verify the allocation offunds, ensuring that they are used as intended by the project creators.
A Study on Deep Fake Image Detection using ELA and Machine Learning
Deepfake or fabricated images have become extremely realistic that it is impossible to simply distinguish a real image from a deepfake one with the naked eye. Technology has evolved greatly in this area that allows people to have easy access to tools that help them easily create very realistic deepfakes. These modified images are then used for the purposes of identity theft, fraud, dissemination of false information, etc. Not everyone uses these tools in a negative way, many use this technology for good. Some of the good applications can be found in the filmmaking, animation, and video game industry. Due to malicious uses of manipulated media, there is a need for effective tools to detect them. In this study, we make use of the Error Level Analysis Algorithm to pre-process the image and then pass it on to CNN where we train the model and classify the image as genuine or fake.
Educational and Psychological Consequences of the Internal Migration: Left-behind Children in Nepal
One of the major socioeconomic trends observed globally is internal migration. In Nepal, this trend is particularly significant, with many families' experiencing separation as parents migrate for work while their children remain behind. Although internal migration can improve household income and living conditions, the psychological and educational consequences for left-behind children remain underexplored. This research paper proposes a review of the impact of parental internal migration on children aged 10 to 16, examining both its positive and negative effects and suggesting educational policy responses. Using a comparative research design focused on two residential districts (Salyan and Dang), the study surveyed 354 households. The research employed structured questionnaires to assess demographic profiles, family circumstances, child welfare, and educational outcomes. Statistical analyses, including chi-square tests, independent sample t-tests, and logistic regression, were used to evaluate the data. Findings suggest that while remittances from migrant parents may improve household conditions, the absence of parents often creates emotional and psychological gaps that affect children’s educational attendance. Regression results indicate that parental absence significantly affects children’s psychosocial well-being, although academic performance was not uniformly negatively impacted. Key factors influencing outcomes included quality of primary care, family functioning, and the presence of social safety nets. The study highlights the importance of community engagement and local support systems in mitigating the adverse effects of parental migration. It recommends policy measures that support the emotional development and education of left-behind children, as well as broader rural development initiatives aimed at addressing the root causes of migration.
Formulation of microsponges of anti-fungal drugs and their pharmacokinetic and in vitro analysis
Microsponges are uniform, spherical, porous polymeric microspheres having myriad interconnected voids of particle size range 5-300 μm. These microsponges have the capacity to entrap a wide range of active ingredients such as emollients, fragrances, essential oils, sunscreens and anti-infective, etc. and then release them onto the skin over a time in response to a trigger. Microsponge Delivery System (MDS) can be used to resolve the problem associated with these conventional approaches. The drug entrapped microsponges can be incorporated into a formulated product, such as a gel, cream, liquid or powder. Microsponge is as tiny as a particle of talcum powder. Although they are microscopic in size, these systems are too large to pass through the stratum corneum thus preventing excessive accumulation of drugs within the epidermis and dermis, and hence systemic entry of the drugs. They increase the rate of solubilization of poorly water soluble drugs by entrapping such drugs in pores of the microsponges. In this study, Flutrimazole and Oxiconazole nitrate microsponge were prepared by quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion method. The microsponges thus prepared, were evaluated for production yield, loading efficiency, particle size analysis, SEM, IR, DSC, PXRD, characterization of pore structure, in-vitro release study of microsponges, and stability. Then, gels loaded with microsponge and plain drug were formulated and evaluated for rheology, diffusion, skin irritation and antifungal activity. Antifungal activity of Flutrimazole and Oxiconazole nitrate containing microspongic gels were compared with marketed formulations. The microsponges showed good production yield, loading efficiency and particle size. All characteristic peaks of the drugs were concordant with IR spectra of pure drugs. PXRD and DSC studies revealed amorphization of drugs. SEM images showed that styrene microsponges prepared by suspension polymerization were finely spherical and uniform, while Eudragit microsponges prepared by quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion method were comparatively less spherical. According to intrusion and extrusion curves, majority of the pores present in Eudragit microsponges were spherical type, whereas the pores of styrene microsponges were mainly cylindrical-hole type. BET multipoint adsorption isotherm studies revealed that the percent of porosity of styrene microsponges is comparatively higher than Eudragit based microsponges. During the storage of drug-entrapped microsponges at 40±2°C and 75±5% RH for 6 months, surface morphology and release of drug showed no notable changes. Viscosity determination of gel showed that gels loaded with microsponge are more viscous than gel loaded with plain drug. The controlled drug release was observed with all the microspongic gels. Antifungal activity of gels containing microsponge entrapped Flutrimazole and Oxiconazole nitrate showed that antifungal activity of drugs was retained even after entrapment in microsponges and it was higher as compared with the gel containing free drug and marketed formulation. Gels containing drugs entrapped in microsponges.
COUNTERFEIT DRUGS SET ALARM BELLS RINGING: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DRUG POLICIES
The strategy of price liberalisation and privatisation had been implemented in Sudan over the last decade, and has had a positive result on government deficit. The investment law approved recently has good statements and rules on the above strategy in particular to pharmacy regulations. Under the pressure of the new privatisation policy, the government introduced radical changes in the pharmacy regulations. To improve the effectiveness of the public pharmacy, resources should be switched towards areas of need, reducing inequalities and promoting better health conditions. Medicines are financed either through cost sharing or full private. The role of the private services is significant. A review of reform of financing medicines in Sudan is given in this communication. Also, it highlights the current drug supply system in the public sector, which is currently responsibility of the Central Medical Supplies Public Corporation (CMS). In Sudan, the researchers did not identify any rigorous evaluations or quantitative studies about the impact of drug regulations on the quality of medicines and how to protect public health against counterfeit or low quality medicines, although it is practically possible. However, the regulations must be continually evaluated to ensure the public health is protected against by marketing high quality medicines rather than commercial interests, and the drug companies are held accountable for their conduct.
Enhancing Students Experience: A Comprehensive Approach through Uni-Connect
In today's digital age, university students seek comprehensive platforms that transcend basic functionalities to enrich their academic, professional, and social experiences. Inspired by this need, we propose the development of UniConnect, a dynamic web application utilizing the MERN stack. UniConnect serves as a centralized hub offering a plethora of features including user authentication, profile management, event management, job placement, real- time notifications, resource hub, project collaboration tools, peer tutoring, career assessments, and more. This paper outlines the phased development approach undertaken to realize UniConnect's vision, culminating in three distinct phases: Basic, Intermediate, and Advanced versions. Each phase incrementally enhances the platform's capabilities, focusing on functionality, usability, and user engagement. Evaluation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the UniConnect platform in meeting the diverse needs of university students, fostering collaboration, networking, and personal development. Through UniConnect, we aim to revolutionize the university experience, empowering students to thrive academically, professionally, and socially.
Improving Indicators in Intellectual Property Rights Enforcement in Pakistan: A Study of Impact of Integrated IP Management Model
This study highlights the present situation of enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) and its improvement as an impact of implementation of integrated IP management system in Pakistan. The key initiatives taken by the national government and the organization to achieve the target have been discussed in this study. The major steps include centralized IP administration, new IP legislation, up-gradation of IP Laws, introduction of special IP courts as IP tribunal, capacity building of IP personnel, digitization & automation, cooperation & interaction between law and enforcement agencies & departments, accession to international treaties and IP awareness across the country etc. The aforesaid actions made positive image of the country in IPRs situation by improvement in global IPR ranking index.
Legal and Historical Perspective of Plant Breeders Rights Act of Pakistan
Pakistan is an agricultural country and numerous plant varieties have been developed indigenously by local scientists. There was a long felt need to introduce any sort of protection mechanism for these novel plant varieties to protect the research and development (R&D). Being a World Trade Organization (WTO) member, Pakistan acceded to the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) agreement in 1995, and since then, legislation was due to protect the rights of breeders of new plant varieties. In 2016, the Government of Pakistan passed the Plant Breeder’s Rights Act (PBRA), in alignment with the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants Convention of 1991 (UPOV), balancing the interests of biotechnology companies and traditional plant breeders. The current study highlights Pakistan's strengths and areas that still require improvement to meet the nation's demands for plant variety protection.
A Knowledge Graph Service Composition Model for E-Government
In an era of Artificial Intelligence (AI), governments around the world are advancing their digital footprints, and using AI to achieving their objectives of effective and efficient public service delivery and citizens engagement. Knowledge Graph (KG), a constituent AI technology, has proven to be the means through which a government can use to manage the complexity of an e-Government instance, and realize its objective. One area in e-Government that KG is used to address, is the challenge of automated composition of web services, where web services are created and maintained by one government department, but is used by another, in an integrated and interoperable manner. Service composition is the combination of two or more web services to create a composite service in order to accomplish a task. In this paper, we present a KG-based approach for automatically composing web services in an e-Government context. Our aim is to advance the e-Government objective of effective and efficient public service delivery and citizens engagement, given a complex e-Government. We focus on creating a Service Dependency Graph (SDG), which captures the semantic relationships between the services, and we further describe the services with QoS characteristics, and then we create a weighted graph based on these two descriptions. We then adapted the Uniform Cost Search algorithm to find the shortest path between a start node and a goal node. We implement our algorithm, and carried-out experiments to obtain execution times, and we compared our results with benchmark results of comparable experimental setup. The difference in execution times of the service composition task is dependent on factors such as the design of the composition model, the complexity of the composition graph, and the hardware and software environments. Our research approach affords us the means to analyze and design our model; and validate and evaluate our work. Our model and the development approach help to achieve the e-Government goals of efficient and effective service delivery and citizens engagement.
Changing Paradigm of the Labour Laws in India: A legal Analysis
With the evolving landscape of labour laws in India, examining the recent shifts and their implications through a legal lens becomes necessary to study the changes brought by the new legislation. The new labour reforms aim at creating more job opportunities, providing safety and bringing transparency. There are about 200 state legislations and 40 central legislations, which frequently provide colluding jurisdictions, prompting revisions to integrate all of those laws under the umbrella of four labour codes. These codes provide several new clauses addressing the problems of laid-off workers and Unorganized workers.[1] India, with its complex socio-economic fabric and diverse workforce, has undergone significant transformations in its approach to regulating labour relations. The interstate workers have also been provided with the provisions of the Public Distribution System. This work elucidates approaches of the legislature to create a legal framework for dealing with these unique circumstances of labour. It explores whether the standards of international labour law could account for such an arrangement and provides that this is true, and to what degree. The author attempts to analyze the increased awareness and utilization of new labour codes in line with the existing labour legislations for improved assessment of existing labour law principles. [1] Code on Social Security, 2020, ss. 154, 155, 156.
Critical Analysis of Legal Discourse: A study of the Effectiveness of Brazilian Environmental Legislation
The little effectiveness of environmental law does not correspond to the importance that this branch of law has for today's society and for the future of mankind on Earth. The aim of the present study was to analyze the role of the Judiciary in dealing with environmental issues through the identification of the categories of reasoning of legal discourses arising from environmental demands trials. The methodology used was critical discourse analysis based on the categories formulated by Fairclough (2001). The sample consisted of a Direct Action of Unconstitutionality (ADI) judged by the Federal Supreme Court and an environmental Public Civil Action (ACP) judged by the Federal Judicial Section of Piauí (SJPI). The study showed that the discourses captured in the interviews of the practitioners are against the written legal discourses, however their discursive practices have not yet been sufficient to transform the ideological positions demarcated in the Judiciary. It is believed that legal discourses are in many cases the consequence of a doctrinal formation based on individual rights and cultural values that do not have the environment as a priority, and also due to the divergence of position regarding the eminent issues of society when compared to environmental issues.
Consumer Protection in The New Digital Decade
In this article, the effect of digitization, the use of the Internet and the Internet of Things on consumers in the EU in general and in Romania in particular is discussed. The research is linked to the legislation and policies for accelerating the digital transformation and to the concrete digital objectives pursued in the implementation of the Digital Decade at the level of the European Union. Creating new volumes of data through the implementation of digital services and technologies can create new issues related to data protection and therefore maintaining consumer confidence, confidentiality, access to data and their integrity. The right to information and the information of the average consumer are perhaps the most important aspects of consumer protection. These are key elements of the informed decisions that the consumer must make, in and about the digital environment, so that it is protected against risks and possible harm to its health, safety and fundamental rights. The research results reveal the vulnerability of Romanian consumers to the new reality imposed by the acceleration of digitalization at European level and proposes measures to reduce the digital divide in terms of digital skills.