Browse Articles
Discover research articles across all indexed journals
Efficient Redundancy Detection in Large-Scale Examinations: A SRNN Model for Enhanced Test Quality and Resource Optimization
This project aims to develop an artificial intelligence model capable of efficiently detecting and eliminating redundancies in multiple-choice tests used in large-scale competitive examinations. By exploiting the data processing capabilities of deep learning, this model aims to improve the quality and reliability of the tests. This will ensure a fairer and more equitable assessment of candidates' skills but also optimize the time and resources needed to design and revise items. The project aims to facilitate the work of test designers by automating part of the revision process while maintaining high standards of item diversity and relevance.
Create Certificate and Verification System Using Blockchain Technology and Fast Response
The increase in fake certificates is causing serious problems for people today, especially affecting employment opportunities. Crime has turned into a rapidly growing business, driven by the demand for certification. Law graduates often face problems finding employment due to the number of fake certificates. To solve this problem, many researchers have proposed proof of concept. However, while these systems provide some benefits such as centralized data management, they are vulnerable to theft and hacking. This document introduces a new method to create and verify certificates using blockchain technology and Quick Response (QR) codes. The system is designed using an iterative and incremental model with data flows and the use of events to inform its operation. This application uses Hypertext Preprocessor Pages (PHP) as the frontend and Spring Boot (a Java framework) as the backend. Test results show that the system is not only environmentally safe, but also protects the student's identity from anonymous identification. Fake certificates have become a social problem, especially affecting the employment of law graduates. To solve this problem, researchers have proposed authentication systems, but these systems are often vulnerable to hackers due to centralized servers. This article introduces the creation and authentication of certificates using blockchain technology and QR codes. The system is designed to use discrete and incremental patterns using data flow and events to inform its operation. Choose PHP and Spring Boot for frontend and backend usage respectively. Testing shows that the system is secure and can protect student identities from anonymous verification. The system uses blockchain technology to ensure high security, as the nature of blockchain makes it resistant to tampering and fraud. Each certificate is stored on the blockchain as a block containing all important information such as the certificate holder's name, issuance date and verification date. Security is further strengthened with QR codes, allowing certificates to be easily verified using a smartphone or other QR code scanning device. function. PHP's simplicity and ease of use make it ideal for creating dynamic web pages and performance applications. The combination of these technologies ensures that the system is efficient and effective. Creating proofs and verifications mentioned in this article provides security and solutions to the problem of illegal authentication. Using blockchain technology and QR codes, the system protects graduates and employers from fraud issues such as certificate fraud by providing a reliable way to verify the authenticity of the certificate.
Towards Improved Vulnerability Management in Digital Environments: A Comprehensive Framework for Cyber Security Enhancement
This study aimed at developing a comprehensive framework that enhances cyber security and improves vulnerability management in a digital environment. The study reviewed the challenges of vulnerability management in digital environments, with a focus on cyber-physical power systems (CPPS). Through a comprehensive literature review, existing Cyber Security frameworks like NIST, ISO 27001, and ISA/IEC 62443 were evaluated based on their applicability to CPPS. Key vulnerabilities and threat vectors unique to the integration of operational technology and information technology in CPPS were identified. The dual role of artificial intelligence (AI) in enhancing Cyber Security defences while enabling sophisticated AI-driven attacks was explored. Gaps in current frameworks, such as the lack of standardized AI integration and real-time threat detection capabilities, were highlighted. The study synthesized its findings to propose a comprehensive framework that addresses these gaps such as providing guidelines for secure AI adoption and offering strategies to mitigate emerging cyber threats effectively. The study recommended developing AI-specific security protocols, fostering interdisciplinary collaboration, and ensuring continuous framework updates to match the evolving cyber threat landscape. This research aimed to strengthen Cyber Security resilience in critical digital infrastructures.
Generation Control of Multi-Area Multi-Source Power System using Fire-Fly Algorithm
This article presents automatic generation control (AGC) of an interconnected three area power system having different production sources such as hydropower, thermal and gas power plants. The control areas are provided with single reheat turbine and generation rate constraints of 3%/min. An attempt has been made to apply a Proportional derivative–Proportional integral derivative (PD–PID) cascade controller in AGC. Controller gains are optimized simultaneously using more robust and powerful evolutionary computational technique Firefly Algorithm (FFA). Performance of classical controllers such as Proportional Integral (PI) and Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller are investigated and compared with PD–PID cascade controller. Investigations reveal that PI, and PID provide more or less same response where as PD–PID cascade controller provides much better response than the later. The system dynamic performances are studied with 1% and 2% step load perturbation in Area1. Sensitivity analysis reveals that the FFA optimized PD–PID Cascade controller parameters obtained at nominal condition of loading, size and position of disturbance and system parameter (Inertia constant, H) are robust and need not be reset with wide changes in system loading, size, position of disturbance and system parameters.
Study on Structural Behavior of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Concrete
Worldwide, a great deal of research is currently being conducted concerning the use of Fibre Reinforced Concrete, Laminates and Sheets in the strengthening and repairing of reinforced concrete members. There have also been several advances made in the development of fibre reinforced concrete to control cracking and crack propagation in plain concrete, and to increase the overall ductility of the material. Majorly, Synthetic fiber has played a dominant role for a long time in a variety of applications for their high specific strength and modulus. In this project the overall aim is to utilize and evaluate the structural performance of Natural Based Basalt Fiber in the concrete which it has as an properties which it is similar to synthetic fibers. The optimum percentage of Basalt fibre in concrete was found with respect to cube compressive strength at the age of 7 and 28 days. The cube specimen was casted for different percentages such as 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15%, 0.20%, 0.25%, 0.30%, 0.35%, 0.40%, 0.45% and 0.50%(by volume of fraction) by the mass of concrete. The optimum level of basalt fibre was determined. By keeping the optimum level of dosage of fiber the structural behavior of the concrete was evaluated by casting a Beam. By the Structural Behaviour Test, the Basalt Fiber Reinforced concrete shows effective properties such as it control cracking and increase the properties like Tensile strength, Energy absorption and Stiffness. So, Basalt Fibre Reinforced Concrete has the potential for large scale use in concrete construction.
A New Intelligent Home Automation with Integration of Solar and Grid
This project presents a groundbreaking paradigm shift in residential energy management and automation, offering an innovative solution that seamlessly integrates two diverse energy sources: solar and conventional grid (EB) power. With solar energy taking precedence as the primary power supply, meticulously controlled by the versatile ESP32 microcontroller, the system ensures a consistent and reliable energy supply by intelligently switching to grid power when solar resources are scarce, seamlessly reverting back to solar power as soon as it becomes available again. In addition to its dynamic energy management capabilities, the project incorporates an LCD screen to provide homeowners with real-time insights into their energy consumption patterns, offering a comprehensive overview of usage data from both energy sources. This invaluable information empowers users to make informed decisions about their energy usage habits, fostering a more conscious and efficient approach to power consumption. Furthermore, the integration of the Blynk 2.0 IoT platform elevates the project to new heights by enabling remote monitoring and control of the system. Through this intuitive interface, users can effortlessly manage their energy usage from anywhere using their smart phones or computers, ensuring maximum flexibility and convenience. Expanding beyond traditional energy management, the project delves into the realm of home automation with the incorporation of an additional ESP32 microcontroller. This feature-rich functionality empowers users to remotely control lighting fixtures, enhance safety measures with gas detection capabilities utilizing MQ2 sensors, and efficiently monitor water levels using ultrasonic sensors, all seamlessly integrated into the IoT eco system. This holistic solution not only prioritizes renewable energy sources and automates power source transitions but also leverages the transformative potential of IoT technology to create a sustainable and intelligent approach to energy management. Powered by ESP32 technology, this project serves as a trailblazer for the future of smart, efficient, and eco-friendly homes, setting a new standard for residential energy management and automation.
Smart and Intelligent Weather Adaptive Street Lighting System Using IoT
In this paper, an Internet of Things (IoT)- based smart and intelligent weather-adaptive street lighting system containing an Arduino UNO, an ESP 8266, an LDR, a voltage sensor, a current sensor, a PIR, a relay, and a mobile or web application is designed and implemented. This project's primary goal is to create an intelligent and adaptable street lighting system that will guarantee constant lighting for rural residents. This project is to minimize the electricity losses, reduce the manpower used in manually switching on-off the street lights and & energy cost. There are three primary parts to the system: An Arduino NANO, ESP 8266 is a Wi-Fi module for signal transfer and a smart phone that can operate web page servers. These days, consumers are searching for smart systems that require less maintenance and use less energy. This intelligent street light only turns on when needed, and it continues to run on its own subsequent evenings even in the absence of sunlight. Furthermore, an Arduino NANO was used to include a PIR sensor, which detects motion and turns on the lights to bright mode by turning on more lights. Taking those factors into account, these smart streetlights are equipped with an Internet of Things (IoT) powered adaptive system that can detect malfunctions and send message to parent system.
Strength Assessment of RCC Beam With Partial Replacement of Metakaolin and Marble Dust
The most popular and adaptable building material is concrete, which is typically used to withstand compressive stress. A few pozzolanic elements can be added as admixtures to improve the various qualities of concrete. Calcified clay, or metakaolin, is widely accessible in Gujarat, Maharashtra, Bombay, and other places. It is the clay mineral kaolinite in a dehydroxylated state. Metakaolin particles are smaller than cement particles in size. Marble dust is produced by the industries that cut and manufacture marble. Approximately 3500 metric tons of marble dust slurry is produced daily in India. Therefore, marble dust may be found extremely cheaply and simply. Because marble dust has some advantages over cement, it is recommended to utilize it in part. The current study details an experimental program designed to explore the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams where river sand was partially replaced with marble powder in preparation for concrete and metakaolin was used in place of some of the cement. In this work, partial cement replacement has been carried out using MK (Metakaolin) at 5% and 10% and MP (Marble Powder) at 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. Concrete manufactured with MK-MP has been compared to conventional concrete of grade M30 in terms of both compressive and tensile strength. The Rapid Chloride Migration Test, or RCMT, was also used to examine the durability of concrete.
Development and Properties of Low-Calcium Fly Ash-Based Geo polymer Concrete
The main objective of this current study is to develop a cement free concrete material because of the green house effect during the manufacture of cement. It is reported that every one tonne production of cement emits one tonne carbon dioxide which causes global warming and in broad sense disturbs the entire ecological system. It results the promotion of geopolymer concrete where silica and alumina will bind together with alkaline solution during the process of polymerization. The researchers taken greater initiatives in geopolymer concrete there is no specific study related to the mix design because of commercialization and patenting. Hence the authors interested in identifying specific mix design using trial proportion of low calcium fly ash and alkaline solutions (sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide). This investigation deals suggested that pozzolans such as blast furnace slag might be activated using alkaline liquids to form a binder and hence totally replace the use of OPC in concrete. In this scheme, the main contents to be activated are silicon and calcium in the blast furnace slag. The main binder produced is a C-S-H gel, as the result of the hydration process.
Flexural Behaviour of RC Beam with Pond Flyash and ESP FlyAsh
The use of Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCM) such as Fly ash, Granulated Slag and Silica fume as a replacement for Portland cement in concrete presents one viable solution with multiple benefits for the sustainable development of the construction industry. Out of various supplementary materials, Fly ash is the most widely used material worldwide. Fly ash has excellent structural and durability characteristics. The pore filling effect and pozzolanic properties of Flyash improves the properties of fresh and hardened concrete. In addition to the cost saving bythe replacement amount of cement; it reduces co2emission during the manufacture of Portland cement. In the present investigation, a controlled beam and six number of ESP flyash and Pond flyash beams of size 200 x 100 x 1700 mm were cast. This paper deals with the investigation on the flexural behaviour of beam with pond flyash and ESP (Electro static precipitated) flyash at various cement replacement levels of 4%, 6%, and 8% and the results are compared with controlled beam. The flexural test was conducted to determine the ultimate load carrying capacity of the beams and their corresponding mid span deflection, load point deflection, crack pattern, Stress vs strain are measured. The flexural strength of ESP flyash is increased 24.76% for 8% replacement level and pond flyash is increased 10.97 % for 6% replacement level than controlled beam respectively. This study revealed that the replacement of cement by flyash concrete provides higher compressive strength & flexural strength compared with controlled concrete.
Behaviour of FRC Beams with Different Combination of Fibers
The use of fibers in reinforced concrete (RC) beams mainly improves both the bearing capacity and the cracking control. In this way, positive effects on the service life of RC structures can be expected. In this paper, the fiber influence on the flexural behaviour of RC beams with different longitudinal reinforcement ratios (0.5% ≤ρs≤ 1.2%) is analyzed by testing small-scale RC beams. Concretes incorporating 0, 25 and 50 kg/m3 of steel, 6 and 12 kg/m3 of glass macro fibers, and 5 and 10 kg/m3 of polymer macro fibers were studied. Crack and deflection control, as well as bearing capacity and crack localization were evaluated for a broad range of fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) toughness. It is verified that fibers, in the longitudinal reinforcement ratio considered, improve the bending behaviour at serviceability limit state (SLS) and ultimate limit state (ULS) of RC beams, without limiting the structure ductility. It was also confirmed the philosophy of the fib Model Code 2010, such that FRC can be considered as a composite material where performance parameters govern its mechanical behaviour. Finally, the several data available allowed to deeply analyze fib Model Code 2010 formulations (mean crack spacing and flexural bearing capacity) and to propose modifications where needed.
Experimental Investigation on Self Curing High Performance Concrete
Proper curing of concrete structures is important to ensure that they meet their intended performance and ductility requirements. Therefore an effective in situ curing is necessary to maximize the degree of hydration and to minimize cracking problems due to drying shrinkage. Traditional external curing could not achieve a desired effect due to very low permeability and high chemical reaction in high-performance concrete. So some researches shifted their attention to self curing, a new curing method that may greatly enhance the curing effect on high performance concrete. Super Absorbent Polymers (SAP) are used as self curing agent. SAPs are a group of polymeric materials that have the ability to absorb and retain a significant amount of liquid from their surroundings and to retain the liquid within their structure without dissolving. In this study investigate experimentally and analytically the behavior of exterior beam-column joint and strength characteristics of Self Curing high performance Concrete (SCC) containing Super Absorbent Polymers (SAP) and Silica Fume. In this investigation SCHPC was made by replacement of cement by 10% of Silica fume and Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP) added at a various range of 0%, 0.2%, 0.3%, and 0.4% of cement. The experimental results were then compared with analytical results obtained from the FEM Analysis using ANSYS 14.0. Load Deflection characteristics, Stiffness, Ductility were studied and it is found that the SCHPC has shown good improvement in load caring capacity. Mechanical characteristics like Compressive strength, Split-tensile strength, Flexural strength and Modulus of Elasticity examined. A mathematical model was conducted using SPSS software for the mechanical characteristics of SCHPC.A comparative study between the results obtained from the laboratory and SPSS has been made. The predicted mathematical model for mechanical characteristics produced accurate results for the respective ages when compared with the experimental results. Also, the durability study for Self cuing concrete after 28 and 56 days curing was done by conducting the tests such as saturated water absorption, porosity, Acid resistance, Sea water resistance, Accelerated electrolytic corrosion and Modified sorptivity.
Experimental Investigation on Durability Properties of Slurry Infiltrated Fiber Concrete
Slurry infiltrated fibrous concrete (SIFCON) can be considered as a special and advanced type of steel fiber reinforced concrete composite. SIFCON is produced by infiltrating rich flow able cement slurry into the bed of preplaced fibers in the mold. In this paper, an attempt has been made to investigate the durability study of SIFCON. An ordinary Portland cement is used with fiber contents of (5%, 7.5%, 10%, and 12%). This study also presents the effect of incorporating Metakaolin (MK) on the mechanical and durability properties of SIFCON for a constant water/cement ratio of 0.5. The physical properties include the specific gravity, density, fineness modulus, water absorption, consistency. The above properties are studied for materials used like cement, fly ash, coarse aggregate, ceramic, sand and laterite. Mechanical properties of the hardened concrete such as compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, and durability properties like water absorption, sorptivity, acid test, marine environment are tested and the values are validated. Metakaolin is a waste/non-conventional material which can be utilized beneficially in the construction industry. From the literature survey, Metakaolin inclusion increases the compressive, tensile, flexural and bend strength and modulus of elasticity of mortar considerably; however, the workability is slightly compromised.
Experimental Investigation on Ductility in Fly Ash Aggregate Concrete
Aggregate in concrete is structural filler, which occupies the most of the volume of the concrete The composition, shape and size of the aggregate have significant impact on the workability, durability, strength, weight and shrinkage of the concrete. In recent period some of the aggregates are chemically active and also that certain aggregates exhibit chemical bond at the interface of aggregate and paste. Aggregate occupy 60-80% of the volume of concrete is considerable. The utilization of fly ash in concrete as partial replacement of cement is gaining immense importance today, mainly on account of the improvement in the long term durability of concrete combined with ecological benefits. Three grades of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) are 33,43 and 53 as classified by Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS) are commonly used in construction industry. The main variable investigated in this study is variation of fly ash dosage in 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%. The compressive strength, durability and shrinkage of concrete were mainly studied. The fly ash is collected in Mettur Thermal Power Plant. Then the cement and fly ash proportions of 12.5:87.5, 15:85 and 17.5:82.5 will be adopted to get fly ash aggregates. The particle size distribution, specific gravity, bulk density, impact test on aggregate will be conducted. For the plain concrete and fly ash aggregate concrete of beams (Plain concrete and RCC beams), cubes and cylinders will be cast. All the specimens will be cured in a curing tank. The Ductility test and compressive strength test will be conducted on these plain and fly ash aggregate concrete specimens.
Experimental Investigations on Mineral Admixtures and Steel Fibers in High Strength Concrete
In the process of manufacturing of concrete sand is the most commonly used fine aggregate. The main sources for the natural sand are river beds. These characteristic assets are getting depleted because of over abuse and defilement by chemicals and waste from nearby industries. The waste generated from the demolition of existing structures for various reasons causes great concern and ecological issues. In this project our main objective is to study the influence of partial replacement of F.A with recycled fine aggregate and to compare it with the compressive strength and workability of high strength M60 concrete. We are also trying to replace the various percentages of recycled fine aggregate to study the tendency of the Characteristic strength of concrete.
Studies on Concrete Replaced with Waste Tyre Rubber as Fine Aggregate
Concrete is one of the most extensively used construction material in the world and the mineral aggregates used to make the concrete are a finite resource, which is fast dwindling. On the other hand, Waste tyre treatment is now a serious global threat. Waste tyre dumping, disposal of these materials or burning these tyres cause serious environmental and health problems. The public, governments and industry are all greatly interested in green environment and engineering approaches towards better sustainable development. At the same time, these studies can help to make the environment clean and minimize waste. An emerging use is the production of concrete, in which rubber tyre particles Partially replace natural coarse aggregates. One of the solutions suggested is the use of tyre rubber aggregates as additive in cement based material. Waste tyres are cut into small pellets of size matching the nominal aggregate size and are used to replace the coarse aggregate used in concrete. For comparative analysis, concrete mix of M20 grade is prepared for various concrete mixes by varying percentage replacement of mineral coarse aggregates by 4, 6, and 8 rubber aggregates and the mechanical properties of rubber concrete are compared with that of conventional concrete. Different combinations of crumb rubber with traditional coarse aggregate were evaluated based on compression strength and flexural strength tests were conducted according to Indian Standard.
Behavior of Polypropylene Fibre Reinforced Fly Ash Concrete RC Beams in Flexure
This paper presents an experimental investigation on the polypropylene fibre reinforced fly ash concrete RC beams under flexure. The variables of study include the polypropylene fibre content (0.2 % & 0.4%). The polypropylene fibre and 10% of Fly ash as cement replacement are incorporated in all the concrete mix proportions considered in this study. The experimental test results showed that the compressive strength of concrete increases with the increasing percentage of fibre. The flexural strength of polypropylene fibre reinforced fly ash concrete beams increased considerably than the control concrete beams.
Influence of Bacteria in Self – Healing Fly Ash Concrete
Traditional concrete is considered brittle, rigid and susceptible to cracks. Synthetic polymers used for the repair of cracks are susceptible to ultraviolet radiations, high cost and emanate toxic gases. This project presents the results of an experimental investigation carried out to evaluate the influence of Bacillus Megaterium bacteria on the compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength and self-healing characteristics of concrete made without and with fly ash. Cement was replaced with four percentages (10, 20, 30 and 40) with fly ash by weight. A cell concentration of 105 cells/ml of bacteria was used in making the concrete mixes. Tests were performed at the age of 28 days. Test results indicated that the inclusion of Bacillus Megaterium in fly ash concrete enhanced the compressive, split tensile and flexural strength. This improvement in strength was due to deposition on the bacteria cell surfaces within the pores. The present work highlights the influence of bacteria on the properties of concrete made with supplementary cementing material such as like fly ash. Usage of bacteria like Bacillus Megaterium improves strength and durability of fly ash concrete through self-healing effect
Foundation Protection of Buildings in Coastal Areas Using Cathodic Protection
Foundation of the building plays a major role in proving stability to the entire structure. Foundation soil in the Coastal region having lot of sea water intrusion. The salt content and several minerals present in the sea water having the tendency to erosion of materials like metals and non-metals. The pile foundation present in the coastal region will have reinforcement incorporated on it. It should be strong enough to sustain the entire building loads until its service life. This reinforcement may continuously be exposed to the sea water intrusion on the underground, and it will cause deterioration of reinforcement and it leads to durability issues. The entire structure will be unstable if the foundation is damaged, or it can’t take the building load. In several cases, entire building is collapsed due to the uneven settlement caused by the foundation failure. This can be prevented by using an Anti-corrosion method called Cathodic Protection. A demonstration is made on this idea with an electrical voltage supply by using battery.
Study on Sorptivity Test on Fly Ash Aggregate Concrete
Aggregate is most widely used in reinforced concrete construction. In this investigation, fly ash aggregates were used in concrete and its effect on durability of concrete was studied. The fly ash was collected from Mettur Thermal Power plant. Then the cement fly ash proportion of 10:90, 12.5:87.5, 15:85, 17.5:82.5, 20:80 and 22.5:77.5 were adopted to get fly ash aggregates. The Particle size distribution, Specific gravity and Water absorption tests on aggregates were conducted. M20 grade of concrete was considered. The fresh concrete tests like Slump test and Compacting factor test were conducted. For the plain concrete and fly ash aggregate concrete the cubes were cast. All the specimens were cured in a curing tank. The plain and fly ash aggregate concrete cube specimens were cast and tested at the age of 28days and 56days. Sorptivity and saturated water absorption tests were conducted on these plain and fly ash aggregate concrete specimens. The results were tabulated and compared by drawing graphs. Based on the results obtained, conclusions and suggestions were made.