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A Legal Examination of Stabilization Clauses in Petroleum Contracts in Cameroon
This study aims to explore the legal examination of stabilization clauses in petroleum contracts in Cameroon. Stabilization clauses forms one of the pillars in protecting the interest of foreign investors in petroleum contractual arrangements. These clauses act as a shield to investors as they protect oil companies from the modification attempts in the agreement by host countries by subsequent legislative changes. Their legal validity in the Cameroonian petroleum industry has been guaranteed by the Petroleum Law of the country. However, the findings of this research reveals that the applicability of these clauses remains questionable as the Cameroonian government can implement nationalization and expropriation based on public utility, security or national interest, with suitable compensation. Furthermore, the Cameroonian government can introduce new legislative or regulatory changes in the petroleum contracts, the terms of which must be agreed by both sides and if an agreement is not reached, the matter can be resolved through arbitration.
International Tourism Law: Freedom Of Movement of People Between Tourism and Terrorism
Considering the humanization of international law, international tourism continues to challenge the right to freedom of movement. The opportunity to meet other people, visit different places, and experience diverse cultures is a unique and individual experience that can reduce the likelihood of international conflicts. As such, international tourism is an important vehicle through which individuals can contribute to global peace. Ensuring the free movement of international tourists is not only essential for the proper functioning of the tourism industry but also reflects the global rights of individuals. In recent years, the global tourism industry has faced significant challenges beyond terrorism, including the COVID-19 pandemic, geopolitical conflicts such as the Russia-Ukraine war, and the ongoing tensions in regions like the Middle East. These events have underscored the vulnerability of international tourism to external shocks and the resulting impact on global stability and peace. The reinstatement of visa requirements by countries like Brazil in 2024 further illustrates the delicate balance between national security and the right to freedom of movement. This paper discusses the complex relationship between the right to freedom of movement under international law and the various factors that impact international tourism, including terrorism, pandemics, and geopolitical conflicts. It highlights the critical importance of maintaining open and secure borders for the continuation of international tourism and its role in fostering global understanding and peace.
Potential Conflict of Interest President Director PT Pacific Furniture from an Overseas Company at the Extraordinary General Meeting of Shareholders
Actions that contain conflicts of interest are prohibited in the limited liability company law because they have a negative impact on the company and shareholders. One of the actions that is prohibited because it has the potential to cause a conflict of interest is representing the votes of shareholders in voting at other general meetings of shareholders by members of the board of directors, members of the board of commissioners, and employees of the company. However, the managing director of PT Pacific Furniture actually carried out the act of representation on the grounds that the represented party was a company established abroad so that it was not obedient and subject to Indonesian law. In fact, the managing director of PT Pacific Furniture held multiple positions because he declared himself a legitimate representative because he was the president director of a company established abroad. This becomes a problem because whether the actions of the managing director who votes for himself and represents a company established abroad meet the qualifications of a conflict of interest and what are the legal consequences of the decision of the Other GMS which contains a conflict-of-interest Research using normative juridical methods with analytical descriptive specifications through literature study data collection techniques and qualitative normative analysis methods. The purpose of this research is to find out the qualifications of conflict of interest and its consequences on the decision of the extraordinary general meeting of shareholders containing conflict of interest so as to provide a basis for determining criteria regarding conflict of interest.
Assessing the Legal Framework for Healthcare Needs of the Aged & Senior Citizens in Nigeria
This article examines the legal framework for the healthcare needs of senior citizens in Nigeria, highlighting the challenges and gaps in the existing framework. The research has tried to map the sufficiency of the legal framework for healthcare needs for the aged in Nigeria, by exploring the status of healthcare of senior citizens in Nigeria and examining the challenges and gaps in the implementation of legislation and policies in the welfare of the senior citizens in Nigeria. Doctrinal research methodology and an analytical approach helped assess the available legal framework, policies and decided cases by courts. It was noted available legal provisions and initiatives are inadequate and ineffective in addressing the healthcare needs of this vulnerable population. It is observed that gaps exist in Nigeria's legal framework and policies. The research recommendations can be harnessed to propose a working bill to the National Assembly in this regard.
A Review of Foot pressure Measurement of Diabetic and Analysis Patients
Peripheral neuropathy, the main risk factor for diabetic foot ulcers (DFU), causes loss of protective feeling and is linked to very high plantar pressures. The goal of DFU preventive techniques is to lower these elevated plantar pressures. However, there are a number of limitations to the evidence that supports the connection between plantar pressure and DFUs, which could account for the poor prediction accuracy found in prospective studies. Most research measures the vertical, as opposed to the shear, barefoot plantar pressure in lab settings as opposed to in real-world activities. Previous DFU location-specific pressure was not well studied. Prior research has mostly concentrated on walking; however activity tracking studies indicate that more time is spent on other weight-bearing tasks, when a longer duration of lower "peak" plantar pressure may be applied. This suggests that a measure of the cumulative pressure applied over time might be more pertinent than peak pressure, however more investigation is required. Further research is needed, however studies have shown that delivering pressure feedback may lessen plantar pressures. This is an emerging potential use of smart technology. To increase our knowledge of the pressures that lead to DFUs and the efficacy of therapies, more pressure assessments pertaining to location-specific pressures pertaining to all weight-bearing activities are needed.
Advancements in Biocompatible Materials for Enhanced Medical Implants
The incessant evolution of implantable medical devices necessitates parallel advancements in biocompatible materials to ensure optimal compatibility with the complex physiological milieu. This research addresses the critical need for improved biocompatible materials by exploring novel compositions and fabrication techniques. The study aims to enhance the performance and longevity of implantable medical devices, mitigating adverse tissue responses and fostering seamless integration within the biological system. Employing advanced material science principles, the investigation seeks to unravel the intricacies of biocompatibility, focusing on cellular response, inflammation, and long-term stability. The outcome promises to propel the field of implantable medical devices by contributing robust materials that transcend current limitations, fostering safer and more efficacious biomedical interventions.
Detection of Ovarian Tumors Using TVUS Imaging and Segmentation Techniques
Ovarian most cancers remains a giant health subject due to its regularly asymptomatic development until superior stages, where treatment options are confined. Early detection is critical for enhancing affected person outcomes and survival costs. This observe proposes a comprehensive technique leveraging superior photograph processing techniques for the early detection and category of ovarian tumors the usage of trans vaginal ultrasound (TVUS) snap shots. The method starts with preprocessing steps which include median filtering to do away with noise artifacts inclusive of salt and pepper noise from ultrasound photos. Ultimately, picture enhancement techniques are applied to enhance contrast and intensity, observed through binary sample evaluation to signify texture features vital for tumor identification. Photo segmentation is performed the use of okay- manner clustering and gray degree Co-prevalence Matrix (GLCM) analysis to isolate and analyze areas of interest within the ovarian photos. A Convolutional Neural community (CNN) is then hired for correct classification of ovarian tumors as regular, benign, or malignant primarily based on the extracted functions. This approach not handiest enhances the diagnostic accuracy but also minimizes affected person publicity to ionizing radiation, making it appropriate for ordinary medical applications. The proposed methodology represents a considerable advancement within the discipline of ovarian cancer detection, presenting a non-invasive and green way to evaluate ovarian health and facilitate timely intervention. Destiny research directions include refining the set of rules’s performance with large datasets and exploring additional imaging modalities for complete ovarian fitness evaluation.
AI-Driven Cardiomegaly Detection Using Cutting-Edge Chest X–ray imagery
This project aims to develop an innovative approach for detecting cardiomegaly, a condition characterized by an enlarged heart, using machine learning techniques, specifically Support Vector Machines (SVM), and state-of-the-art chest X-ray imagery. Cardiomegaly serves as a significant indicator of various cardiac diseases, and early detection through accurate imaging analysis can lead to timely intervention and improved patient outcomes. The proposed machine learning solution utilizes SVM algorithms trained on a diverse dataset of chest X-ray images to automatically identify signs of cardiomegaly with high precision and reliability. By harnessing the power of SVM, this system offers a non-invasive and cost-effective method for screening large populations for cardiac abnormalities, facilitating early diagnosis and appropriate medical management. Key features of the developed solution include robust feature extraction techniques, real-time analysis, and integration with existing healthcare infrastructure for seamless implementation in clinical settings. Moreover, the system prioritizes patient privacy and data security by adhering to relevant regulations and standards governing medical imaging and information management. Overall, this project represents a significant advancement in the field of cardiac health monitoring, providing healthcare professionals with a valuable tool for early detection and management of cardiomegaly, ultimately improving patient care and reducing the burden of cardio vascular disease
A Review of an Effective Deep Learning Network for Estimating COVID-19 severity from chest X-ray Imagery: Co Severity-Net
The COVID-19 pandemic has become an integral part of our existence and shows no signs of abating. In 2020, the World Health Organization declared it a pandemic, and its effects have impacted our lives in myriad ways. To detect COVID-19 from Chest X-Ray images, researchers have developed deep learning techniques. Given the severity of the disease, scoring the level of COVID-19 infection can aid in determining the optimal course of treatment and care for patients, as not all COVID-19 positive patients require specialized medical attention. However, the limited availability of a large-scale dataset has resulted in few studies being conducted to estimate the severity of the disease from Chest X-Ray images. Consequently, we propose CoV Severity-Net, a deep learning-based architecture trained on a public COVID-19 dataset curated by experienced radiologists for severity estimation. Our proposal is based on a review of 18 papers from reputable sources such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct.
The Investigation of Machine Learning and Deep Learning Classification of Internet of Things (IoT) Enabled Medical Devices
The present cross-sectional, quantitative study investigates the classification capabilities of ML and DL in processing data from IoT-enabled medical devices: heart rate variability (HRV), blood pressure, blood glucose levels, and physical activity in patients with diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Eight patients from AIIMS, New Delhi participated in this study. In the current investigation, two types of measurements are taken into consideration: cardiovascular measures and diabetes management metrics, which include BMI, blood pressure, blood glucose, physical activity, and HRV. The outcomes showed a positive association with blood glucose level and age (0.55), negative correlation between blood glucose and physical activity (-0.68), which had significant significance towards exercising importance in diabetes management. Blood glucose correlated moderately favorably with BMI with 0.45, while age and BMI correlated at 0.32. These results show how ML and DL techniques can improve the interpretation of complex health parameters from IoT-enabled devices to better manage patients and develop specific healthcare plans in chronic diseases.
Review on -Draceana Trifasciata
Dracaena trifasciata (Prain) Mabb. (Asparagaceae) is a perennial herb widely known as mother-in-law's tongue that is grown as a decorative plant in homes and parks. Native to tropical West Africa, In many different regions, the leaves and rhizomes are traditionally used as an analgesic and antipyretic, as well as against acne, fungal infections, skin itches, allergies, ulcers, helminths, earaches, pharyngitis, and urinary illnesses. This review provides a thorough description of this multifaceted herb's botany, traditional use, pharmacognosy, phytochemistry, and pharmacology.
Development and Validation of Bioanalytical Method for Simultaneous Quantification of Anti-Hypertensive Drugs by Using HPLC
The chromatographic separation was achieved by using eclipse plus C8 (250mm x 4.6mm, 5μm) column by applying isocratic elution using the mobile phase Ⅰ consist of (methanol + acetonitrile 60:40 v/v) and mobile phase Ⅱ consist of (water with 0.01% of diethyl amine) in the ratio 80: 20 (v/v) detection was carried at the 225 nm by employing 1ml/min flow rate. The separation of drugs from the plasma was achieved using protein precipitation technique by acetonitrile. The retention time was found to be 6.573 min and 5.421 min for metoprolol succinate and cilnidipine respectively. The developed method has the linearity range was obtained for RP-UFLC method was 0.5 -16 µg/ml and 1-32 µg/ml for cilnidipine and metoprolol succinate respectively and the regression co-efficient (r 2) is 0.999 for the both drugs. Accuracy & precision is evaluated for the method and found be within the limit and the results were reproducible.
Mechanical and Wear Properties of AL2024 T3 Reinforced Composites with TIB2 & MOS2
This paper presents an experimental investigation into the mechanical properties and wear behavior of aluminum alloy AL2024 T3 reinforced with titanium diboride (TiB2) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2). The composites were fabricated using the stir casting method, and various proportions of TiB2 and MoS2 were incorporated to evaluate their effects on wear resistance and mechanical properties. The wear tests were conducted under different loading conditions. The results indicate that the incorporation of TiB2 and MoS2 significantly enhances the wear resistance and mechanical properties of AL2024 T3 composites. In this research, an attempt has been made to study the hardness, tensile strength, compressive strength, tribological beahvior, influence of wear test parameters and corrosion resistance of Al2024 T3 hybrid composites which are reinforced with hard reinforcement TiB2 and soft reinforcement MoS2 to form the composites. The Al2024 T3 hybrid composites are fabricated with the help of powder metallurgy technique. Al2024 T3 acted as a matrix material which surrounds the Titanium Diboride and Molybdenum Disulfide after consolidation in powder metallurgy technique. Titanium Diboride acted as a hard reinforcement to enhance the mechanical properties, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the composites.
Estimation of Yellowfinn Tuna (Thunnus albacares) Fishing Ground Based on Oceanographic Parameters in Fisheries Management Area 573, Indonesia
Yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) is a group of large pelagic fish, one of whose habitat is in the Indonesia Fisheries Management Area (IFMA) 573. Estimation of Thunnus albacares can be done through Indonesian Weather Information for Shipping (Ina-WIS) which is a satellite image-based product from the Indonesian Agency for Meteorogical. Climatological, and Geophysics (IAMCG). The purpose of this study was to analyze the oceanographic distribution used for estimating Fishing Areas (FG) of Thunnus albacares. The research method is descriptive quantitative with oceanographic parameters used include Sea Surface Temperature (SST), chlorophyll-a concentration, and currents. Oceanographic parameter data used were taken from Ina-WIS and Aqua-MODIS data. Satellite observations were made at coordinates 110°-113° EL and 8°-9° SL as the dominant area of Thunnus albacares habitat in the eastern part of southern Java Island, one of which is Sendang Biru waters. The research obtained is based on the condition of oceanographic parameters in Sendang Biru waters can be used as FG of Thunnus albacares. Not all waters with good oceanographic parameters are followed by an increase in catches. Not all waters with good oceanographic parameters are followed by increased catches. There is a time lag for the target fish to gather in waters with good oceanographic parameters. SST conditions and chlorophyll-a concentrations in April ranged from 28.72 - 29.65 °C and 0.15 - 0.5 mg/m³ (high category). In that month, the catch of Thunnus albacares weighing >10 kg was 591 kg (<1 ton). Thus, it can be said that the occurrence of FG does not always coincide with the increasing condition of oceanographic parameters of a water body.
Optimization in Modularity for Compressor Mounting Bracket: Enhancing Performance and Efficiency Through Weight Reduction
In the automotive sector, vehicle weight plays a crucial role in determining both cost and fuel efficiency. To adhere to safety regulations while enhancing these factors, it is essential to design lighter components. For instance, air conditioners in cars are supported by brackets positioned under the bonnet. This project focuses on evaluating the design of these brackets and optimizing their weight by considering alternative materials. By reducing weight, not only are material costs lowered, but efficiency is also slightly improved. The research involves selecting appropriate materials based on the bracket's design criteria and addresses potential failure points through various analyses, such as deformation and Von Misses stress analysis. In this study, a compressor mounting bracket was designed and modeled using CAD software, followed by analysis in ANSYS. Through a design of experiments approach, the bracket was optimized, resulting in a 30% weight reduction.
Shifting Market Power: The Role of Supply Chain Disruptions in Redefining Global Trade Dynamics
Global supply chains have recently faced intense disruptions, especially due to COVID-19, exposing vulnerabilities across industries. This study explores how large-scale shocks such as pandemics, geopolitical conflicts, and environmental crises are transforming global market power and trade patterns. Analyzing sectors like technology, automotive, and pharmaceuticals, the research highlights how developed economies, traditionally dominant, are increasingly dependent on emerging markets, which are gaining influence. Factors like digital innovation, rising logistics costs, and trade restrictions further drive these shifts. The findings underscore the need for resilience, localization, and adaptive strategies, offering guidance for policymakers and industry leaders to strengthen trade stability.
Cybersecurity Compliance Frameworks- a pragmatic view with an IT outsourcing company case study
This paper practically deals with the theoretical base drawn from the standards and rules posed by various international bodies in terms of information security. To start with, this paper defines what security framework is applied practically to an IT outsourcing company based in UK named Cyberfox. Hence the relevant laws of the land are analyzed like NIS (The Network and Information Systems Regulations 2018) and GDPR (General Data Protection Regulations). By doing so, a framework in cyber security is tried to be fit in for this company called Cyberfox. By careful analysis and critical evaluation ofthe pros and cons of such companies’ framework and whether it is a workable model is discussed in the first half of the paper. The second half of the paper basically details the NIST (National Institute of Standards & Technology) cyber security framework and the Internal Organization of Standardization protocols in respect to 4 specific standards like Information Security Management systems (ISMS) measurement (ISO 27004), Information security risk management (ISO 27005), Requirements of bodies providing audit services (ISO 27006) and Governance of Information Security (ISO 27014). All these four are studied for their merits and demerits for practical purposes.
Āyatûllāḥ Mûrtazā Mûtaḥḥārī: The Intellectual Architect of Modern Islamic Thought in Iran
This research explores the life and contributions of Āyatûllāḥ Mûrtazā Mûtaḥḥārī, a pivotal figure in Iran's history and Islamic thought. As a distinguished cleric and philosopher, Mûtaḥḥārī, a key associate of Āyatûllāḥ Rūhûllāḥ Kḥomeīnī, played a crucial role in the intellectual renaissance that paved the way for the Islamic Revolution of 1979. By adeptly blending traditional Islamic teachings with contemporary philosophy, he significantly shaped Iran's sociopolitical landscape during this transformative period. This research provides a comprehensive biographical sketch of Mûtaḥḥārī, detailing his early life, education, and critical influences. It emphasizes his dynamic teaching career at the University of Tehran and explores the intellectual currents that informed his philosophical and theological contributions. Mûtaḥḥārī's innovative approach to reconciling Islam with modernity, integrating faith and reason, and critiquing Marxism is thoroughly examined, showcasing his impact on the intersection of religious and contemporary thought. Additionally, the research delves into Mûtaḥḥārī's political and social ideologies, particularly his role in the Islamic revolution, perspectives on Islamic democracy, and critique of materialistic ideologies. It highlights his enduring influence on post-revolutionary Iran, especially in shaping educational and political systems. In conclusion, Mûtaḥḥārī's legacy emerges as a guiding light in contemporary Islamic philosophy and Iranian society, fostering ongoing discussions about the role of religion in the modern world and inspiring scholars globally in the evolving dialogue between Islam and the complexities of the modern era.
Hadith Illumination: Exploring Nawab Siddique Hasan Khan's Legacy
This research explores the significant contributions of Nawab Ṣiddique Ḥasan Khan (1832-1890), a distinguished scholar from India, to the field of Islamic studies, with a particular focus on Ḥadith. Nawab's profound impact on the Muslim world stems from his dedicated efforts in religious sciences and societal services. As a prolific and gifted author, he extensively covered theology, Quran, Ḥadith, Fiqh, Islamic history, culture, ethics, politics, and economics, showcasing a comprehensive understanding of Islam and its fundamental sciences. Belonging to the Ahl-i-Ḥadith group, Nawab was a strict Sunnite and non-conformist traditionalist, rejecting the authority of medieval Muslim Scholars in favor of individual judgment based on the Quran and the Prophet's sayings. As an eminent Muḥaddith, he vehemently opposed weak and fabricated Ahadith, defending the legislative position of Ḥadith and acknowledging the six canonical books known as al-Ṣihah al-Sittah. His works were recognized for their richness and high research standards. Nawab's valuable contribution as a religious reformer lies in reviving the dynamic and straightforward religion of Islam, particularly as practiced by the early Muslims (Salaf-i-Saliḥin). He emphasized the study of original Islamic sources, challenging the prevalent doctrine of Taqlid in India. As a moderate religious thinker, Nawab opposed fitnah and chaos in religious matters, advocating for the closure of politically motivated controversial issues. His stance against religious innovations, including Bid‘ah and Bid‘ah Hasanah, reflects his commitment to the authenticity of Sunnah. In the realm of Sufism, Nawab, a reformist sufi, endorsed sufism while strictly adhering to the sacred law. He rejected pantheism/unity of being and incarnation, emphasizing adherence to the teachings of the Quran and Sunnah. The present study used the secondary data for analysing the contribution. This research aims to delve into the nuanced contributions of Nawab Ṣiddique Ḥasan Khan to Quranic and Ḥadith studies, recognizing the challenges posed by the condition and quality of his published works. Emphasizing his grand personality and multifaceted contributions to Islamic learning, the study sheds light on the enduring impact of his scholarship on the global Muslim community.
Intense management of sinking secondary schools to convert them into moving education institutions
This paper examines what it takes to emerge with a caring and moving education institution from the initially sinking one whose scholar results were deplorably low from the perspectives of teachers serving in the School Governing Body (SGB) and the Representative Council of Learners (RCL). This study has been motivated by a variety of discourses on scholar performance, the majority of which are centred on the perspectives of external education stakeholders other than teachers and learners serving on a secondary school's governing council. The paper is conceptual and empirical in nature while following the qualitative research paradigm. The question guiding this paper is: how long does it take a sinking secondary school to be turned around into a caring and a moving secondary school? Narrative enquiry and interviewing techniques were employed to generate data. Six secondary schools from one of the circuits in Waterberg region, Limpopo Province, South Africa, were conveniently sampled for this study. Only members of the School Governing Body's teacher components and chairpersons of the Representative Council of Learners (RCL) from each of the six sampled secondary schools participated in the study. Findings revealed that firstly, caring and moving schools do not batter trust with stakeholders. Secondly, caring and moving schools experience minimal derelict of teaching duties by educators. Thirdly, caring and moving schools witness less of derelict of learning responsibility by scholars. Fourthly, there is subjugation of the culture of laziness in caring and moving secondary schools. Fifthly, a policy of remedial lessons for struggling scholars, is upheld in caring and moving schools. Lastly, caring and moving schools experience less of gaping leadership void in their ranks. The researcher recommends for sinking secondary schools to share warm disposition and be friendly with everyone to successfully become caring and moving secondary schools.