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Trump team orders huge government lay-offs: how science could fare
Author Correction: The influence of ammonia-N and salinity levels on oxidative stress markers, hepatic enzymes, and acid phosphatase activity in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Daily briefing: Trump administration policies create turmoil for NIH-funded researchers worldwide
Publisher Correction: Enhancing power system stability using a TCSC-PIDF controller with innovative multiobjective function and hybrid optimisation logic
Ukraine’s research sector is struggling — can Europe help?
The lateral line and electrosensory systems of two holocephalans
Abstract The mechanosensory (lateral line) and electrosensory systems are two important non-visual sensory modalities, especially in low light environments. Despite their importance, these sensory systems have received little attention in deepwater chondrichthyans. Here, we describe the morphological organisation of the peripheral lateral line and electrosensory systems in two species of chimaeras; the pale ghost shark Hydrolagus bemisi (Chimaeridae) and the Australasia narrow-nosed spookfish Harriotta avia (Rhinochimaeridae), occupying depth ranges of 400–1,100 m and 260–1,278 m, respectively. Using topographic mapping, computed tomography, histology, and scanning electron microscopy, the distribution, abundance, size, and microstructure of lateral line grooves and organs (neuromasts), and ampullary organs (pores, canals, and bulbs) are described. The arrangement of the peripheral sense organs in both these systems may reflect comparable feeding strategies for detecting benthic prey. While the elongated rostrum of Harriotta avia is likely used as a sensory probe, providing spatially-resolved information about minute hydrodynamic disturbances and electric fields of potential prey beneath the animal, the arrangement of sense organs in Hydrolagus bemisi indicates that this species may rely less on electroreception. The study compares the morphology and provides information on the relative importance of two (non-visual) sensory modalities in two demersal holocephalans that remain vulnerable to anthropogenic disturbances.
Audio long read: Why kids need to take more risks — science reveals the benefits of wild, free play
Efficient intelligent fault diagnosis method and graphical user interface development based on fusion of convolutional networks and vision transformers characteristics
Spatial distribution and functional integration of displaced retinal ganglion cells
Abstract The retina contains distinct types of ganglion cells, which form mosaics with cells of each type at each position of the visual field. Displaced retinal ganglion cells (dRGCs) occur with cell bodies in the inner nuclear layer (INL), and regularly placed RGCs with cell bodies in the ganglion cell layer. An example of mammalian dRGCs are M1-type intrinsically photosensitive ganglion cells (ipRGCs). Little is known, however, about their relationship with regularly placed ipRGCs. We identified mouse ipRGC types M1, M2, and M4/sONɑ by immunohistochemistry and light microscopy. Reconstruction of immunolabeled mosaics from M1 and sONɑ RGCs indicated that dRGCs tiled the retina with their regular RGC partners. Multi-electrode array recordings revealed conventional receptive fields of displaced sONɑ RGCs which fit into the mosaic of their regular counterparts. An RGC distribution analysis showed type-specific dRGC patterns which followed neither the global density distribution of all RGCs nor the local densities of corresponding cell types. The displacement of RGC bodies into the INL occurs in a type-dependent manner, where dRGCs are positioned to form complete mosaics with their regular partners. Our data suggest that dRGCs and regular RGCs serve the same functional role within their corresponding population of RGCs.
How academia’s ‘lone wolf’ culture is harming researcher mental health
Bidirectional association between ADL disability and depressive symptoms among older adults: longitudinal evidence from CHARLS
Study of electronegativity from a network perspective
Author Correction: Correlation between intestinal CRE colonization and consequent systemic infection in hospitalized patients in China
Author Correction: Patients’ perspective and practices of heart failure recurrence prevention in Yancheng City
Esketamine induces embryonic and cardiac malformation through regulating the nkx2.5 and gata4 in zebrafish
Involvement of propionate, citrulline, homoserine, and succinate in oral microbiome metabolite-driven periodontal disease progression
Abstract Dysbiosis of the oral microbiome has been implicated in the onset and progression of periodontal diseases. An altered oral microbiome can significantly affect the concentration and composition ratio of bacterial-derived metabolites, thereby contributing to disease development. However, there is limited research on the role of metabolites derived from the oral microbiota. This study aimed to identify specific bacteria-derived metabolites and their contributions to pathogenicity. Mouth-rinsed water was collected from 24 patients with periodontal disease and 22 healthy individuals. We conducted a correlation analysis between periodontal disease-associated bacteria and metabolites present in mouth-rinsed water. We evaluated the effects of these metabolites on human gingival epithelial cells analysis of oral bacteria culture supernatants confirmed the origin of these metabolites. We identified 20 metabolites associated with bacteria that are significantly more prevalent in periodontal disease. Notably, propionate, succinate, citrulline, and homoserine—metabolites derived from the oral microbiome—were identified as being associated with periodontal disease. These results suggested that metabolites derived from the oral microbiota are involved in periodontal disease.