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Abstract MP42: Metabolomic signatures of carbohydrate quantity and quality in association with risk of type 2 diabetes
Objective Metabolomic indices that summarize metabolomic responses to diet may be instrumental for the examination and establishment of associations between diet and diseases. We aim to identify metabolomic signatures of the amounts and types of carbohydrate intake and examine their association with type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk. Research design and methods The discovery phase utilized data from the Lifestyle Validation Studies, which included 1,196 participants with plasma metabolomics and primary food sources assessed using 7-day dietary records, which included intakes of carbohydrate, added sugar, whole grain, refined grain, vegetable, fruit, potato, and legume. Elastic net regression within a cross-validation framework was used to calculate metabolite profiles correlated with carbohydrate intake. The association of these profiles with incident T2D was investigated using multivariable Cox regression in 11,454 participants from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS), NHS II, and Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Results Metabolites positively associated with total carbohydrate and added sugar intake mainly included glycerolipids, while glycerophospholipids were negatively associated with these variables. Whole grain consumption was positively associated with betaine, 3-indolepropionic acid (IPA), and hippuric acid. For vegetables and legumes, IPA, N-acetylornithine, and pipecolic acid were among the top positive metabolites. Fruit was positively associated with proline-betaine and IPA. Identified metabolomic signatures showed significant correlations with carbohydrate intake (Pearson r ranging 0.56-0.80 with true intake assessed using the triad method). Signatures for total carbohydrate, added sugar, refined grain, and potato were positively associated with T2D incidence [HR per SD: 1.07 (1.06-1.12), 1.07 (1.02-1.12), 1.12 (1.07-1.18), and 1.36 (1.29-1.44), respectively]. Conversely, signatures for whole grain, vegetable, fruit, and legume were inversely associated with T2D [HR per SD: 0.73 (0.70-0.77), 0.95 (0.90-0.99), 0.88 (0.83-0.92), and 0.93 (0.88-0.97), respectively]. Conclusions This study identified a panel of plasma metabolites related to the total and specific types of carbohydrate consumption. The metabolomic signatures of carbohydrate intake from different dietary sources were differentially associated with the risk of T2D. These findings corroborated the observations of carbohydrate intake assessed using questionnaires or other recall-based instruments.
New remarkably complete skeleton of Mixodectes reveals arboreality in a large Paleocene primatomorphan mammal following the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction
Abstract Mixodectids are poorly understood placental mammals from the Paleocene of western North America that have variably been considered close relatives of euarchontan mammals (primates, dermopterans, and scandentians) with hypothesized relationships to colugos, extinct plagiomenids, and/or microsyopid plesiadapiforms. Here we describe the most complete dentally associated skeleton yet recovered for a mixodectid, specifically Mixodectes pungens from the early Paleocene of the San Juan Basin, New Mexico. A partial skull with all the teeth erupted and associated axial skeleton, forelimbs, and hind limbs, with epiphyses fused, indicate that it was a mature adult. Results from cladistic analyses incorporating new data robustly support primatomorphan (Primates + Dermoptera) affinities of Mixodectidae, but relationships within Euarchonta are less clear, with Mixodectes recovered as a stem primatomorphan, stem dermopteran, or stem primate. Analyses of postcrania suggest that M. pungens was a relatively large (~ 1.3 kg), claw-climbing arborealist capable of frequent clinging on large diameter vertical supports. With teeth suggesting an omnivorous diet that included leaves, M. pungens occupied a unique ecological niche in the early Paleocene of North America that differed from contemporary, arboreal plesiadapiforms that were smaller and more frugivorous. Euarchontans were thus a more diverse radiation in the early Cenozoic than previously appreciated.
Abstract MP02: Associations of Fiber-Rich Dietary Patterns with the Gut Microbiome: Finding from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging
Background: Cardio-protective dietary patterns including the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS), Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI), and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) have been associated with the gut microbiome (GMB) in cross-sectional studies, but there is limited evidence from longitudinal studies on how changes in these dietary patterns relate to GMB. Hypothesis: Better adherence to different cardio-protective dietary patterns have similar associations with GMB diversity and composition. Methods: We used 167 participants from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA), an ongoing community-based prospective cohort. At each visit, GMB was measured via shotgun metagenomic sequencing, and dietary intake was assessed via semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. MDS [range: 0-9], AHEI [0-110], and the DASH score [0-9], were calculated based on the intake of 9 food components, 11 food components and nutrients, and 9 nutrients respectively. Linear mixed models evaluated associations of the 3 dietary indices and change in GMB alpha diversity metrics and the relative abundance of the 10 most common microbial species from baseline, adjusting for baseline sex, age, and education level. Results: At baseline, the mean age was 73.8±10.4y, 74.3% self-identified as white, and 56.3% female. The mean MDS = 3.9±1.6, AHEI = 54.7±8.7, and DASH score = 1.9±1.4. The average follow-up period was 3.4±1.2y. We observed weak to moderate Spearman correlations among the 3 dietary indices (R2 range: 0.31–0.57). Over follow-up, a 1-SD increase in DASH score was associated with 0.25 (95% CI: 0.09, 0.42) decrease in Faith’s phylogenetic diversity, 2.02 (0.63, 3.36) decrease in observed species, but 0.008 (0.001, 0.015) increase in GMB evenness. Comparable trends were observed for MDS and AHEI, though not statistically significant. Among the 10 most common species in the GMB, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Akkermansia muciniphila were significantly changed by at least 1 of the dietary patterns. Each 1-SD increase in MDS, AHEI, and DASH was associated with 0.5 (0.0, 1.4)%, 0.6 (0.1, 1.1)%, and 0.3 (-0.1, 0.8) % increase in F. prausnitzii . While MDS was associated with a 0.6 (0.1, 1.1)% decrease in A. muciniphila, other diet patterns were not. Conclusions: MDS, AHEI and DASH Score associated in similar directions with changes in GMB alpha diversity and with increases in F. prausnitzii —a key gut taxa with previously reported cardioprotective properties.
Abstract P2096: Women’s Midlife Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure Multi-trajectories and Future Cognitive Decline: The Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN)
Objective: Hypertension is more predictive of dementia risk at midlife than later in life. We previously showed that distinct subsets of midlife women experience menopause-specific changes in systolic (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP), respectively. Given women’s higher prevalence of AD, clustering women based on midlife changes in SBP and DBP simultaneously may enhance our understanding of the link between midlife blood pressure and dementia. Therefore, we aimed to identify latent clusters of women sharing levels and patterns of SBP and DBP over the menopause transition (MT) and evaluate the association of the identified clusters with cognitive decline. Methods: Group-based multi-trajectory model was used to group SWAN women based on distinct joint patterns of SBP and DBP over the MT; a linear trajectory suggests a dominant aging contribution while a non-linear would more likely be related to the MT. For those with cognitive measures, multivariable adjusted piecewise mixed-effect models were applied to assess associations of the identified SBP/DBP trajectory groups with longitudinal cognitive measures (working memory, processing speed, and episodic memory immediate and delayed recall). Results: Three distinct BP groups were identified in 2700 women (aged 46±2.65 years at the 1 st BP measure): Group 1: low menopause-related rise (low levels with menopause-related SBP rise and DBP linearly rise, 30.2%), Group 2: medium linear rise (medium levels with linear SBP and DBP rises, 45.2%), and Group 3: high stable menopause-related decline (high levels with persistently high SBP and DBP decline around menopause, 24.6%). ( Figure 1 ) Of the 2700 women, 2356 had their 1 st included cognitive measure assessed at 54±3.84 years. Nonlinear declines in working memory, processing speed, and immediate and delayed recall were found with inflection points at ages 63, 61, 62, and 58, respectively. Compared to group 1, group 3 showed greater working memory decline before the age of 63 years, while group 2 showed less immediate and delay recall declines before 62 and 58 years old, respectively. No significant differences across groups were observed in processing speed declines with age. ( Figure 2 ) Conclusion: Blood pressure trajectory patterns characterized by SBP rises or DBP declines close to menopause were linked to greater declines in episodic and working memory later in life, respectively.
Analysis of HPV-16 viral load, integration status, and p16 expression in relation to EBV co-infection and cervical lesion severity
Abstract 032: Genetic Drivers of Comorbid Heterogeneity in Obesity: Genome-Wide Association Analysis in Three Cohorts with 40 Years of Follow-up
Background: Obesity, a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), is a complex trait with substantial heterogeneity in its etiology, comorbidity risk, and prevention strategies. Hypothesis: Individuals with early-onset obesity-related comorbidities ( vs. late-onset) carry different genetic risk loci for obesity with varied biological consequences. Methods: We examined longitudinal data from 43,567 participants in the Nurses’ Health Studies and Health Professionals Follow-Up Study, including biennial measurements of body mass index (BMI) and diagnosis of 14 obesity-related diseases such as CVD, during up to 40 years of follow-up. We estimated long-term BMI trajectory using functional principal component analysis. Genome-wide association studies were conducted for BMI trajectory in individuals with early-onset (first event <60y old) and late-onset (first event >70y old) obesity-related diseases (Fig. a), followed by transcriptome-wide studies (TWAS) and Mendelian Randomization (MR) analyses to explore genetic variants impact on gene expressions in 49 tissue types integrating GTEx data. Results: Individuals with early-onset obesity-related diseases reached their lifetime peak BMI, on average 8.5 years earlier than those with late disease onset (Fig. b). We identified 10 genetic loci for BMI trajectory (P < 5e-8) in all participants. FTO was the only locus consistently identified for BMI trajectory regardless of the timing of first comorbidity, with a significant impact on its gene expression in skeletal muscle (Fig. c). Among individuals with early-onset comorbidities, TWAS further identified 10 loci for BMI trajectory, and MR confirmed their impact on tissue-specific expressions, including SULT1A1 in visceral adipose tissue, NPIPB7 in coronary artery and metabolic organs, and APOBR in subcutaneous adipose tissue and liver (Fig. d). However, no other gene was identified for BMI trajectory in TWAS in individuals with late-onset comorbidities. Conclusions Individuals with early-onset obesity-related comorbidities appear to carry obesity risk loci that have more significant impact on tissue-specific gene expressions. Understanding genetic heterogeneity in obesity may aid personalized prevention.
Abstract P1090: Inhibition of Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (ITP3Rs) in Cardiac Myofibroblasts Attenuates Post-Ischemic Cardiac Fibrosis
Introduction: Cardiac fibrosis is one of the major pathophysiologic features of ischemic cardiac disorders and substantial evidence has shown that cardiac fibroblasts and their activated form (myofibroblasts) are key players in heart failure progression. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (ITP3Rs a.k.a. IP3Rs) are intracellular calcium release channels that play a critical role in calcium signaling, influencing cardiac remodeling and fibrosis. In both human and mouse fibroblasts, all three isoforms of ITP3Rs (ITP3R1, ITP3R2, and ITP3R3) are expressed, exhibiting redundant features. There is a lack of functional studies investigating the precise role of ITP3Rs in post-ischemic cardiac fibrosis in vivo . We assessed the hypothesis that after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), ITP3Rs mediate the activation of cardiac fibroblasts and their persistence. Our data indicates that all three isoforms of ITP3Rs are increased in cardiac fibroblasts after myocardial infarction. Methods: Using a Cre/lox recombination strategy, we developed a novel mouse model (ITP3RKO) in which all isoforms of ITP3R are specifically deleted in cardiac myofibroblasts. This ITP3RKO model offers a unique opportunity to dissect the specific contributions of ITP3R to the progression of cardiac fibrosis, providing insights that were previously obscured by the compensatory mechanisms observed in models targeting individual isoforms. By selectively deleting all ITP3R isoforms in cardiac myofibroblasts, we can more accurately assess the role of ITP3R signaling in fibrosis, inflammation, and cardiac remodeling post-ischemia. This approach lays the foundation for more precise therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating ITP3R function in the context of heart disease. Results: Our data show that ITP3RKO mice exhibit reduced fibrosis and attenuated myocardial dysfunction compared to ITP3Rflox littermates after I/R. We further assessed the functional relationships between ITP3Rs and cardiac fibrosis in primary isolated fibroblasts at different time points and in response to established stimuli, to assess their survival, proliferative, migratory, and contractile capacity. Conclusion: Our studies are highly significant and innovative as they identify potential innovative therapeutic strategies to target excessive post-ischemic cardiac fibrosis and provide the first assessment of the role of ITP3R in activated myofibroblasts using a specific Cre/lox recombination model.
Enhancing wheat growth under chromium toxicity using gibberellic acid and microbial inoculants as modulating agents
Abstract P1151: Varying Measures of Subclinical Carotid Arterial Injury and the Associations with Incident Cardiovascular Disease in Older Men: The British Regional Heart Study.
Objectives Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is reflective of arterial aging and injury. However, there are inconsistencies in the reported associations between CIMT measurements and CVD risk, specifically mean versus maximum CIMT, the role of carotid plaque location and quantity. This study explores the associations of these measures in older adults. Design A longitudinal analysis of data from the British Regional Heart Study, a prospective cohort study Participants 1315 men aged 71-92 years, without baseline coronary heart disease (CHD) or stroke Methods: Between 2010-2012, participants underwent follow-up, comprising of questionnaires, physical examination, and blood tests. CIMT and carotid plaque characteristics (location and quantity) were assessed using ultrasound. Cox proportional hazards models estimated multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) for incident CHD and stroke (fatal/non-fatal), based on CIMT and plaque features. Results: Over a median follow-up of 10.2 years, 108 incident CHD cases and 110 incident stroke cases (fatal/non-fatal) occurred. After adjusting for confounders (age, social class, smoking, exercise, alcohol intake, BMI, medications, comorbidities, blood pressure, cholesterol, CRP and NT-pro BNP), no significant associations were found between mean or maximum CIMT and CHD or stroke events (fatal/non-fatal). However, both mean and maximum CIMT were significantly associated with fatal CHD events (HR 1.38, CI 1.07-1.76 and HR 1.30, CI 1.02-1.61, respectively per standard deviation increase in CIMT). No significant association was observed with fatal stroke events. Stroke risk increased with increasing number of carotid plaques (HR 1.29, CI 1.04-1.61) which was seen for both fatal and non-fatal strokes. No association was seen with CHD. When examined by plaque location, plaques located in the common carotid artery (CCA) was associated with incident stroke events (HR 1.73, CI 1.06-2.83) and to a lesser extent with CHD (HR 1.48, CI 0.9-2.43). No associations were seen for other sites. Conclusion: In older men, mean and maximum CIMT are more associated with fatal CHD events than with non-fatal CHD. No significant association was found between CIMT (mean or maximum) and incident stroke events. However, the presence of carotid plaques, particularly in the CCA and in greater quantities, is strongly associated with an increased risk of stroke (fatal/non-fatal). These findings suggest that CVD risk varies according to measures of CIMT in older men.
Abstract P1029: Projecting Disease Paths over the Course of Heart Disease: A Multi-state Non-Markov Framework
Background: In existing literature, prevention and prediction of heart disease have largely focused on one endpoint. However, the development of heart disease is a multi-state process that is biologically inseparable. Only a few studies investigated the course of heart disease using multi-state Markov models, which are unsuitable to the course of heart disease due to several reasons. First, by assuming present state is independent of past history, Markov models do not allow for multimorbidity, a common condition for heart disease. Second, risk factors of heart disease interplay and affect future states, which violates the Markov assumption. Finally, the transition probabilities estimated from Markov modelsare time-specific, and these high-dimensional matrices are not straightforward for public health interpretation. Method: We have developed a multi-state non-Markov framework that splits disease state into substates by conditioning on past states (Ding et al. BMC Medical Research Methodology. 2024. In revision. doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.18.24313882). As the substates track history of past states, transition rates between substates can be synthesized into one summary estimate, disease path. The derivation of the disease path can be found in our second paper (Ding et al. medRxiv. 2024. doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.18.24313882). We applied our method to identify disease paths over the course of heart disease using the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (ARIC). We obtained the ARIC data from NHLBI BioLINCC. Results: We modeled the course of heart disease in five states: healthy, at metabolic risk, coronary heart disease (CHD), heart failure, and mortality ( Figure 1a ). By applying our framework, the disease states were divided into substates by conditioning on past disease history ( Figure 1b ), where transition rates between substates were estimated and used to project disease paths in the whole population. In this mid- to old-age population, the most likely disease path was “Healthy → at metabolic risk → mortality” (37%) for healthy participants at baseline, and the most likely disease path was “At metabolic risk → mortality” (51%) for at-metabolic-risk participants at baseline ( Figure 2 ). The distribution of disease path was similar across sex and race subgroups. Impact: The path of heart disease characterizes the disease course in a summary manner and may elucidate pathophysiology of heart disease at the population level.
A synthetic model of bioinspired liposomes to study cancer-cell derived extracellular vesicles and their uptake by recipient cells
Abstract 022: The Effects of Dietary Patterns and Sodium Reduction on Blood Pressure in Type 2 Diabetes: Results of the DASH4D Randomized Trial
Background: People with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and hypertension are at high risk for cardiovascular events, and a minority achieve recommended blood pressure (BP) goals. While trials have established the benefits of antihypertensive drug therapy in T2D, few studies have tested the BP-lowering effects of diet, and there is a need to optimize BP-lowering diets for people with T2D. Here, we report the main findings of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension for Diabetes (DASH4D) trial, a randomized crossover feeding study that tested the effects of the DASH4D diet and dietary sodium reduction on BP in adults with T2D. Methods: The DASH4D diet was developed by our multidisciplinary team, optimizing the original DASH diet for T2D by including lower carbohydrate content, higher unsaturated fat, and lower potassium for safety with kidney disease. Major inclusion criteria were age ≥18 years, T2D, systolic blood pressure (SBP) 120-159 mmHg, and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) <100 mmHg. Participants were randomized to a sequence of four diets, each for five weeks: 1) DASH4D diet with lower sodium, 2) DASH4D diet with higher sodium, 3) comparison (typical American) diet with lower sodium, and 4) comparison diet with higher sodium. Participants were provided all of their food, prepared in the study metabolic kitchen, and ate no outside food. Weight was held constant. The primary and secondary outcomes were end-of-period SBP and DBP, respectively. The primary dietary contrast compared the effects of the DASH4D diet with lower sodium vs. comparison diet with higher sodium using linear mixed effects regression with a modified intention-to-treat approach. Results: Of 102 participants, 85 completed all four diet periods. Mean age was 66 years, 66% were women, 88% were non-Hispanic Black, mean baseline BP was 135/75 mmHg, and 66% used ≥2 antihypertensive medications. Compared to the comparison diet with higher sodium, the DASH4D diet with lower sodium reduced end-of-period SBP (mean Δ -4.5 mmHg, 95% CI: -7.1 to -1.9, p<0.001) and DBP (mean Δ -2.2 mmHg, 95% CI -3.6 to -0.8). The majority of SBP reduction occurred in the first 3 weeks of each diet, and the effect of sodium reduction appeared stronger than the effect of the DASH4D diet (Figure). Adverse events were infrequent on all diets. Conclusions: In adults with T2D, most treated with multiple antihypertensive medications, the DASH4D diet combined with sodium reduction achieved a clinically significant reduction in BP.
Abstract MP70: The Burden of Protein-Energy Malnutrition Mortality in Older Adults by County, Race, and Ethnicity in the USA,2000-19: A Systematic Analysis of Health Disparities
Importance: Older adults have a higher malnutrition risk due to aging, chronic diseases, and social vulnerabilities. Understanding malnutrition mortality trends across racial/ethnic groups helps guide interventions to reduce health disparities and improve quality of life. Objectives: Estimate malnutrition mortality rates among older adults (ages 65-74 and ≥75) nationally and by county for racial/ethnic groups. Design/Setting: Analysis of National Vital Statistics System death registration (2000-2019), using small-area estimation to adjust for misclassification of race/ethnicity on death certificates. Exposure: Race/ethnicity (American Indian/Alaska Native (AIAN), Asian, Black, Latino, White) and county, mapped to temporally stable geographical units. Main Outcomes and Measures: Deaths due to malnutrition (ICD codes E40-E46.9, E64). Results: In 2019, adults aged ≥75 had the highest malnutrition mortality rate (49.2 per 100,000) compared to those aged 65-74 (4.6 per 100,000). Between 2000-2019, mortality increased for both ≥75 (19.5 to 49.2 per 100,000) and 65-74 (2.2 to 4.6 per 100,000). The Black population consistently had the highest malnutrition mortality rates (2019: ≥75: 60.8 per 100,000; 65-74: 7.7 per 100,000), followed by AIAN, White, Latino, and Asian populations. County-level analysis showed wide mortality variations for those ≥75 (4.9–308.9 per 100,000) and 65-74 (1.5–24.0 per 100,000). The South, particularly for Black individuals, was most affected, with rates of 0.6–27.9 per 100,000 (65-74) and 4.4–208.3 per 100,000 (≥75), with 66.2% of counties located in southern metro areas. For AIAN, mortality ranged from 0.6–34.9 per 100,000 (65-74) and 5.5–254.7 per 100,000 (≥75), with 75% in Rocky Mountains' metro areas. White individuals had rates of 0.4–25.0 per 100,000 (65-74) and 5.2–334.9 per 100,000 (≥75), mainly in nonmetro-Southern counties. Latino mortality ranged from 0.4–13.2 per 100,000 (65-74) and 4.2–173.1 per 100,000 (≥75), mostly in Rocky Mountains’ nonmetro areas, while Asian rates were 0.4–7.3 per 100,000 (65-74) and 4.4–141.5 per 100,000 (≥75), mainly in Rocky Mountains’ metro areas. Conclusions and Relevance Malnutrition mortality among older adults increased over the study period, particularly for those aged ≥75 in Southeastern counties. The variation across geography, age, race, and ethnicity indicates the need for targeted malnutrition screening, treatment, and nutritional interventions and policies for older adults.
Semantic SLAM system for mobile robots based on large visual model in complex environments
Abstract P3153: Oral Microbiome Diversity and Premature Mortality in US Adults: Findings From The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009-2012
Background and Aims: The oral microbiome, comprising over 700 bacterial species along with a variety of viruses and other microbial taxa, is colonized as early as the prenatal period and is continuously shaped by various factors throughout life. While its primary role in maintaining oral health is well-recognized, recent studies suggest that the oral microbiome may also play a significant role in affecting systemic health condition, whereas the evidence from human studies is still lacking. We aimed to investigate whether oral microbiome alpha diversity was significantly related to premature mortality among U.S. adults. Materials and Methods: This study utilized data from 7,956 participants in the 2009–2010 and 2011–2012 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Oral microbiome alpha diversity metrics, including observed Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs), Faith’s Phylogenetic Diversity, the Shannon-Weiner Index, and the Simpson Index, were calculated using microbial sequences obtained from oral rinse samples. Premature mortality was defined as death occurring before the age of 80 and was ascertained through linkage with the National Death Index till December 31, 2019. Results: During an average follow-up period of 8.84 years (SD: 1.54 years), 436 premature deaths (5.48%) were recorded among the 7,956 participants. After adjusting for demographic factors, smoking, alcohol drinking, and extra dental cleansing, higher alpha diversity metrics were significantly associated with a reduced hazard of premature mortality. Specifically, for each standard deviation increase, the HR were 0.81 (95% CI: 0.71–0.93) for observed ASVs, 0.82 (95% CI: 0.71–0.94) for Faith’s Phylogenetic Diversity, 0.83 (95% CI: 0.73–0.96) for the Shannon-Weiner Index, and 0.82 (95% CI: 0.72–0.95) for the Simpson Index. Adjustments for dietary factors attenuated these associations to be null. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that alpha diversity of the oral microbiome may be not a strong risk factor of premature mortality independently of dietary factors among U.S. adults.
Abstract P1058: Parental Stress and Depression on Child Cardiovascular Health: The Young Hearts Study
Background: The association of parental stress and depression with child behavioral cardiovascular health (bCVH) has received limited attention in the literature. Methods: We used data from the Young Hearts study, a cohort examining CVH in children and adolescents. Parental stress was assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-4), which consisted of 4 questions rated on a Likert scale (0-16), with a higher score indicating greater levels of stress. Parental depression was evaluated using the 2-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2), with responses rated on a Likert scale (0-6). bCVH scores were calculated from the mean of the four behavioral metrics of the American Heart Association’s Life’s Essential 8 (physical activity, diet, nicotine exposure, and sleep; 0-100 points each, with a higher score = better CVH) and self-reported body mass index (BMI). We examined the association of parental stress and depression with child bCVH score, using linear regression, adjusting for age, sex, race, ethnicity, household income, and parental education level. Results: Our sample consisted of 6,427 children with complete data, with an average age of 8.2 years [SD 5.1]. Of the participants, 53.5% were male, and 46.3% were Non-Hispanic White. In adjusted models, a 1-unit higher parental depression score was associated with 1.30 (95% CL = -1.54, -1.07) point lower children’s bCVH. Parental stress also showed an association with bCVH though the effect size was smaller (-0.44 points; -0.54, -0.34). Among the individual behavioral components for parental depression, there were significant associations with physical activity (-1.75 points; -2.29, -1.21) and sleep (-1.98 points; -2.52, -1.44). Conclusion: Parental stress and depression are inversely associated with child bCVH, highlighting the need for further investigation of potential mechanisms to inform targeted family interventions.
Nuclei discovered new practical insights via optimized soliton-like pulse analysis in a space fractional-time beta-derivatives equations
Abstract MP40: Title: Investigating the link between hypoglycemia assessed by continuous glucose monitoring with cerebral small vessel disease
Introduction: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is a minimally invasive technology that can assess glucose levels every few minutes, allowing for the characterization of nuanced glucose patterns such as subclinical hypoglycemia. However, few studies have examined whether subclinical episodes of hypoglycemia, as assessed by CGMs, are associated with cerebrovascular alterations in older adults with diabetes. Hypothesis: CGM-assessed hypoglycemia is associated with a greater prevalence of lobar microhemorrhage, subcortical infarction, cortical infarction, and increased volume of white matter hyperintensities. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of participants with type 2 diabetes in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Participants wore a CGM (Abbott Libre Pro) sensor for up to two weeks during Visit 9 (2021-2022). A 3 Tesla brain MRI scan was obtained during Visits 8 to 11 (2020-2024). We evaluated the prevalence of any lobar microhemorrhage, subcortical infarction, cortical infarction, and median white matter hyperintensity volume according to the presence of hypoglycemia, defined as any episode of sustained glucose (≥ 30 minutes) below 54 mg/dL (level 2 hypoglycemia) during the two weeks of CGM wear. Prevalence estimates were generated using logistic regression. Median white matter hyperintensity volume was estimated using quantile regression. Estimates were adjusted for age, sex, race, and HbA1c. White matter hyperintensity was additionally adjusted for total intracranial volume. Results: We included 138 participants with diabetes (mean age 82 years, 59% White adults, 51% Male). Among participants, 15%, 20%, and 32% had a cortical infraction, lobar microhemorrhage, and subcortical microhemorrhage, respectively. A total of 40 participants experienced a hypoglycemic episode. The adjusted prevalence of subcortical infarction was significantly higher among persons experiencing one or more hypoglycemic episodes (p=0.021) (Figure). The adjusted prevalences of lobar microhemorrhage, cortical infarction, and white matter hyperintensity volume were also higher among persons experiencing hypoglycemia, but these differences were not significant. Conclusions: CGM-assessed hypoglycemia was associated with an increased burden of cerebrovascular alterations. Our findings indicate that these subclinical hypoglycemic episodes could play a role in linking diabetes to changes in the brain.
Abstract 018: Nocturnal Wakefulness and Eating Behavior Among Young Adults
Introduction: Chronic sleep deprivation and circadian misalignment are associated with cardiometabolic dysfunction, but few have studied the effects of nocturnal wakefulness-induced cognitive deficits on food decision making, and whether this exacerbates obesity risk. Hypotheses: In line with previous work, we hypothesized that short sleep would lead to greater next-day caloric intake, and nocturnal wakefulness would be associated with greater impulsive eating. Methods: Young, healthy adults (18-25 years; n = 17; 9 female) participated in a three-week protocol in which they tracked their habitual sleep and food intake from home during weekdays and spent two consecutive weekends in the lab. During lab visits, participants completed serial neurocognitive assessments, ate ad libitum , and experienced partial sleep restriction (on Weekend 1 with an advanced wake time and on Weekend 2 with a delayed bedtime). Results: A principal component analysis (PCA) was used to model eating behavior throughout both in-lab weekends. Energy intake (total calories) was significantly correlated with the PCA in both the advanced wake (R = 0.996; p < 0.0001) and delayed sleep (R = 0.998; p<0.0001) conditions. Thus, energy intake was shown to increase over time when partial sleep restriction occurred, regardless of nocturnal wakefulness timing. The Three Factor Eating Questionnaire Cognitive Restraint subdomain score was significantly correlated with caloric intake for both the advanced wake (R = 0.603; p = 0.01) and delayed sleep (R = 0.554; p = 0.02) conditions. Thus, lower self-reported cognitive restraint was associated with higher caloric intake. Normalized Monetary Choice Questionnaire score (an instrument used to measure delayed discounting/impulsivity) was significantly associated with caloric intake in the advanced wake (R = 0.604; p = 0.01), but not the delayed sleep (R = 0.0367; p = 0.15) condition. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score was not associated with caloric intake in either condition. Conclusions: An advanced wake time may increase the risk of obesity among young adults who exhibit greater impulsivity, though any circadian perturbations may promote greater next-day caloric intake. Impaired dietary decision-making due to circadian misalignment and sleep loss may be a previously underappreciated public health concern, with implications for early morning shiftwork schedules and college start times.