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Abstract P2011: Recruitment and Baseline Characteristics of Caribbean and South America Team-based Strategy to Control Hypertension (CATCH) Trial

Background: Uncontrolled hypertension is a major global public health challenge, especially in low- and middle-income countries. In the Caribbean and South America Team-based Strategy to Control Hypertension (CATCH) trial, we are testing the effectiveness and implementation of a team-based care strategy for blood pressure control among patients with uncontrolled hypertension in Colombia and Jamaica. Objectives: To describe the baseline characteristics of participants in the CATCH trial. Methods: The CATCH is a cluster randomized-effectiveness implementation trial conducted in 40 primary care clinics in Colombia and Jamaica. We randomly assigned 20 clinics to the team-based care intervention and 20 to provider training intervention stratified by county and urbanization. A care team consisting of physicians-nurses-community health workers collaborated to deliver the intervention. The intervention and data collection will last for 18 months. Results: We screened 2,339 individuals and successfully recruited 1,710 hypertensive patients (1,050 in Colombia and 660 in Jamaica) who met the eligibility criteria. A total of 692 individuals were excluded from the trial: 563 (81.4%) due to BP <130/80mmHg with standardized measurement, 63 (9.1%) due to kidney disease or heart failure, and 58 (8.4%) due to other reasons. Approximately 1% refused to consent for the trial. Participants were, on average, 62 years old, 70% were women, and 51% has less than high school education. Overall, 50% of participants identified as Mixed race and 36% identified as Black. Almost all (98%) of participants were taking antihypertensive medications at recruitment. In addition, 29% participants had diabetes, 46% had hypercholesterolemia, and 7% had grade 3 or 4 chronic kidney disease. Compared to Jamaicans, participants from Colombia were older (63 vs. 60 years) and more likely to be male (37% vs. 18%), and to identify as Mixed race (76% vs. 10%). Education status was similar between the two countries. Participants in Jamaica had a higher cardiovascular disease risk burden - diabetes (35% vs. 24%), hypercholesterolemia (51% vs. 43%), and chronic kidney disease (11% vs. 5%). Conclusion: We successfully recruited primary care patients with hypertension into the CATCH trial representative of primary care patients in Jamaica and Colombia. In future work we will assess reach by comparing our participants’ demographic characteristics to those of the overall hypertensive populations in both countries.

Abstract P2057: Virtual Hypertension Control Training and Technical Assistance Curriculum Design Helps Meet Community Health Center Learning Needs

The 2020 Surgeon General’s Call to Action to Control Hypertension urged the nation to prioritize hypertension control, strengthen community support, and optimize patient care. In late 2020, the US Department of Health and Human Services launched the National Hypertension Control Initiative (NHCI), awarding 350 federally supported community health centers (CHCs) with 3-year grants to improve hypertension control by leveraging self-measured blood pressure (SMBP) monitoring with training and technical assistance from the American Heart Association (AHA). Designing a clinical core curriculum embracing the strategies named in the Surgeon General’s report can optimize patient care and support hypertension control efforts with use of standardized, guideline-recommended care, team-based care, SMBP monitoring, and recognition of exemplary CHCs. The 3-year curriculum was designed to lay a foundation of hypertension fundamentals through didactic webinars, practical workshops, and interactive office hours in 2021, reinforce key concepts and introduce additional standardized tools for blood pressure measurement and treatment in 2022, and use evaluation data to focus quality improvement efforts and recognize success stories in 2023. The plan was rooted in the AMA MAP TM framework and featured new NHCI tools and existing resources from Target: BP TM and others. From 2021-23, 49 events drew a total of 8198 participants. Live knowledge comprehension and readiness polls were used to gauge needed reinforcement and curriculum pacing, respectively. For example, 15 pre/post knowledge check questions posed during the Year-1 events, where 73% showed improvement with the % correct ranging from 12.5-98.0%, informed the design of subsequent events. Average annual post-event evaluation scores demonstrated participants agreed/strongly agreed that the depth (90-95%), utility (90-96%), and pace (73-84%) of the training was appropriate. The likelihood that participants would make changes based upon the training ranged from 59-75%. As previously published, numerous exemplary CHCs improved control rates from less than 58% to greater than 70%, and blood pressure control rates for all NHCI health centers had a relative improvement of 12.3% from baseline to 2022 with 2023 data pending. The design of a virtual curriculum appeared to meet the learning needs of participants and enabled health centers to strengthen practices, deploy SMBP programs, and improve blood pressure control.

Publisher Correction: A hybrid explainable model based on advanced machine learning and deep learning models for classifying brain tumors using MRI images

Inhibition of amyloid beta oligomer accumulation by NU-9: A unifying mechanism for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases

Protein aggregation is a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases, which connects these neuropathologies by a common phenotype. Various proteins and peptides form aggregates that are poorly degraded, and their ensuing pathological accumulation underlies these neurodegenerative diseases. Similarities may exist in the mechanisms responsible for the buildup of these aggregates. Therefore, therapeutics designed to treat one neurodegenerative disease may be beneficial to others. In ALS models, the compound NU-9 was previously shown to block neurodegeneration produced by aggregation-inducing mutations of SOD-1 and TDP-43 [B. Genç et al., Clin. Transl. Med. 11 , e336 (2021)]. Here, we report that NU-9 also prevents the accumulation of amyloid beta oligomers (AβOs), small peptide aggregates that are instigators of Alzheimer’s disease neurodegeneration [M. Tolar et al., Int. J. Mol. Sci. 22 , 6355 (2021)]. AβO buildup was measured by immunofluorescence imaging of cultured hippocampal neurons exposed to exogenous monomeric Aβ. In this model, AβO buildup occurs via cathepsin L- and dynamin-dependent trafficking. This is prevented by NU-9 through a cellular mechanism that is cathepsin B- and lysosome-dependent, suggesting that NU-9 enhances the ability of endolysosomal trafficking to protect against AβO buildup. This possibility is strongly supported by a quantitative assay for autophagosomes that shows robust stimulation by NU-9. These results contribute additional understanding to the mechanisms of protein aggregation and suggest that multiple neurodegenerative diseases might be treatable by targeting common pathogenic mechanisms responsible for protein aggregation.

Abstract MP66: Sex Differences in the Association of Baseline and Longitudinal Changes in Cardiac Biomarkers with Risk of Heart Failure subtypes – a post-hoc analysis of the Look AHEAD trial

Background: Elevated levels of biomarkers of neurohormonal stress (NT-proBNP) and myocardial injury (hs-TnT) are associated with an increased risk of heart failure (HF) in diabetes. While sex differences in these biomarker profiles and the HF epidemiology are well-established, it is unclear if the prognostic association of biomarkers with the risk of HF differs by sex. Methods: The study included participants of the LookAHEAD trial with overweight/obesity and T2DM. NT-proBNP and hs-TnT were measured at baseline, 1- and 4-year follow-up. HFpEF (LV EF> 50%) and HFrEF (LV EF <50) incidence were adjudicated based on HF hospitalization reports using a well-established protocol. Separate adjusted Cox models were constructed to assess the associations of baseline and longitudinal biomarker changes with the risk of HF subtypes, including sex*biomarker interaction terms. Results: The study included 3959 participants (age: 59 years, 59.3% women, BMI=36 kg/m 2 ) with 108 HFpEF (men vs women: 3.3% vs 2.3%) and 84 HFrEF (men vs women: 2.9% vs 1.6%) events over 12.4 years of follow-up. At baseline, higher NT-proBNP levels were more strongly associated with the risk of HFpEF in females than males (P-int=0.02). In contrast, the association between NT-proBNP and the HFrEF risk was significant and comparable for both sexes ( Table ). The association of elevated hs-TnT levels with the risk of HFpEF did not differ by sex. In contrast, the risk of HFrEF associated with hs-TnT was significantly modified by sex, with a greater risk noted among males (vs. females, Table ). Among those with biomarker assessment on follow-up, an increase in NT-proBNP levels over time was more strongly associated with risk of HFpEF in females than males (P-int=0.01). In contrast, the association between an increase in NT-proBNP levels over time and HFrEF risk did not differ by sex. Repeated measures of hs-TnT over time were not associated with the risk of either HF subtype, with no significant interaction by sex. Conclusion: Among individuals with T2DM with overweight/obesity, the prognostic relevance of cardiac biomarkers for HF outcomes varies by sex. Elevated baseline levels and increase in NT-proBNP over time are more strongly associated with HFpEF risk in females than males. In contrast, elevated hs-TnT is more strongly associated with the risk of HFrEF in males. Further research is needed to determine if sex-specific biomarker screening strategies can inform HF prevention in high-risk individuals.

Abstract P1036: ABO Blood Type, Plasma Proteomic Profile, and Risk of Chronic Disease

Background: ABO blood type has been related to cardiometabolic diseases, but the underlying mechanism is not well-understood. Hypothesis: O blood group has lower risks of cardiometabolic diseases, and a cardiometabolic favorable plasma proteomic profile compared to non-O blood group. Methods: In ~500,000 participants from the UK Biobank, we examined associations of ABO blood type (O [43%] vs. non-O blood group) with 37 non-cancer diseases both cross-sectionally and prospectively. In a subsample with plasma proteomics data ( n = 44,562), we examined whether O-type-related proteins mediate the associations between O blood type and diseases. Results: O blood type was associated with six diseases in both cross-sectional and prospective analyses ( FDR < 0.05). Compared to non-O blood group, O blood group had lower risks of venous thromboembolism (VTE; HR = 0.75 [95% CI: 0.72–0.78]), peripheral artery disease (0.93 [0.88–0.98]), coronary artery disease (CAD; 0.96 [0.93–0.98]), diabetes (0.93 [0.90–0.96]) and vasculitis (0.85 [0.75–0.96]), and a higher risk of peptic ulcer (1.08 [1.02–1.13]; Figure 1A ). Out of 2911 proteins, 198 and 184 proteins were positively and negatively associated with O blood type, respectively; and these proteins were enriched in 30 KEGG pathways ( Figure 1B ). By constructing O-enriched protein pathway scores, we found that 13 and 6 scores were negatively associated with risks of diabetes and VTE, respectively, and seven scores were positively associated with risk of peptic ulcer ( Figure 1C; FDR < 0.05). Further mediation analyses revealed that certain protein pathways such as mucin O-glycan or glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis potentially mediated the negative associations of O blood type with VTE, diabetes, and CAD, while infection-related pathways potentially mediated the positive association between O blood type and peptic ulcer. Conclusions: O blood type is associated with lower risks of multiple cardiometabolic diseases. Circulating proteins may potentially link O blood type and these diseases.

TMPRSS4 as a prognostic biomarker after gastric cancer surgery in a multicenter retrospective study

Reply to Johnson: Holistic evaluation of ecological models in paleobiology

Abstract P2066: Measured Raised Blood Pressure, Its Awareness and Control in the Adult Population: the Italian Health Examination Survey 2023-2024 - CUORE Project

Introduction: Raised blood pressure (RBP) constitutes a leading cause of premature death and disability worldwide, since it significantly increases the risk of heart attack, stroke, kidney failure, dementia and blindness. The WHO recommends a 25% relative reduction in the prevalence of RBP by 2025, considering 2010 as baseline. Hypothesis: In order to monitor the achievement of this target, prevalence of RBP and mean blood pressure were measured in the Italian general adult population within periodic health examination surveys (HESs) conducted within the CUORE Project. Methods: In 2023 a new HES started including, up to now, data from random samples of residents aged 35-74 years (1,216 men, 1,235 women) in 12 Regions (of 20 regions) distributed in North, Centre and South of Italy. Blood pressure was measured at the right arm, in sitting position, by automated oscillometric device using standardized procedures and methods; the average of two measurements performed within 1-minute interval was used for the analysis. RBP was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg. The survey is implemented with the technical and financial support of the Ministry of Health - National Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Results: Preliminary analysis shows that prevalence of RBP is 37% (95% Confidence Interval -95% CI: 32-42%) in men and 23% (95% CI: 19-28%) in women. Mean value of systolic blood pressure is 135 mmHg (95% CI: 134-136 mmHg) in men and 126 mmHg (95% CI: 125-127 mmHg) in women. Mean value of diastolic blood pressure is 80 mmHg (95% CI: 79-81 mmHg) in men and 75 mmHg (95% CI: 75-76 mmHg) in women. Among those with RBP and/or in treatment (49% of men and 37% of women), 36% of men and 31% women are unaware they could have BP control problems, 9% and 9% are aware but not in treatment, 24% and 37% are under treatment and at target, 30% and 23% are under treatment but not at target, respectively. Conclusions: These preliminary data underline that RBP is still high in the Italian adult population. Significant reductions in RBP prevalence occurred in comparison to previous HES data, 20% from 25 years ago, about 10% from 15 year ago, while a stable trend was found in comparison to 5 years ago. Improvements on RBP awareness and control are still necessary.

Abstract P1139: Lower Pre-Pregnancy Cardiovascular Health is Associated with Higher Odds of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study (CARDIA)

Introduction: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) such as gestational hypertension, preeclampsia and eclampsia lead to increased maternal morbidity, mortality, and are associated with cardiovascular disease risk. It remains unknown whether HDP is a result of pathological events associated with pregnancy complications and/or due to pre-existing cardiovascular traits of the mother unmasked by the stressful nature of pregnancy. Objective: To determine whether cardiovascular health prior to pregnancy, assessed by the American Heart Association’s Life’s Essential 8 (LE8) score, is associated with risk of HDP. Methods: CARDIA is a prospective cohort study of 5,115 Black or White US adults aged 18-30 at baseline (1985-86), from four US cities, followed over 30 years across nine study visits. Participants underwent assessments of health behaviors (diet, smoking, physical activity, sleep) and clinical metrics (body mass index, blood pressure, cholesterol, fasting glucose, medication use) used to estimate the LE8 score (range: 0 to 100). Cardiovascular health was categorized as low (LE8 <50), moderate (LE8 50-79) or high (LE8 ≥80). HDP was self-reported as having a post-baseline pregnancy lasting ≥20 weeks gestation complicated by gestational hypertension, preeclampsia or eclampsia. We used generalized mixed models to determine the association between time-updated LE8 and incident HDP accounting for the 2,036 live births nested within 1,227 women. Models were adjusted for baseline education and income, time-updated age and parity, follow-up time, and cumulative live births. Missing values for LE8 computation at an exam were imputed from the most proximal available value. Results: Mean (SD) baseline age was 24.1 years (3.6), 48.7% were Black women; 19.9% reported HDP in ≥1 pregnancy post-baseline. At baseline, the average LE8 score was 79.0 (11.0) and significantly lower among women who developed HDP (77.0 [10.9]) than in women who did not (79.5 [11.0]), p<0.01. From fully adjusted mixed models, compared to women with high pre-pregnancy cardiovascular health, women with moderate (OR: 1.79, 95%CI: 1.14, 2.81) and low cardiovascular health (OR: 4.03, 95%CI: 1.09, 14.95) prior to pregnancy had greater odds of HDP. Conclusions: Women with low or moderate cardiovascular health were at greater risk of developing HDP compared to women with high cardiovascular health. Results suggest that lower pre-pregnancy cardiovascular health is an independent risk factor for HDP.

The correlation between calcaneocuboid joint involvement and sustentacular fragment displacement among male patients with displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures

Vimentin undergoes liquid–liquid phase separation to form droplets which wet and stabilize actin fibers

The cytoskeleton is composed of F-actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments (IFs). Vimentin is one of the most ubiquitous and well-studied IFs. It is involved in many activities including wound healing, tissue fibrosis, and cancer metastasis, all of which require rapid vimentin IF assembly. In this paper, we report that vimentin forms liquid condensates which appear to enable rapid filament growth. Given the transient nature of these droplets, we focus on properties of vimentin-Y117L, which has a point mutation that leads to formation of condensates but not IFs, enabling us to study these droplets in detail. The droplets dissolve under 1,6-Hexanediol treatment and under decreasing concentration, confirming that they are liquid, and phase separated. These condensates extensively wet actin stress fibers, rendering them resistant to actin-binding drugs and protecting them from depolymerization. We show similar behavior occurs in wild-type vimentin during its assembly into filaments.

Abstract P3104: Assessment of Dietary Recall Plausibility Using an Updated Formula that Considers Energy Intake Measured by Doubly-Labeled Water

Background: Self-reported, free-living energy intake (rEI) by dietary recalls are notoriously inaccurate. Assessment of rEI plausibility have been limited to arbitrary assumptions or validation against measured energy expenditure (mEE) by doubly-labeled water (DLW). We aimed to identify plausible dietary recalls using an updated formula that considers measured energy intake calculated by DLW (mEI) instead. Methods: In a two-week cross-sectional study, up to six rEI by repeated Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour (ASA24®) Dietary Assessment Tool, with body energy store changes (ΔBES) measured by quantitative magnetic resonance (QMR) on days 1 and 14, mEE assessed by DLW, and mEI computed by energy balance equation (mEE + ΔBES). Participants were asked to maintain an eucaloric diet. A rEI:mEI ratio was calculated for each participant, and a group cut-off was calculated using the formula: ±1SD = √(CVrEI 2 )/d)+(CVmEI 2 ). Dietary recall entries within ±1SD of the cutoffs were categorized as plausible (PR), <1SD categorized as under-reported (UR), >1SD categorized as over-reported (OR). Spearman correlations and linear regression performed to evaluate the linear relationships for continuous variables. Results are mean±SD. Significance set at p<0.05. Results: In our cohort (n=39, age: 60.6±6.9 years, BMI: 33.1±6.4 kg/m 2 , 33.3% men), 50%, 26.3%, 23.7% of the dietary recalls were UR, PR and OR, respectively. The rEI:mEI ratio showed a significant negative correlation with body weight (ß=-0.38, p =0.02). Greater mEI predicted higher body weight (ß=26.6, p<0.01) and BMI (ß=51.4, p=0.02). In contrast, no relationships were observed between rEI and body weight (ß=9.3, p=0.09) or BMI (ß=22.5, p=0.28). However, in PR entries alone, rEI predicted greater body weight (ß=19.5, p<0.01) and BMI (ß=44.8, p=0.04). Conclusion: These preliminary results align with past studies supporting higher implausible energy intake in adults with greater body weight, based on self-reported dietary recalls. In contrast to rEI, we found a consistent and significant association between mEI and PR, with body weight and BMI. This supports the notion that higher energy requirements are needed to maintain energy balance in individuals with greater body mass. These findings support this method for identifying plausible reporting (PR) when assessing dietary intake.

Abstract P1143: Not So Invincible: Young Adults with Prediabetes Report Fear of Future Diabetes Motivates Behavior Change

Introduction: Young adulthood is an unmet opportunity for cardiovascular prevention. While prediabetes is often assessed in young adult primary care visits, the “young invincibles” assumption presumes youth are unmotivated by long term health. No qualitative study has garnered young adults’ perspectives on what prediabetes means to them. Methods: Semi-structured interviews in English and Spanish with outpatients ages 18-26 with prediabetes (HgbA1c or chart diagnosis) January to September 2024, at one safety net hospital and one academic medical center. We excluded patients with diabetes, or who were unaware of their diabetes risk. Interviewees were asked about diabetes risk perceptions and experiences discussing prediabetes with providers. We used thematic analysis to determine themes. Results: We interviewed 24 participants (63% female, 71% Latino/a/x, 29% Black, 61% food insecure, 39% any college). Several key themes emerged (Table 1). Participants understood prediabetes accurately and had mixed perceptions of whether diabetes was avoidable for themselves. Learning of prediabetes had a strong emotional impact, often grounded in family experiences with diabetes. Fear of diabetes prompted behavior changes, which youth largely made on their own, with short duration. Youth preferred honest, encouraging communication from providers. Conclusions Fear of future diabetes motivates behavior change for young adults. Health care providers’ conversations with young adults about prediabetes have lasting emotional impact. Providers should use honest, clear language that emphasizes the possibility of change. Strengthening connections to supportive programs could continue momentum after these conversations to facilitate lasting behavior change.

Widely accessible prognostication using medical history for fetal growth restriction and small for gestational age in nationwide insured women

Abstract P3098: Differences in Diet Quality Across US Census 2020 Regions: A Secondary Analysis in the Women’s Health Initiative

Diet quality is a key modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular health. Racial and ethnic disparities in diet quality have been well-documented. However, few studies test how geographical context affects these associations in older women. Furthermore, these inequities have been reported to be unevenly distributed across different geographic regions in the United States (US). This analysis aimed to examine differences in diet quality across the four US Census 2020 regions (i.e., Northeast, Midwest, South, West) using data from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) study. Informed by prior studies, we hypothesized that diet quality would differ across the four US Census regions, with the Northeast having the highest diet quality and the South having the lowest diet quality. In a secondary analysis of baseline data from the WHI, a large-scale longitudinal study of postmenopausal women, participants' dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. A Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2020) score was calculated as a measure of overall diet quality. Linear regression models were used to compare HEI-2020 scores across the four US Census regions adjusting for relevant sociodemographic covariates (age, education, income, employment, marital status, and race and ethnicity). In 161,299 women (M age = 63.2 ±7.2) with dietary intake data, mean HEI-2015 scores differed across regions, with the highest score in the West (63.7 ±0.1) and the lowest score in the Northeast (62.1 ±0.1). These regional differences persisted even after adjusting for sociodemographic covariates (p<0.001). Statistically significant interactions between race/ethnicity and census region on HEI-2020 total score were observed. Non-Hispanic White women living in the West region had the highest diet quality (64.9 ±0.2), while Hispanic women of any race in the Northeast had the lowest diet quality (61.1 ±0.1). This analysis reveals significant regional differences in diet quality among postmenopausal women across the US. Contrary to our hypothesis, WHI participants in the West region exhibited the healthiest diets and women in the Northeast region exhibited the least healthy diets. Findings highlight a need for targeted dietary assessments and public health initiatives to assess for regional differences in dietary intake. Given the disparities in diet observed in this analysis, other population-wide cohort studies should further account for potential geographic differences involving diet analyses.

Abstract MP68: Mosaic Chromosomal Alterations, Frailty and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality: A Population-based Cohort Study Among Chinese Adults

Background: Mosaic chromosomal alterations (mCAs), representing a group of large-scale structural alterations detected in a fraction of peripheral leukocytes, serve as an indicator of genomic aging. We aim to investigate the association between expanded mCAs (cell fraction ≥10%) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, and examine whether combining mCAs with frailty index (FI), an indicator of phenotipic aging, contribute to the prediction of CVD mortality. Methods: A total of 100,297 genotyped participants aged 30-79 years from China Kadoorie Biobank were included, whose baseline information were collected from 2004-2008 and followed till Dec 31, 2023. MoChA pipeline was used to detect expanded mCAs events, including mCAs on autosomes, and the loss of X and Y chromosomes. FI was calculated using a previously validated equation using 28 health-related variables, which categorized participants into three groups: robust (FI≤0.1), prefrail (0.1<FI≤0.25), and frail (FI≥0.25). We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate the associations of the expanded mCAs, FI, as well as joint categories of expanded mCAs and FI with CVD mortality. Results: After a median follow-up of 17.2 years (IQR: 15.7-18.2), 13,655 deaths from CVD diseases were recorded. Expanded mCAs were associated with an increased risk of CVD mortality independent of FI (hazard ratio [HR] and 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.24 [1.13, 1.36]), including deaths from ischaemic heart diseases (IHD, 1.24 [1.08, 1.42]), from strokes (1.20 [1.03, 1.39]) and from pulmonary heart diseases (PHD, 2.20 [1.03, 4.68]). Compared with robust participants without expanded mCAs, frail participants with expanded mCAs had around three-times increased risks of CVD mortality (2.98 [2.17, 4.07]), deaths from IHD (3.18 [2.03, 4.96]), and death from strokes (2.79 [1.64, 4.74]), and had sixteen-times increased risks of PHD mortality (16.51 [3.63, 75.01]). Conclusion: Combining expanded mCAs, a novel pre-symptomatic marker, with frailty index might increase the prediction of death from multiple CVD diseases.

Novel 5-HT6R modulators as mTOR-dependent neuronal autophagy inductors

Early evidence of avocado domestication from El Gigante Rockshelter, Honduras

Molecular research suggests that avocados ( Persea americana Mill.) were domesticated multiple times in the Americas. Seed exchange, hybridization, and cloning have played an essential role across their wild distribution from Mexico to South America to create the modern varieties of today. Archaeological sites with well-preserved and directly radiocarbon-dated botanical assemblages are rare, however, so we know very little about the complexities of the domestication process. Here, we define an early locus of avocado domestication using well-dated desiccated and carbonized avocado remains from El Gigante rockshelter in western Honduras spanning the last 11,000 y. Measurements of avocado seeds and rinds show evidence for long-term management resulting in selection for larger, more robust fruits through time that culminated by 2,250 to 2,080 calendar B.P. (cal. B.P.). However, human-directed selection for larger fruits with thicker rinds is evident as early as 7,565 to 7,265 cal. B.P. Seed morphology is similar to P. americana var. guatemalensis and is congruent with genetic data for the development of this variety in both the highlands of Guatemala and Honduras. Increases in seed size and rind thickness through time are consistent with genetic evidence for the enrichment of putative candidate genes for fruit development and ripening in this variety.

Abstract P3086: Future Heart Motion Measurements in Deep Learning-based Predictive Imaging

Introduction: Predicting the motion of heartbeats and the progression of cardiovascular diseases offers potential opportunities to provide early warnings and timely prevention, diagnosis, and/or treatment. However, quantitative measurement for predicting subsequent heart motion in medical imaging is unclear. We hypothesized that amplitude measurement in the frequency domain can be used to detect subsequent heart motion in a recurrent neural network architecture. Methods: We performed image annotations on two-dimensional echocardiographic videos from the public domain and defined the Regions of Interest from diseased/control left ventricular (LV) areas of beating human hearts (20 videos with 1500 frames each). Pathologies included myocardial infarction and aortic aneurysms. Following the reduction of video frames into one-dimensional sequences, we converted the sequences into the frequency domain using Fast Fourier Transform. We also used a deep learning-based recurrent neural network architecture, especially Long Short-Term Memory model to perform both one-class and two-class Time-Series Analyses. We subsequently performed quantitative evaluation of the analyses. Results: The Time-Series Analysis of amplitude measurements was able to successfully predict subsequent frames. For one-class Time-Series Analysis, the average accuracy for high-quality videos was 0.82 for both control and diseased regions. For all videos, the accuracy was 0.81 for control regions and 0.82 for diseased regions. For two-class abnormality detection, the average precision was 0.9996 for high-quality videos and 0.9353 for all videos, the average recall was 0.98116 for high-quality videos and 0.9215 for all videos, the average specificity was 0.9995 for high-quality videos and 0.9353 for all videos, the average sensitivity was 0.9996 for high-quality videos and 0.9353 for all videos, and the average accuracy was 0.8918 for high-quality videos and 0.8378 for all videos. We also generated the Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (AUROC), and its average was 0.95. Conclusions: Using Fast-Fourier Transform and Long Short-Term Memory model, we successfully measured future heartbeats in both diseased and control LV walls. The results showed high precision, recall, sensitivity, specificity, and Receiver Operating Characteristics. These suggest that the progression of regional wall motion abnormalities may be predicted in cardiovascular diseases.