Browse Articles

USP39/SMC4 promotes hepatoma cell proliferation and 5-FU resistance

Functional and molecular single-cell analyses implicate PRDM14 in the initiation of B cell leukemia in mice

Space disinfection using TiO2 photocatalyst reduces the incidence of febrile neutropenia in cancer patients

Experimental study on the mechanism of rockburst in tunnel construction by drilling and blasting construction in high ground stress stratum

Sexual dimorphism and morphological integration in the orchid bee brain

Abstract Sex-specific behaviours are common across animals and often associated with sexual dimorphism in the nervous system. Using micro-CT scanning we standardized sex-specific brain atlases and tested for sexual dimorphism in the brain of the orchid bee Euglossa dilemma , a species with marked sex differences in social behaviour, mating strategies and foraging. Males show greater investment in all primary visual processing neuropils and are uniquely integrated with the central complex, evidenced by a strong positive covariation. This suggests that males invest more on locomotor control, flight stability and sky-compass navigation which may have evolved in response to sex-specific behaviours, like courtship display. In contrast, females have larger mushroom bodies that strongly and positively covary with the optic lobes and have increased volume of the Kenyon cell cluster, implying greater capabilities for visual associative memory. We speculate this is an adaptation to social and nest-building behaviours, and reliance on learning visual landmarks required for central place foraging. Our study provides the first record of sexually dimorphic morphological integration in the brain of an insect, an approach that revealed sex-specific brain traits that lack an apparent morphological signal. These subtle differences provide further evidence for the causal link between brain architecture and behaviour.

Author Correction: Energy optimization and plant comfort management in smart greenhouses using the artificial bee colony algorithm

Range dependent Hamiltonian algorithms for numerical QUBO formulation

Prism and Maddox rod test as a reliable tool for surgical targeting in small-angle AACE

Publisher Correction: Scattering of Sculpted Light in Intact Brain Tissue, with implications for Optogenetics

The impact of gamma interferon on BK virus candidate microRNAs and related miRNAs in kidney transplant patients with BK infection

Synergistic effects of biochar and plants can reduce greenhouse gas emissions from salt affected soil

YTHDC1 negatively regulates UBE3A to influence RAD51 ubiquitination and inhibit apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells

Preservation and alteration of inclusion-based calcite-water oxygen isotope and clumped isotope temperature signals in calcite veins

Abstract Knowledge of the formation temperatures of geological deposits is essential for investigating their genesis. Oxygen isotope thermometry (OIT), using the temperature dependence of oxygen isotope fractionation between host carbonate mineral and mineral-forming water trapped in fluid inclusions, and clumped isotope thermometry, based on the degree of 13C and 18O clumping, are receiving increasing interest. However, only a few studies have applied combinations of these methods, and their databases are limited. In this study, we compare OIT and clumped isotope temperatures obtained for 18 samples from Mesozoic to early Cenozoic calcite veins. Our analysis indicates that the formation temperatures were preserved in the clumped isotopic compositions (16–45 °C), whereas the OIT temperatures were shifted to lower temperatures (− 2 to 33 °C). An OIT temperature shift occurred, due to a retrograde oxygen isotope exchange between the fluid inclusion water and the host calcite. These results imply that the retrograde isotope exchange should be taken into consideration, even for low-temperature carbonate deposits, if a sufficiently long time is available.

Intraoperative use of high-speed Raman spectroscopy during soft tissue sarcoma resection

Engineering the coordination environment of Ni and Pd dual active sites for promoting the oxygen reduction reaction

A simple pathway for complete polarization vision

Novel composite bone cement modulates inflammatory response in vitro

Assessment of livelihood vulnerability to climate change among tribal communities in Chhindwara and Dhar district, Central India

Anatomical consideration for botulinum toxin injection of the frontalis muscle based on analysis of intramuscular innervation

Abstract The facial nerve is the seventh cranial nerve, and its temporal branch (TBFN) innervates the frontalis muscle. Peripheral nerve disorders involving the facial nerve can lead to facial palsy, for which a common non-invasive treatment approach is to inject a chemodenervation agent such as botulinum toxin (BoNT). The purpose of this study was to provide anatomical suggestions for BoNT injection sites in the frontalis muscle based on the intramuscular innervation pattern of the TBFN as identified objectively using Sihler’s staining. Nineteen hemifaces containing the TBFN and the frontalis muscle were harvested from 15 embalmed cadavers according to facial landmarks. The frontalis muscle was divided into 16 areas to identify the prevalence rates of distal nerve endings and the arborization pattern of the TBFN after applying Sihler’s staining. Distal nerve endings of the TBFN were most commonly found in area B2 (17 of 19 specimens, 89.5%), followed by in area B3 ( n  = 15, 78.9%). No distal nerve ending was observed in area A1. Two types of the arborization pattern of the TBFN were observed. We propose four BoNT injection sites based on the intramuscular innervation pattern of the TBFN in the frontalis muscle as identified using Sihler’s staining.

Clinical evaluation of a polarization-based optical noninvasive glucose sensing system