Time-resolved non-contact THz diagnostics of impurity state in different sulfur-implanted/laser-annealed silicon samples

S Sergey I. Kudryashov I Ivan M. Podlesnykh (Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences 2 , 53 Leninsky Prospect, 119991 Moscow,) V Valery A. Dravin (Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences 2 , 53 Leninsky Prospect, 119991 Moscow,) M Michael S. Kovalev (Bauman Moscow State Technical University 1 , 5/1 2nd Baumanskaya Str., 105005 Moscow,) P Pavel A. Chizhov (Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences 3 , 38 Vavilova Str., 119991 Moscow,) V Vladislava V. Bulgakova (Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences 3 , 38 Vavilova Str., 119991 Moscow,) A Alexander A. Ushakov (Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences 3 , 38 Vavilova Str., 119991 Moscow,) Y Yury G. Goncharov (Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences 3 , 38 Vavilova Str., 119991 Moscow,) G George K. Krasin (Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences 2 , 53 Leninsky Prospect, 119991 Moscow,) E Evgeny V. Kuzmin (Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences 2 , 53 Leninsky Prospect, 119991 Moscow,) A Anastasiya G. Bondarenko (Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences 2 , 53 Leninsky Prospect, 119991 Moscow,) P Pavel A. Maslov (Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology 4 , 9 Institutskiy per., 141701 Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region,) N Nikita D. Orekhov (Emerging Technologies Research Center, XPANCEO)

Abstract

An optical pump/terahertz probe method was utilized to evaluate the active impurity concentration and structural state in the sulfur-implanted (1018–1021 cm−3) surface layers of the crystalline silicon wafer, both in the as-implanted and nanosecond-laser annealed states. This method enabled, for the first time, non-contact electrical measurements of carrier scattering and recombination rates even in the implantation-disordered, poorly conducting hyperdoped Si samples. These measurements enabled the direct comparison of their active impurity content vs the concentration of implanted sulfur and its laser-annealing activation from the cluster form, indicating sulfur precipitation down to the equilibrium solubility limit in the as-implanted samples at the high impurity concentrations of 1020–1021 cm−3. These studies revealed the advanced potential modalities of the versatile optical pump/terahertz probe method for the unbiased non-contact acquisition of key electrical parameters in poorly conducting materials.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 164, Issue 13
Published April 07, 2026
ISSN 0021-9606
Publisher American Institute of Physics

Journal Info

The Journal of Chemical Physics

American Institute of Physics

ISSN: 0021-9606 Physical Sciences

Authors (13)

S

Sergey I. Kudryashov

I

Ivan M. Podlesnykh

Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences 2 , 53 Leninsky Prospect, 119991 Moscow,

V

Valery A. Dravin

Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences 2 , 53 Leninsky Prospect, 119991 Moscow,

M

Michael S. Kovalev

Bauman Moscow State Technical University 1 , 5/1 2nd Baumanskaya Str., 105005 Moscow,

P

Pavel A. Chizhov

Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences 3 , 38 Vavilova Str., 119991 Moscow,

V

Vladislava V. Bulgakova

Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences 3 , 38 Vavilova Str., 119991 Moscow,

A

Alexander A. Ushakov

Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences 3 , 38 Vavilova Str., 119991 Moscow,

Y

Yury G. Goncharov

Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences 3 , 38 Vavilova Str., 119991 Moscow,

G

George K. Krasin

Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences 2 , 53 Leninsky Prospect, 119991 Moscow,

E

Evgeny V. Kuzmin

Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences 2 , 53 Leninsky Prospect, 119991 Moscow,

A

Anastasiya G. Bondarenko

Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences 2 , 53 Leninsky Prospect, 119991 Moscow,

P

Pavel A. Maslov

Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology 4 , 9 Institutskiy per., 141701 Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region,

N

Nikita D. Orekhov

Emerging Technologies Research Center, XPANCEO