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Cefazolin for Methicillin-Susceptible <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Bacteremia
Spatial modelling of potential rockfall occurrence in Romania using the weight of evidence method
Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the extended Barcelona Music Reward Questionnaire
Individual differences in musical reward have increasingly been studied in neuroscience and music research. However, there are limited validated tools for evaluating musical reward with multidimensional measures in Turkish-speaking populations. The extended Barcelona Music Reward Questionnaire offers a comprehensive assessment of how individuals experience pleasure from music. This study aims to investigate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the extended Barcelona Music Reward Questionnaire (eBMRQ-TR). A total of 266 Turkish-speaking adults aged 18–65 completed the eBMRQ-TR using an online platform. This study included 189 non-musicians, 57 amateur musicians, and 20 professional musicians. Construct validity was investigated using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega. Test-retest reliability over a three-week period was evaluated in a subsample of 65 participants through intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Exploratory analyses were performed to define group differences in musicianship, gender, and age. The eBMRQ-TR comprised 24 items across six factors, accounting for 52.41% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated acceptable model fit [χ² (237) = 628, CFI = .946, TLI = .938, RMSEA = .079, SRMR = .057], supporting a six-factor structure for the eBMRQ-TR. The total eBMRQ-TR showed excellent internal consistency (α = .92; ω = .93). The test-retest reliability of the total eBMRQ-TR showed satisfactory temporal consistency, with an ICC of .80. Musicians demonstrated higher total eBMRQ-TR scores than non-musicians ( p < .001, η² = .11). The eBMRQ-TR is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring musical reward in Turkish-speaking adults. As a multidimensional measure, it could inform future studies of individual differences in musical engagement, particularly for research on musical reward and music perception.
Prehospital Whole Blood for Traumatic Hemorrhage — Consistent Evidence from Two Randomized Trials
Effects of controlling anterior tibial translation preserve sensory-motor function and mechanoreceptor morphology following anterior cruciate ligament injury in rats
Pharmacists Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Probiotics and Prebiotics: A Cross-Sectional Study from Palestine
Background Probiotics and prebiotics are increasingly used globally as part of complementary health intervention for various disorders. Pharmacists, as accessible healthcare providers, are key in guiding safe and effective use. However, little is known about Palestinian pharmacists’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards these products. This study aimed to assess pharmacists’ KAP regarding probiotics and prebiotics in Palestine and to identify demographic and professional factors associated with pharmacists’ knowledge score. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 pharmacists using a self-administered structured questionnaire, covering socio-demographics, probiotics and prebiotics knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Knowledge was assessed using a scoring system, and participants were categorized as having poor (≤50%; 0–17 points), moderate (>50%– < 70%; 18–23 points), or high (≥70%; 24–34 points) knowledge. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests and multivariable linear regression were used for analysis. All analyses were performed using SPSS version 26. Result Among 400 participating pharmacists, the majority of participants were female (66.25%), aged between 20 and 29 (74.25%), were staff pharmacists (82.50%), and worked in community pharmacies settings (92.25%). The mean knowledge score was 21.3 ± 6.1 (range: 4–34). Most participants demonstrated moderate knowledge (57.8%), while 32.0% achieved high knowledge and 10.3% had poor knowledge. In multivariable analysis, selected factors showed modest associations with knowledge score, including age, probiotic/prebiotic education, and prescription volume (P < 0.05). Attitudes were generally positive, with 85.5% believed they provide health benefits and 81% were willing to recommend them. Practice findings indicated variable self-reported counseling and recommendation behaviors, with barriers related to evidence access and confidence in clinical application. Conclusion Pharmacists in Palestine showed moderate overall knowledge, with positive attitudes towards probiotics and prebiotics, yet knowledge gaps persist. These findings suggest a need for targeted practice-oriented education and continuing professional development to strengthen evidence-based counseling and appropriate clinical application.
NEJM Outbreaks Update — Andes Hantavirus
Proteomic signatures of mitochondrial dysfunction associated with atrial fibrillation in goats
Abstract Atrial fibrillation (AF) increases energy demand in atrial myocytes, yet the mitochondrial mechanisms underlying this stress remain poorly defined. Using previously published proteomic data from left atrial tissue of AF and sham-operated goats, we performed organelle-specific bioinformatic analyses of the mitochondrial fraction. Over-representation and consensus pathway analyses consistently highlighted enrichment of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) subunits. Gene set enrichment and network analyses implicated Heat Shock Protein Family A Member 9 (HSPA9) as a potentially central regulatory hub coordinating the dysregulation of Complex I and III subunits, with 69% of regulatory relationships showing pathway concordance. These results indicate a coordinated, system-wide mitochondrial adaptation in AF, integrating energy production, proteostasis, and respiratory chain regulation.
Healthier dietary habits are associated with lower depression and anxiety among medical students at a private university in Lima, Peru: A cross-sectional study
Introduction Anxiety and depression are common conditions among medical students. In recent years, numerous factors associated with these disorders have been investigated; however, evidence regarding the role of dietary habits remains limited. Objective To evaluate the association between dietary habits and the presence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among medical students at a private university in Lima, Peru. Methods An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in 2025 among medical students aged 18 years and older. Dietary habits were assessed using the Healthy Eating Index, while anxiety and depression were measured using the GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scales, respectively. Poisson regression with robust variance was used to calculate prevalence ratios (PR). Results A total of 264 students were included. Only a minority had healthy dietary habits (1.1%), and the prevalences of anxiety (34.9%) and depression (45.1%) were high. For each additional point in the Healthy Eating Index, the prevalence of anxiety decreased by 3% (aPR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.95 to 0.98), while the prevalence of depression decreased by 2% (aPR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.96 to 0.99). Conclusion Dietary habits were inversely associated with the prevalence of anxiety and depression among medical students. These findings highlight the importance of promoting healthy dietary patterns as part of comprehensive strategies for the prevention and promotion of mental health in this population.
Case 17-2026: A 74-Year-Old Man with Pancytopenia
Recycling pharmaceutical waste (vancomycin) as sustainable corrosion inhibition for API 5 L X60 carbon steel in 1 M hydrochloric acid: a combined electrochemistry and theoretical study
Intelligent automation cognitive system for accurate malaria diagnosis using digital blood smears
Malaria is a potentially fatal illness caused by a parasite of the genus Plasmodium that humans get by being bitten by female Anopheles mosquitoes carrying the infection. The incidence of malaria worldwide is disproportionately high in the African continent. Automated systems and cognitive analysis of digitized images of blood smears were used to diagnose Plasmodium malaria. This method is implemented in the Aidos intelligent system, which is easily accessible online. For the study, the database included images of 191 blood smears of patients infected with malaria and 227 images of blood samples from healthy patients. The images were digitized using the method developed by Professor Lutsenko E.V. The images were digitized for 12 light spectra. Then, spectral analysis of the blood smear images was carried out only for 18 new patients, and the duration was 10 seconds. The average similarity value of Plasmodium malaria recognition in patients was achieved at 66.965%. No false positive decisions were obtained for digitalized blood smears from healthy patients. The automated system-cognitive analysis of digitized blood smears provides instant diagnostic support. It allows medical workers with limited knowledge in microscopy and artificial intelligence to perform diagnostics.
Sudan Virus Disease in Uganda, 2025
A longitudinal analysis of generational shifts in professional men’s tennis across the open era
Abstract Professional men’s tennis has transformed significantly since the Open Era began in 1968, with shifts in playing styles, competition levels, and match patterns driven by advances in technology, training, and rules. However, systematic quantification of these changes remains unexplored. This study examines approximately 198,000 ATP matches from 1968 to 2025 through network analysis and machine learning techniques, applying concept drift methods to characterize temporal changes and understand how the sport has evolved across eras and court surfaces. Key findings include greater overall competitiveness, with more frequent upsets and fewer one-sided wins, as top-player dominance has spread more evenly across the field. Matches have grown longer by about 16.5 minutes on average since 1991, serves have become more effective (with 1.7 more aces per match and 2.4% higher win rates on serve points), and return effectiveness has declined by 2.4%. Court surfaces show increasing similarity, with grass courts converging toward the pace of other surfaces. These findings quantify the sport’s shift toward a more powerful, endurance-based game, amid advancements in racket technology and player conditioning. This research demonstrates the power of machine learning to uncover the evolutionary patterns of the tennis game.
Harvester perceptions of pesticide impacts on snail collection along Cameroon’s Atlantic coast
The coastal regions of Cameroon comprising South-West, Littoral, and South are major agricultural hubs and important zones for harvesting African giant land snails ( Achatinidae ). Snail collection provides both a vital protein source for local consumers and a source of income for harvesters. Agricultural intensification has increased pesticide use in these areas, raising concerns about potential impacts on snail populations and human health. This study assessed harvesters’ perceptions of how pesticides influence the quantity and size of snails collected. A total of 211 harvesters from six localities (Kribi, Buea, Limbe, Mbanga, Njombe-Penja, and Dibamba) were surveyed through interviews and participant observations. Descriptive statistics and regression models were applied to explore socio-demographic influences on perceptions. Results showed that while 58% of harvesters believed pesticides reduce snail size, 61% did not perceive an effect on snail quantity. Snail collection was reported to be most successful during nocturnal periods and in October, aligning with ecological seasonality. Regression analysis revealed a weak but statistically significant association between perceptions of pesticide impacts and reported harvesting quantities ( R² = 0.065 ), with perceived effects on snail quantity emerging as the only significant predictor. Despite awareness of pesticide risks, 63% of respondents expressed no interest in snail farming, citing preference for wild harvesting. This study highlights local knowledge on pesticide risks but also reveals a gap between awareness and adaptive practices. Findings are framed as perceptions, not direct ecological measurements, and they underline the need for awareness campaigns, sustainable harvesting practices, and supportive policies for alternative snail production systems.
Chromoblastomycosis
Overweight/obesity clustering and wealth differentials among indigenous households in Eastern India
Nonlinear regression modeling of ruminal fermentation dynamics in buffered diets using in vitro gas production
Understanding ruminal fermentation dynamics is essential for improving feed efficiency in ruminant nutrition. This study evaluated several nonlinear regression models to describe in vitro gas production kinetics in diets with different forage-to-concentrate ratios and buffer inclusion. Fermentation experiments were conducted using total mixed rations containing various concentrate levels, both with and without dietary buffers. Cumulative gas production data were fitted to exponential, logistic, Gompertz, and Michaelis–Menten models. Model performance was assessed using statistical goodness-of-fit criteria and the biological relevance of the estimated parameters. The results showed that buffer supplementation enhanced fermentation kinetics by stabilizing pH, increasing total gas production, and modifying volatile fatty acid profiles. Although no single model consistently outperformed others, model suitability depended on the specific diet–buffer combination. Sigmoidal models generally provided better fits for buffered diets, whereas exponential models were more accurate under high-concentrate, unbuffered conditions. These findings emphasize the importance of selecting context-specific models for analyzing ruminal fermentation data. The integration of in vitro gas production and nonlinear modeling offers a reliable approach to evaluate dietary strategies that improve nutrient utilization and feed efficiency in ruminant systems.