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Receptor mechanism producing a sweet taste from plant aroma compounds

Contribution of walking to and from school on overall physical activity: a one-year follow up study

This study is the first in Japan to prospectively examine the relationship between walking to and from school and physical activity in primary school children. A total of 76 participants completed baseline and follow-up assessments, and their mean age was 9.6 ±  1.0 years at baseline and 10.6 ±  1.0 years at follow-up. The participants’ mode of school commute was measured by a questionnaire. Step counts, sedentary time, light physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was assessed using an accelerometer. Comparisons of physical activity variables at baseline and follow-up and tracking of physical activity were analyzed. Overall physical activity levels decreased at follow-up compared to baseline. However, the contribution of commuting school activities to overall physical activity significantly increased at follow-up compared to baseline, especially in step counts and MVPA. Walking to and from school contributed to the participants’ overall physical activity in MVPA were 39.6 ±  15.3% and 49.1 ±  13.8% for all participants at baseline and follow-up, respectively. Tracking correlation coefficients were high for the steps counts (r =  0.80–0.89) and MVPA (r =  0.71–0.75) in commuting school. In conclusions, walking to and from school significantly contributed to overall physical activity in primary school students. Physical activity during the school commute in short-term exhibited a low-to-strong association. These findings emphasize the importance of promoting physical activity interventions and implementing school policies that encourage walking to and from school. Future research will need to examine other populations and countries over a long-term period.

Predictive framework to evaluate ternary nanocomposite over surface subjected to novel physical perspective

Legacies of temperature fluctuations promote stability in marine biofilm communities

Abstract The increasing frequency and intensity of extreme climate events are driving significant biodiversity shifts across ecosystems. Yet, the extent to which these climate legacies will shape the response of ecosystems to future perturbations remains poorly understood. Here, we tracked taxon and trait dynamics of rocky intertidal biofilm communities under contrasting regimes of warming (fixed vs. fluctuating) and assessed how they influenced stability dimensions in response to temperature extremes. Fixed warming enhanced the resistance of biofilm by promoting the functional redundancy of stress-tolerance traits. In contrast, fluctuating warming boosted recovery rate through the selection of fast-growing taxa at the expense of functional redundancy. This selection intensified a trade-off between stress tolerance and growth further limiting the ability of biofilm to cope with temperature extremes. Anticipating the challenges posed by future extreme events, our findings offer a forward-looking perspective on the stability of microbial communities in the face of ongoing climatic change.

Abstract P3171: Socioeconomic Adversity and Kidney Impairment in a Mexico-US Border Population

Introduction: SDOHs are strongly associated with kidney disease and, more broadly, impairment. Studies of SDOHs and kidney impairment may further identify relationships with more severe disease, especially for cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic health. Nationally, increased socioeconomic adversity (SEA) affects kidney impairment and disease, particularly in Hispanic/Latino (HL) populations. We assessed SEA, a SDOH composite of income, education, and occupation, with kidney impairment in a US-Mexico border population. Hypothesis: We hypothesized higher SEA was associated with increased kidney impairment prevalence. Methods: We used cross-sectional data of 2,138 Cameron County Hispanic Cohort participants (67.4% female, ages 18-95). SEA was a composite of 3-level SDOH variables: self-reported income, education, and occupation, with the upper 50% representing higher SEA/lower SES. Kidney impairment was classified using eGFR CR <90 ml/min/1.73m, kidney hospitalization history, or dialysis use. We included gender, age, US nativity, health insurance status, diabetes status (ADA guidelines), hypertension status (2017 AHA guidelines), CVD treatment, and having high cholesterol as potential confounders. We used a stepwise approach to build Poisson regression models. Results: Of 2,138 participants, 1,439 (67.4%) were higher SEA and 659 (30.9%) had kidney impairment. Among high SEA individuals vs. low, 48.5% had no insurance (vs. 34.7%), the mean age was 57.4 years with SD 14.2 (vs. 50.8, SD 13.7), and 28.0% were US-born (vs. 54.7%). Also, in the high SEA group, 33.7% had kidney impairment (vs. 25.3%), 38.4% had diabetes (27.6%), 53.4% had hypertension (vs. 46.9%), 37.4% were CVD treated (vs. 26.7%), and 42.1% had high cholesterol (vs. 35.7%). Those with high SEA had 1.49 times the odds of kidney impairment (95% CI 1.22, 1.83) compared to participants with low SEA, though the association was attenuated in the adjusted model (aOR 1.16, 95% CI 0.91, 1.49). No SEA component was statistically significant for kidney impairment in a full model. Models stratified by nativity showed a 1.23 OR in US-born (95% CI 0.93, 1.63) vs OR 0.94 in non-US born (95% CI 0.68, 1.31). Conclusions: While not statistically significant, we found a positive relationship between high SEA and kidney impairment in a HL cohort on the US-Mexico border. This is inconsistent with national findings in HL populations and suggests that there may be unique sociocultural dynamics that mitigate this relationship.

Abstract P3145: Variation in Cerebrovascular Disease Mortality among Asian American Ethnic Subgroups

Introduction: While cerebrovascular disease is the 5th leading cause of death in the United States, there is limited knowledge about cerebrovascular disease mortality in Asian Americans. Asian Americans are more likely to experience severe ischemic strokes compared to non-Hispanic Whites. This study examines the variability in cerebrovascular disease mortality among disaggregated Asian Americans from 2012 to 2022. Methods: We analyzed US death certificate data for cerebrovascular disease among non-Hispanic Asian American subgroups (Chinese, Filipino, Asian Indian, Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese) and non-Hispanic White (NHW) Americans from 2012 to 2022. We calculated age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR), average annual percent change (AAPC) of ASMR using Joinpoint regression analysis, and proportional mortality ratios of cerebrovascular disease. Results: Among 672,654 non-Hispanic Asian American and 268,574,419 non-Hispanic White deaths from all causes, ASMR from cerebrovascular disease significantly increased in Asian American men in aggregate, Asian Indian women, Japanese women, Vietnamese men and women, and non-Hispanic White men and women from 2012 to 2022, and remained stagnant in Asian American women, Asian Indian men, Chinese men and women, Filipino men and women, Japanese men, Korean men and women (Table 1). The highest ASMR from cerebrovascular disease in 2022 among Asian American subgroups was in Vietnamese women (37 per 100,000) and men (48 per 100,000). In 2022, cerebrovascular disease represented 7.1% to 9.5% of deaths of Asian American women and 5.1% to 7.6% of deaths of Asian American men. Relative to the general U.S. population, proportional mortality ratios for cerebrovascular disease ranged from 1.18 in Korean American women to 1.63 in Vietnamese American women and 1.21 in Japanese American men to 1.87 in Vietnamese American men. Conclusion: The increasing mortality of cerebrovascular disease among disaggregated Asian Americans over the past decade, especially surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic, highlights the need for directed treatment and prevention efforts to address cerebrovascular disease in these diverse populations.

Efficacy of Irbesartan in Celiprolol-Treated Patients With Vascular Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome

BACKGROUND: Vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by defective type III collagen and a high risk of arterial morbidity and mortality. Several cardiovascular drugs are used for treatment, including celiprolol, but no controlled trial in this condition has been conducted to date. We hypothesized the benefit of the addition of an angiotensin II receptor blocker. METHODS: A multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of the angiotensin II receptor blocker irbesartan in adults with vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome on stable background celiprolol therapy. Patients were randomized 1:1 to receive irbesartan (150 mg/day titrated to 300 mg/day) or placebo for 2 years. The composite primary outcome was defined as any vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome–related fatal or nonfatal arterial event or any new or worsening arterial lesions detected by systematic head-to-pelvis computed tomography angiography or peripheral arterial duplex ultrasound at different time points, using a time-to-first-event analysis. RESULTS: Twenty-nine participants (62% female; 40.3±11.3 years of age) were randomized to irbesartan, and 28 (64% female; 40.7±11.0 years of age) were randomized to placebo. The composite primary outcome occurred in 8 of 29 patients (27.6%) receiving irbesartan versus 15 of 28 patients (53.6%) receiving placebo (hazard ratio, 0.42 [95% CI, 0.17, 0.99]; P <0.05). The risk of recurrent symptomatic or nonsymptomatic arterial events was lower with irbesartan than with placebo (risk ratio, 0.37 [95% CI, 0.19, 0.68]; P =0.002). A reduction of progression of arterial lesions was observed at all sites. Irbesartan significantly reduced systolic blood pressure compared with placebo (baseline-adjusted difference of 5.4 mm Hg [ P <0.001]), but no relation was observed with the reduction of the primary composite outcome. Eleven episodes of irbesartan-related hypotension were recorded, leading to a downtitration in 4 patients. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with placebo, irbesartan reduced the risk of severe symptomatic and asymptomatic arterial events in patients with vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome on background celiprolol therapy. REGISTRATION: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT02597361.

Clinical and functional significance of SPATA2 in cancer particularly in LIHC

Metasurface enabled high-order differentiator

Temporal Effects of Plozasiran on Lipids and Lipoproteins in Persistent Chylomicronemia

Abstract P3135: Associations Between Cardiovascular Health, Stress, and Emotional Intelligence in First-Year Medical Students; Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Medical students encounter stressors that affect their psychological and cardiovascular health. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between cardiovascular health, perceived stress, physical activity, empathy, and emotional intelligence among first-year medical students in a Colombian university Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that Psychoemotional health influences cardiovascular health in medical students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted as a secondary analysis of the longitudinal project "Follow-up on Mind and Body Components in Medical Students at Universidad del Rosario." All first-semester students from 2019-2020 were invited to participate (IRB approval: CEIC 3907-2019). Nonprobabilistic convenience sampling was used. Cardiovascular health was assessed using the AHA’s Cardiovascular Health Index (CVHI) and waist-to-height ratio. Stress, empathy, and emotional intelligence were measured via the Perceived Stress Scale-14, Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), and Trait Meta Mood Scale-24 (TMMS-24). Data were analyzed using correlation matrices and regression models Results: Of the 196 participants (62% female), 79.1% had ideal CVHI, and 92.0% had no cardiovascular risk based on waist-to-height ratio. Moderate-to-poor scores were found in CVHI components: diet (94.7%), physical activity (50.7%), cholesterol (39%), and blood pressure (35%), see figure 1. CVHI was positively correlated with vigorous physical activity and TMMS-24 components (clarity and repair) and negatively correlated with perceived stress. The risk of intermediate CVHI increased with higher TMMS-24 attention (RR: 5.34, CI: 1.03-17.55) and the interaction between IRI personal distress and stress (RR: 2.32, CI: 1.06-5.05). TMMS-24 clarity reduced this risk by 33% (RR: 0.45-1.00). Most students reported moderate (68.6%) or high (9.2%) stress levels, with females reporting higher stress scores (F: 27.1 vs. M: 23.2), see figure 2. Moderate physical activity (RR: 0.71) and higher TMMS-24 clarity (ß: -2.68, CI: -4.02 to -1.33) and repair (ß: -1.60, CI: -2.94 to -0.26) were protective against stress, see figure 3. Conclusions: In conclusion, most medical students had ideal CVHI, but moderate-to-poor scores in key components. Females experienced higher stress levels. Personal distress heightened the negative impact of stress on cardiovascular health, while moderate physical activity and emotional clarity and repair were effective coping strategies.

Abstract P2030: Association of Urinary Arsenic Concentration with Hypertension and Arterial Stiffness in Afro-Caribbean Adults

Arsenic exposure is common throughout the world and is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Blood pressure (BP) and arterial stiffening are sensitive measures of subclinical CVD that are common in the Afro-Caribbean Tobagonian population. However, little is known about arsenic exposure and its relationship to CVD in Tobago. We examined cross-sectional associations of urinary arsenic species and total urinary arsenic (TUA) with BP, hypertension, and arterial stiffness in Tobagonian adults. Concentrations of urinary dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), and inorganic arsenic (iAs) were quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in spot urine samples collected from a random subset of 965 participants from the Tobago Health Study. Arsenic concentrations below the limit of detection were imputed as LOD/√2. Total urinary arsenic (TUA) was calculated as the sum of DMA, MMA, and iAs and log-transformed; %DMA, %MMA, and %iAs were calculated as the proportion of DMA, MMA, and iAs in TUA. Participants underwent brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (PWV) measurement and measurements of BP, height, and weight. Hypertension was defined as systolic BP≥130 mmHg, diastolic BP≥80 mmHg or use of anti-hypertensive medication. Multiple linear and logistic regressions were adjusted for log-transformed urinary creatinine (all models), age and sex (models 2 and 3), height and weight (model 3) and hypertension status (model 3 for PWV outcomes). Predictors were calculated for 805 individuals without missing data. The median age of this sample was 58 years (range 40-84); 48.2% were female and 72.9% had hypertension. Raw mean ± SD TUA was 16.6±17.6 ng/mL and mean (range) for proportions were: DMA: 80% (22-99%), MMA: 12% (0.2-41%), iAs: 6% (0.6-50%). In model 1, TUA, %DMA and %iAs were associated with higher SBP and greater odds of hypertension and %MMA was associated with lower SBP and lower odds of hypertension; associations were attenuated after adjusting for age and sex (Table). All predictors were associated with PWV in model 1; the association between greater %MMA and lesser PWV was independent of age, sex, height, weight and hypertension (Table). In a sample of Tobagonian adults, TUA was associated with increased BP and PWV. Further research is needed to fully understand the relationships between arsenic exposure and metabolism and CVD in Afro-Caribbean populations who are at high risk for both arsenic exposure and CVD.

Correlation of sdLDL-C and Apob with the degree of cerebral artery stenosis in posterior circulation stroke

Correction for Mayo et al., Band asymmetry–driven nonreciprocal electronic transport in a helimagnetic semimetal α-EuP ₃

Surface-hydroxylated single-atom catalyst with an isolated Co-O-Zn configuration achieves high selectivity in regulating active species

Abstract P1002: MIND Diet, Circulating Inflammatory Biomarkers, and Cognitive Function: A Prospective Study

Background: Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegeneration Delay (MIND) diet was associated with better cognitive outcomes, but the role of inflammation in this association was rarely explored. Methods: We included 3777 Health and Retirement Study participants (mean age=65.3 years, 59.0% female) who completed the food frequency questionnaire in 2013 and assayed for 18 inflammatory markers in venous blood in 2016. The inflammatory markers included 5 cytokines and 4 other proteins in serum and 9 blood cell measures. Cognitive function was assessed using the 27-unit modified Telephone Interview of Cognitive Status (TICS-m) in 2016, 2018, and 2020. We used linear regression models to assess the associations of the MIND diet score with inflammatory markers and performed mediation analysis to whether they mediate the MIND-cognitive function association. Results: During the 7-year follow-up, higher MIND diet score indicating higher compliance to the MIND diet was significantly associated with better cognitive function (beta per 3-unit increment with global cognitive function z-score=0.05, 95% CI: 0.02-0.09). Higher MIND score was also related to lower levels of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), IL-6, IL-10, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 (sTNFR-1), C-reaction protein (CRP), cystatin C, neutrophils, and white blood cell count and higher level of albumin (false discovery rates<0.05). Among them, higher levels of IL-6, IL-10, sTNFR-1, cystatin C, neutrophils, and white blood cell count, and lower level of albumin were inversely associated with cognition in later waves (P-values<0.05 for all). Further, the association of the MIND diet with cognitive function was significantly mediated by cystatin C (11.0%), sTNFR-1 (9.5%), IL-6 (4.6%), white blood cell count (3.6%), and IL-10 (3.3%). Collectively, these markers mediated the MIND-cognition association by 11.8% (p<0.001). Conclusion: Adherence to the MIND diet is associated with a panel of circulating systemic inflammatory markers that have been extensively investigated in Alzheimer’s disease. These peripheral blood-based biomarkers significantly mediate the MIND-cognition association and may serve as potential targets or intermediate outcomes of dietary intervention for cognitive health.

Abstract P3109: Exploring the Interplay of Plant-Based Diets, Microbiota, and Metabolites: Implications for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention

Introduction: Plant-based diets have gained attention for their potential to improve cardiovascular health through various mechanisms, including the modulation of gut microbiota and metabolites. To investigate the impact of plant-based diets on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, we conducted the Study with Appetizing Plantfoods - Meat Eating Alternatives Trial (SWAP-MEAT) (NCT03718988). Participants were assigned to consume either plant-based meats or animal meats for two consecutive 8-week phases, swapping from either plant-to-animal or vice versa at the 8-week midpoint. We previously reported improvements in several CVD risk factors, including a decrease in trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) levels in both plant-based diet groups. We found a diet-order effect: participants assigned a plant-based diet for phase 1 did not see an increase in TMAO during their subsequent animal-meat phase, suggesting differential effects on microbiome composition and production of trimethylamine (TMA), a precursor of TMAO, based on the sequence of dietary interventions. Our objective was to determine if the intestinal environment, made up of metabolites, microbiota, and the enzymes they secrete, were altered between groups 1 and 2 after phase 1, mediating the order effect we observed in our original SWAP-MEAT study. Methods: We investigated the expression of specific microbiome-encoded genes in relation to subsequent serum TMAO concentrations, as well as determined fecal metabolite differences that correspond to the different diets. We conducted 16S microbiome analysis, metabolomics analysis, and qRT-PCR analysis to measure the relative abundance of mRNA from genes involved in TMA production. We tested Spearman’s correlations of TMA enzymes, metabolites, and microbes with TMAO across groups to evaluate changes in the intestinal environment in groups 1 and 2. Results: We identified around 50 significant metabolites, and 12 significant microbiota genera correlated with TMAO. No significant correlation was found for the TMA ensues CntA, CutC, and GrdH with TMAO. Conclusions: By identifying trends associated with both dietary patterns and TMA production, we aim to advance personalized patient care and develop targeted therapies for CVD prevention. Ultimately, this research advances microbiome-based approaches for cardiovascular disease prevention and informs future interventions targeting gut microbiota and metabolites.

Abstract P2056: Strengthening Partnerships to Improve Diet and Achieve Nutrition Security: A Social Network Analysis

Introduction: Whole-of-community interventions engage multiple sectors to address determinants of cardiovascular health, particularly for racialized and socioeconomically marginalized populations. The Building Access to Food through Systems and Solidarity (BASIS) project collaborates with academia, farming organizations, elementary schools and community-based organizations to improve diet and achieve nutrition security in Sunset Park, Brooklyn. We conducted social network analysis to evaluate partnerships and community engagement efforts impacting BASIS implementation. Methods: We invited 10 core BASIS partners to participate in a staff-administered network survey between December 2023 and January 2024. We constructed network maps and examined collaboration, relationship strength, and information exchange. Results: Nine out of 10 partners completed the interviews, representing the four BASIS sectors addressing nutrition health disparities in low-income, immigrant, and racialized communities in New York City. On average, partners had been involved with BASIS for two years, with 31 full-time and six part-time employees directly involved. All partners reported strong commitment to BASIS, attending regular meetings, helping with programming, and outreach. Most (88.9%) offered BASIS programming, 77.8% helped with outreach or provided technical assistance, and 22.2% connected BASIS to policymakers. About 80% of reported direct interactions in the past year, with 46.2% indicating occasional communication, 13.8% engaged in coordination, and 40% forming partnership. For information sharing, 63-100% shared information and 50-100% received it. For resources, 37.5-100% shared resources and 25-100% received them. For referrals, 0-88% sent referrals and 12.5-87.5% received them. All partners reported BASIS frequently fostered new, beneficial relationships; 77.8% reported they often had increased access to funding/resources, 66.7% often experienced greater capacity, 55.6% often saw better use of their services, and 44.4% often gained new knowledge/skills. Conclusions: Findings demonstrate the partnership dynamics that inform effective delivery of the BASIS program. We will assess BASIS network characteristics over the four-year project period. Social network actors and activities are important determinants of dissemination and implementation efforts, helping to identify areas for improved engagement and strengthen the network’s capacity for effective health promotion.

Combined utility of genomic breakpoints and frame is a reliable predictor of ALK transcript function

Proteogenomic characterization reveals tumorigenesis and progression of lung cancer manifested as subsolid nodules