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Optimizing multiprocessor performance in real-time systems using an innovative genetic algorithm approach
Abstract Due to its enormous influence on system functionality, researchers are presently looking into the issue of task scheduling on multiprocessors. Establishing the most advantageous schedules is often regarded as a difficult-to-compute issue. Genetic Algorithm is a recent tool employed by researchers to optimize scheduling tasks and boost performance, although this field of research is yet mostly unexplored. In this article, a novel approach for generating task schedules for real-time systems utilizing a Genetic Algorithm is proposed. The approach seeks to design task schedules for multiprocessor systems with optimal or suboptimal lengths, with the ultimate goal of achieving high performance. This research project focuses on non-preemptive independent tasks in a multiprocessor environment. All processors are assumed to be identical. We conducted a thorough analysis of the proposed approach and pitted it against three frequently utilized scheduling methodologies: the “Evolutionary Fuzzy Based Scheduling Algorithm”, the “Least Laxity First Algorithm”, and the “Earliest Deadline First Algorithm”. The Proposed Algorithm demonstrated superior efficiency and reliability compared to Earliest Deadline First, Least Laxity First, and Evolutionary Fuzzy-based Scheduling Algorithm. It consistently achieved zero missed deadlines and the lowest average response and turnaround times across all scenarios, maintaining optimal performance even under high load conditions.
Social ecology of artisanal sand mining in the Niger River around Bamako, Mali
Sand, shaping both natural waterways and urban infrastructure, has recently seen a major surge in extraction, particularly in rapidly urbanizing regions like West Africa. To assess the organization, quantification, and socio-ecological implications of sand mining around Mali’s capital Bamako, we employed a mixed methods approach including structured and unstructured interviews, truck counts, turbidity analyses, and river depth measurements. Our study identified five artisanal systems for mining sand and gravel from the Niger River, using tied-up pirogues, single pirogues, carts, tractors, and trucks. Recent increases in extracted quantities, workforce size, and sand prices were observed, resulting in an estimated annual extraction of 4.86 million m3 in 2022, mainly sourced from upstream of Bamako. With extraction rates surpassing natural replenishment, the riverbed in the study communities of Gouni and Usine Toch has reportedly lowered by 1.4 m and 1.8 m during the last 50 years. Mining activities are highly informal, characterized by self-organization, low and irregular salaries, and unsafe working conditions, particularly for women. Economically, sand mining activities have created symbiotic relationships rather than conflicts with local farming, fishing and other livelihoods. Sand mining operations did not significantly affect the Niger River’s water turbidity, which varied primarily with seasonal rainfall fluctuations. Recent developments suggest that mining activities are accelerating, with mechanized practices likely to replace current artisanal methods and underlying social structures.
Forecasting of virtual power plant generating and energy arbitrage economics in the electricity market using machine learning approach
First-line glaucoma monotherapy medication patterns in Finland during 1995–2019 based on a population-based study
Background The long-term patterns in first-line glaucoma medication are not well established. Exploring these in longitudinal and population-based settings would provide information for the healthcare systems to plan glaucoma care accordingly. Objective To evaluate patterns in first-line glaucoma monotherapy in Finland during 1995–2019 based on nationwide survey and register data. Methods A population-based cohort study with 25 years of total follow-up. The cohort (n = 9288) is a random sample drawn from the nationwide health examination survey FinHealth 2017 which represents the Finnish population aged 30 years or older in 2017. Glaucoma patients were selected from the survey participants based on linked register data that included prescriptions and special reimbursements for glaucoma medication. The patterns, length of use, age at initiation, and persistence of first-line glaucoma drug monotherapies were observed during 1995–2019. Results A total of 141 glaucoma patients with glaucoma drug monotherapy as a first-line glaucoma therapy were identified from the sample. The proportion of patients continuing with their first-line monotherapy was 64% after 1 year, 37% after 3 years, and 21% after 5 years of follow-up. During the 25 years there was a shift from beta-blockers to prostaglandin analogues as the prominent first-line glaucoma drug class. The length of use was longer for prostaglandin analogues compared with beta-blockers among patients continuing with their first-line monotherapy after 5 years of follow-up. The non-persistence rate was 38% of all patients during their first-line monotherapy. Timolol fixed-combinations were the most common second-line glaucoma therapy with a share of 39% after 5 years of follow-up. Conclusions During the 25-year follow-up a shift from beta-blockers to prostaglandin analogues had occurred and long initial therapies of over 5 years had become more common. However, the decline in the continuation of the initial therapy still occurred early with 1 out of 3 patients continuing after 3 years. This decline together with the consistent problem of non-persistence remain clinical challenges in topical drug therapy of glaucoma.
Optimized PID controller and model order reduction of reheated turbine for load frequency control using teaching learning-based optimization
Abstract Load frequency control (LFC) systems in power grids face challenges in maintaining stability while managing computational complexity. This research presents an optimized approach combining model order reduction techniques with Teaching Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO) for PID controller tuning in single-area LFC systems. Three reduction methods—Routh Approximation, Balanced Truncation, and Hankel Norm Approximation—were implemented to reduce system order from 4th to 2nd order, achieving a 47.3% reduction in computational time. The TLBO-optimized PID controller was compared with conventional tuning methods (Ziegler-Nichols, AMIGO, S-IMC, and CHR), demonstrating superior performance with a 38.2% decrease in settling time and 42.7% reduction in peak overshoot. The Routh Approximation method exhibited optimal performance with minimum settling time (2.8s) and peak overshoot (8.4%). Sensitivity analysis revealed stable system behavior with phase margin maintained at 84.25 degrees across parameter variations. The proposed approach achieved a 56.8% reduction in Integral Square Error compared to conventional methods, establishing its effectiveness for modern power grid applications. This research provides a robust framework for implementing efficient load frequency control in power systems while maintaining system stability and performance.
Comparison of two active warming techniques on body temperature in healthy, anesthetized dogs premedicated with acepromazine or dexmedetomidine: A pilot study
Temperature regulation in dogs is significantly impaired during general anesthesia. Glabrous skin on paws may facilitate thermoregulation from this area and is a potential target for interventions attenuating hypothermia. This pilot study aimed to compare efficacy of an innovative warming device placed on the front paws (AVAcore; AVA), with no warming methods (NONE) and conventional truncal warming methods (CONV; circulating water blanket/forced air warmer) on rectal temperature and anesthetic recovery times. Dogs were premedicated with acepromazine (ACE) or dexmedetomidine (DEX), induced with intravenous propofol and maintained on isoflurane. The change in rectal temperature was statistically separated into three segments: 15 minutes following premedication, prior to induction (T0-T15), 15 minutes following anesthetic induction into isoflurane maintenance (T15-T30), and >30 minutes of isoflurane maintenance (>T30). Overall, when warming treatments and time points were combined, the decrease in rectal temperature from baseline was significantly greater with ACE than DEX (P < 0.05). When ACE and DEX were analyzed separately, changes in rectal temperatures did not differ between warming techniques at T0-T15 and T15-T30 (P > 0.05). However, at >T30 minutes, slopes of the temperature change differed between all three warming device groups, despite whether ACE or DEX was administered; temperature decreased least in CONV whereas the NONE had the largest decreases (P < 0.05). At >T30, when warming devices were considered separately, slopes of the temperature change in AVA and NONE did not differ between ACE and DEX (P > 0.050). However, in CONV, DEX had a significantly faster increase in slope than did ACE (P < 0.05). No differences in recovery times were observed between techniques or premedications (P > 0.05). Although CONV provided the most stable thermoregulation in anesthetized dogs, the AVAcore also moderated decreases in body temperature associated with general anesthesia despite premedication, providing an additional warming technique in dogs.
Association between surgery and increased survival in primary central nervous system lymphoma: a retrospective cohort study
Elemental cryo-imaging reveals SOS1-dependent vacuolar sodium accumulation
SAASNets: Shared attention aggregation Siamese networks for building change detection in multispectral remote sensing
Interfered by external factors, the receptive field limits the traditional CNN multispectral remote sensing building change detection method. It is difficult to obtain detailed building changes entirely, and redundant information is reused in the encoding stage, which reduces the feature representation and detection performance. To address these limitations, we design a Siamese network of shared attention aggregation to learn the detailed semantics of buildings in multispectral remote sensing images. On the one hand, a special attention embedding module is introduced into each subspace of the feature extractor to promote the interaction between multi-scale local features and enhance the representation of global features. On the other hand, a highly efficient channel and position multi-head attention module is added to the Siamese features to encode position details while sharing channel information. In addition, adopting a feature aggregation module with a residual strategy to fuse the features of different stages of the Siamese network is beneficial for detecting different scales and irregular object buildings. Finally, experimental results on LEVIR-CD and CDD datasets show that designed SAASNets have better accuracy and robustness.
Knowledge and attitude among Egyptian medical students regarding the role of human papillomavirus vaccine in prevention of oropharyngeal cancer: a questionnaire-based observational study
Abstract Squamous cell carcinomas in several anatomical sites are caused by human papillomaviruses (HPV), and oncogenic double-stranded DNA viruses. There are about 200 genotypes; HPV16 is the most often occurring variant. Potential ways of infection are skin warts, sexual activity, exposure, immunization, or oral sex. The growing incidence of OPSCC in Western countries makes vaccination increasingly vital. The FDA has approved the 9-valent vaccination as an OPSCC prophylactic agent. Still, political will, inadequate financing, and inadequate infrastructure help to explain the slow dissemination of anti-HPV vaccination. This study sought to evaluate Egyptian medical students’ knowledge, awareness, and attitude toward the advantages of HPV vaccination to prevent HPV-associated OPC. The study was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study consisting of 696 participants from the first to fifth-year students enrolled in any Egyptian medical school registered in the academic year 2023–2024, specifically from June to August 2024, except non-medical, graduate, and non-Egyptian students who met the exclusion criteria. We privately gathered answers via colleagues and electronically via online Google forms posted on social media groups. This study concentrated on the poor knowledge of HPV among Egyptian medical students, particularly urban male students with a mean age of 21.72 ± 1.6 enrolled in clinical years mostly in Cairo, Sharqia, and Gharbia governorates. There was a clear fair attitude regarding the HPV vaccination, especially among urban male students with a mean age of 21.64 ± 1.65 enrolled in clinical years mostly in Cairo, Sharqia, and Alex governorates. Notably, only 7.7% of the students enrolled in the study knew the link between HPV and OPC. However, only 28.5% of participants have received the vaccine. The students said that lack of awareness (82.4%) was the most important obstacle to vaccination; followed by cultural attitudes (44.5%), vaccine accessibility (42.7%), and vaccine cost (41.3%). Ultimately, it was found that Egyptian medical students—especially those enrolled in clinical years in the governorates of Cairo, Sharqia, and Gharbia—have a low degree of knowledge of HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer and its vaccination role. Although preclinical students’ knowledge had greatly improved, the limited awareness—especially among clinical students—was concerning.
Continental influx and pervasive matrilocality in Iron Age Britain
Abstract Roman writers found the relative empowerment of Celtic women remarkable1. In southern Britain, the Late Iron Age Durotriges tribe often buried women with substantial grave goods2. Here we analyse 57 ancient genomes from Durotrigian burial sites and find an extended kin group centred around a single maternal lineage, with unrelated (presumably inward migrating) burials being predominantly male. Such a matrilocal pattern is undescribed in European prehistory, but when we compare mitochondrial haplotype variation among European archaeological sites spanning six millennia, British Iron Age cemeteries stand out as having marked reductions in diversity driven by the presence of dominant matrilines. Patterns of haplotype sharing reveal that British Iron Age populations form fine-grained geographical clusters with southern links extending across the channel to the continent. Indeed, whereas most of Britain shows majority genomic continuity from the Early Bronze Age to the Iron Age, this is markedly reduced in a southern coastal core region with persistent cross-channel cultural exchange3. This southern core has evidence of population influx in the Middle Bronze Age but also during the Iron Age. This is asynchronous with the rest of the island and points towards a staged, geographically granular absorption of continental influence, possibly including the acquisition of Celtic languages.
Exploring the textural characteristics of foods preferred by Chinese elderly individuals based on IDDSI levels
Objective This study aimed to investigate the textural characteristics of foods preferred by elderly Chinese individuals and their suitability based on the International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative (IDDSI) framework. The goal was to provide objective data to support the development of safe and nutritious diets tailored to the swallowing abilities of the elderly. Methods A cross-sectional observational study was conducted, using web-scraping technology to identify 26 commonly preferred food ingredients among elderly individuals across seven regions of China. These foods were prepared and evaluated according to IDDSI levels 0–7. Texture analysis was performed to measure hardness, cohesiveness, and adhesiveness, with statistical tests including chi-square analysis and multiple linear regression used to explore the relationships between these textural properties and IDDSI levels. Results As IDDSI levels increased, the hardness of various food categories generally showed an upward trend, with significant increases observed in fruits, vegetables, grains, and tubers at IDDSI levels 6–7 (p≤0.05). Cohesiveness varied without a clear linear trend, showing significant changes at specific IDDSI levels for meats, grains, and tubers (p≤0.05). Adhesiveness initially increased and then decreased across the IDDSI spectrum, with the most significant fluctuations occurring in mixed beans, fruits, and grains at levels 5–7 (p≤0.05). Regression analysis revealed that cohesiveness had the most substantial impact on IDDSI levels (coefficient = -5.224, p≤0.05), followed by adhesiveness (coefficient = -0.021, p≤0.05), and hardness (coefficient = 0.002, p≤0.05). Conclusion The findings underscore the importance of considering the textural properties of foods when designing diets for elderly individuals with dysphagia. The study provides empirical evidence supporting the IDDSI framework and offers a predictive model that can assist in the development of customized diets, ensuring both safety and nutritional adequacy. Future research should focus on refining food preparation methods to better meet the specific needs of this population.
Alzheimer’s disease may develop from changes in the immune system, cell cycle, and protein processing following alterations in ribosome function
Methane emissions from the Nord Stream subsea pipeline leaks
The association of muscle weakness with functional disability in older patients with Diabetes mellitus: Measured by three different grip strength thresholds
The association of muscle weakness with poor outcomes is well defined in general older population, but there is insufficient data on the association of muscle weakness with functionality in older patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). We aimed to investigate the predictivity of muscle weakness defined as low grip strength thresholds determined by EWGSOP2, and two regional thresholds in older patients with DM for functional disability. Activities of Daily Living (ADL), Instrumental ADL (IADL), grip strength, comorbidities, anthropometric and biochemical data from outpatient clinic medical records were screened retrospectively. Low grip strength was determined by EWGSOP2, and two regional thresholds. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, sensitivity and negative predictive values were conducted to identify the discrimination power of three different grip strength thresholds for functional disability in patients with DM. A total of 197 patients with DM and 215 controls were included. In ROC analyses, regional thresholds were with higher sensitivity and negative predictive values for functional disability in both groups. For patients with DM, regional normative thresholds predicted functional disability both for ADLs and IADLs whereas for patients without DM normative thresholds predicted ADL, and calculated thresholds predicted IADL disability. Regional normative thresholds predicted both ADL and IADL functional disability in older patients with DM.
Stable quantum droplets with high-order vorticity in zero-order Bessel lattice
Potential Azo-8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives as multi-target lead candidates for Alzheimer’s disease: An in-depth in silico study of monoamine oxidase and cholinesterase inhibitors
Cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease results from a complex interplay of various pathological processes, including the dysregulation of key enzymes such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B). This study proposes and designs a series of novel molecules derived from 8-hydroxyquinoline (Azo-8HQ) as potential multi-target lead candidates for treating AD. An exhaustive in silico analysis was conducted, encompassing docking studies, ADMET analysis, density functional theory (DFT) studies, molecular dynamics simulations, and subsequent MM-GBSA calculations to examine the pharmacological potential of these molecules with the specific targets of interest. Out of the 63 Azo-8HQ derivatives analysed, two molecules, 14c and 17c, demonstrated strong affinities for AChE, BuChE, and MAO-B, along with favourable pharmacokinetic profiles and electronic properties. Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed the stability of these molecules within the active sites of the targets, and MM-GBSA calculations revealed low binding energies, indicating robust interactions. These findings identify molecules 14c and 17c as promising multi-target candidates for the treatment of AD, based on an in-depth computational study aimed at minimizing drug development costs and time. Future work will include the synthesis of these molecules followed by in-depth in vitro and in vivo testing to validate their potential therapeutic efficacy.
Evaluating 36 years of fishing sustainability in a large reservoir
AutoPVPrimer: A comprehensive AI-Enhanced pipeline for efficient plant virus primer design and assessment
Plant viruses pose a significant threat to global agriculture and require efficient tools for their timely detection. We present AutoPVPrimer, an innovative pipeline that integrates artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning to accelerate the development of plant virus primers. The pipeline uses Biopython to automatically retrieve different genomic sequences from the NCBI database to increase the robustness of the subsequent primer design. The design_primers_with_tuning module uses a random forest classifier that optimizes parameters and provides flexibility for different experimental conditions. Quality control measures, including the evaluation of poly-X content and melting temperature, increase primer reliability. Unique to AutoPVPrimer is the visualize_primer_dimer module, which supports the visual evaluation of primer dimers—a feature missing in other tools. Primer specificity is validated via primer BLAST, which contributes to the overall efficiency of the pipeline. AutoPVPrimer has been successfully applied to the tomato mosaic virus, proving its adaptability and efficiency. The modular design allows customization by the user and extends the applicability to different plant viruses and experimental scenarios. The pipeline represents a significant advance in primer design and provides researchers with an effective tool to accelerate molecular biology experiments. Future developments aim to extend compatibility and incorporate user feedback to consolidate AutoPVPrimer as an innovative contribution to the bioinformatics toolbox and a promising resource for the advancement of plant virology research.