Browse Articles

Outcome of HIV patients on ART during the war and siege in a tertiary hospital in Northern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

Genomic insights into plasmid mediated AMR genes, virulence factors and mobile genetic elements in raw milk Escherichia coli from Gujarat, India

Paternal genetic landscape of contemporary Thai populations in the borderland provinces of Thailand and Myanmar

Preparation, structure and properties of litchi pericarp polysaccharide

Adaptive evolution and early diversification of photonic nanomaterials in marine diatoms

Abstract The discovery of natural slab photonic crystals in diatoms has sparked questions regarding their prevalence and functional role in nature. These advanced nanomaterials open so-called photonic stopbands in two dimensions, enabling precise light manipulation essential in technologies like quantum computing and photonics. However, the natural role of these advanced properties remains a mystery. In this study, we adopted a multidisciplinary approach, combining taxonomic, evolutionary, and photonic property analyses. Using scanning electron micrographs, we examined the girdle elements of the silicon dioxide shell from several hundred diatom species to explore the potential correlation between occurrence of slab photonic crystals and taxonomic relationship. Girdle slab photonic crystals emerged among the oldest diatom classes, with stopband properties covering the visible to mid-infrared spectral range. Square lattice formations emerged first, evolving from quasi-ordered templates, and later diverged into more efficiently packed hexagonal structures. This study shows how photonic nanomaterials developed from quasi order to order over evolutionary trajectories and provides a sustainable inventory of natural slab photonic crystals for application and deeper investigation. Understanding how diatoms utilize these structures can inspire innovative principles for smarter energy management systems as well serve as a model for the evolution of order and symmetry in cellular processes and organization.

Impact of nafcillin and diosmin on the attachment, invasion, and stress survival of Salmonella Typhimurium

A novel MRI PET image fusion using shearlet transform and pulse coded neural network

Author Correction: Infectious intestinal diseases elevate neurodegenerative disease risk based on a nationwide population-based cohort study

Perinatal obesity primes the hepatic metabolic stress response in the offspring across life span

Abstract Perinatal obesity is associated with an increased risk of metabolic diseases and hepatic dysfunction in offspring. However, the underlying mechanisms of this metabolic programming remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to elucidate the influence of maternal obesity and early life exposure to high-fat diet on offspring liver phenotype, hepatokine profile, and key components of hepatic metabolism. To this end, we employed a murine high-fat diet-induced perinatal obesity model, investigating the offspring in early life and late adulthood. After exposure to perinatal obesity, the offspring showed a significantly increased body weight in early life with no histological signs of steatosis, but a dysregulated hepatokine profile. Proteomic profiling, followed by molecular analyses, revealed a decreased lipogenesis and increased fatty acid oxidation, suggesting a protective mechanism against the development of steatosis. These changes were accompanied by increased markers of lipid peroxidation and DNA damage, indicating increased oxidative stress. Concomitantly, the antioxidative enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase 2 were significantly reduced and oxidative phosphorylation was impaired, implying an altered oxidative stress response. While changes in oxidative stress level were only detected in early life, the lipid metabolism was altered across life span. This metabolic programming could determine the resilience and susceptibility to chronic liver disease later in life.

Usefulness of endoscopic ultrasonography for differentiating between non-functional pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm and intrapancreatic accessory spleen

Predicting immunotherapy prognosis and targeted therapy sensitivity of colon cancer based on a CAF-related molecular signature

Discharge distribution in a multi-outlet spillway with varying adverse conditions

Abstract Hydropower and dam structures worldwide are facing evolving requirements due to changes in climate, better methods for flood estimates, combined with the needs of surrounding interests. Improved understanding of the hydraulic behavior of spillways, and the approach flow leading up to them, is important for evaluation of existing spillways and considering potential redesigns. There is limited research on the distribution of flow across a multiple outlet spillway, therefore a purpose built experimental setup is utilized to examine the impact of various geometrical changes on the flow distribution across a spillway with three outlets. The maximum difference measured between the different outlets were as much as 10%. While small changes to abutment and pier corners were found to reduce total discharge capacity up to 8%, with increased discharge and overflow height causing greater reduction in the capacity of the spillway. To further investigate the flow behavior leading up to the spillway outlets, ADV measurements were conducted to capture flow velocities. The measured flow cross sections indicate a stable flow field leading away from the inlet, stagnation zones and recirculation zones leading up to the spillway, with minor variations occurring for increasing inlet flow rates.

Sleep irregularity is associated with night-time technology, dysfunctional sleep beliefs and subjective sleep parameters amongst female university students

Mediating role of fall fear and exercise self-efficacy in the nexus between low back pain knowledge and kinesiophobia in pregnancy-related low back pain pregnant women

Integrative study of Anchusa italica Retz flower’s microstructure and chemical composition

Impact of isolated lumbar extension strength training on reducing nonspecific low back pain, disability, and improving function: a systematic review and meta-analysis

A comprehensive investigation of the relationship between propulsion speed and water influx in coal mine TBM inclined shaft projects

TriSpectraKAN: a novel approach for COPD detection via lung sound analysis

Abstract This study aims to create an automated, accessible, and cost-effective diagnostic tool for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Traditional diagnostic methods are expensive, time-consuming, and require specialized equipment. The proposed TriSpectraKAN model leverages audio-based lung sound features to improve early diagnosis. TriSpectraKAN is a hybrid model combining spectral features and the Kolmogorov–Arnold Network (KAN) to analyze lung sounds using Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs), chromagram, and Mel spectrograms. Each sub-model focuses on a different audio feature, capturing unique sonic signatures. These features are merged through a hybrid network for comprehensive analysis. The model, trained on a COPD dataset, was deployed on a Raspberry Pi for real-time use. TriSpectraKAN achieved 93% accuracy, an F1 score of 0.98, precision of 0.97, and recall of 0.98. This multimodal approach captured a broad range of lung sound features, improving diagnosis accuracy compared to traditional methods. The integration of multiple audio features in TriSpectraKAN enhances COPD diagnosis, demonstrating the potential of AI and machine learning to transform respiratory disease diagnosis through accessible tools.

NlpD as a crucial factor in desiccation resistance and biofilm formation in Cronobacter sakazakii

Unexpectedly high rate of unrecognized acute kidney injury and its trend over the past 14 years

Abstract Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent yet often overlooked complication. This study examines the incidence, unrecognized rate, and outcomes of AKI in adults at a large public Chinese hospital from 2010 to 2023. AKI rates were calculated, and outcomes were assessed using follow-up records. Multivariate logistic regression identified risk factors for unrecognized AKI. Among 2,790,540 patients, 5,080 met the AKI criteria, with an overall incidence of 0.18% (0.78% in hospitalizations, 0.05% in outpatients). The unrecognized AKI was 76.3%. In this group, 75% were stage 1, 16.7% stage 2, and 8.3% stage 3. Orthopedics had the highest unrecognized rate (94.5%) and ICUs the lowest (55.77%). Unrecognition of AKI improved from 90.3% in 2010–2011 to 70.2% in 2022–2023. AKI stage progression was linked to poorer survival. Patients with recognized AKI recovered faster than those with unrecognized AKI (8.0 vs. 9.0 days, p < 0.001). The mean follow-up time was 15.8 days, with similar rates at 28 and 90 days post-AKI for both groups. Risk factors for unrecognized AKI included lower AKI stage, baseline creatinine, absence of shock/heart disease/hypertension, and non-nephrology/surgery admissions. Non-nephrology physicians’ unfamiliarity with AKI guidelines may contribute to low awareness. Improved early detection and monitoring in high-risk groups are needed.