Browse Articles

Regenerative effect of lyophilized dental follicle mesenchymal stem cells and platelet-rich fibrin in skin wounds in geriatric and young rats

Global and local feature communications with transformers for 3D human pose estimation

Isolation and characterization of new lytic bacteriophage PSA-KC1 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from cystic fibrosis patients

Cardiac parasympathetic denervation reduces hypoxic tachycardia, baroreflex sensitivity and heart rate variability in humans

Atrial fibrillation risk model based on LASSO and SVM algorithms and immune infiltration of key mitochondrial energy metabolism genes

Association between lipid ratios and sarcopenia and the mediating roles of inflammatory biomarkers in a cross-sectional study from NHANES 2011–2018

Chromium oxide nanoparticles as a modifier of carbon paste electrode for cyclic voltametric assessment of paracetamol in medicinal sample

In vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activities of biogenic synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles using leaf extract of Mallotus philippinensis Mull. Arg

An accurate and fast learning approach in the biologically spiking neural network

Novel model for medium to long term photovoltaic power prediction using interactive feature trend transformer

Integrated in vitro, in silico, and in vivo approaches to elucidate the antidiabetic mechanisms of Cicer arietinum and Hordeum vulgare extract and secondary metabolites

G-protein coupled receptor kinase-2 regulates the migration of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells to sphingosine-1 phosphate in vitro and their trafficking in vivo

Computational analysis of a mathematical model of hookworm infection

Robust power management capabilities of integrated energy systems in the smart distribution network including linear and non-linear loads

Diagnostic value of the pregnancy index for acute appendicitis in pregnant women

Air trapping in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a retrospective case—control study

Sex and pressure effects of foam rolling on acute range of motion in the hamstring muscles

This study investigated the effects of pressure levels and sex on acute range of motion (ROM) changes during foam rolling (FR) using a soccer ball. Twenty collegiate athletes (10 males, 10 females) performed FR on their hamstrings at low (15–25% body weight) or high (45–55%) pressure levels for 2 minutes. ROM was assessed through passive straight leg raise (PSLR) and passive knee extension (PKE) tests before, immediately after, and 10 minutes post-intervention. Results showed that FR significantly improved hip and knee ROM across all conditions, with benefits persisting for at least 10 minutes. No notable differences were observed between pressure levels, and sex did not affect the magnitude of improvement. Perceived pain during FR did not significantly influence ROM outcomes. These findings demonstrate that FR using a simple tool like a soccer ball is beneficial for improving ROM in both males and females, regardless of pressure intensity. This suggests that FR provides a practical, accessible method for improving ROM in athletes and other populations.

Super-resolution mapping of anisotropic tissue structure with diffusion MRI and deep learning

Abstract Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (diffusion MRI) is widely employed to probe the diffusive motion of water molecules within the tissue. Numerous diseases and processes affecting the central nervous system can be detected and monitored via diffusion MRI thanks to its sensitivity to microstructural alterations in tissue. The latter has prompted interest in quantitative mapping of the microstructural parameters, such as the fiber orientation distribution function (fODF), which is instrumental for noninvasively mapping the underlying axonal fiber tracts in white matter through a procedure known as tractography. However, such applications demand repeated acquisitions of MRI volumes with varied experimental parameters demanding long acquisition times and/or limited spatial resolution. In this work, we present a deep-learning-based approach for increasing the spatial resolution of diffusion MRI data in the form of fODFs obtained through constrained spherical deconvolution. The proposed approach is evaluated on high quality data from the Human Connectome Project, and is shown to generate upsampled results with a greater correspondence to ground truth high-resolution data than can be achieved with ordinary spline interpolation methods. Furthermore, we employ a measure based on the earth mover’s distance to assess the accuracy of the upsampled fODFs. At low signal-to-noise ratios, our super-resolution method provides more accurate estimates of the fODF compared to data collected with 8 times smaller voxel volume.

The link between impact-induced tensile strain and dendritic spine morphology in porcine brain tissue

Brain tissue as a material presents unique properties with a multitude of cell types and densities, varying degrees of axonal fiber diameters and blood vessels. These neural components are contained within a very viscous environment that upon impact, can result in a variety of tensile, compressive and rotational forces. The depths of the sulcus appear to be particularly vulnerable to biomechanical forces following an impact. The movement and subsequent forces loaded on to the brain have been shown to produce a variety of biomechanical responses that impair neurophysiological functioning at the cellular level. We recently reported a decrease in microtubule associated protein 2 (MAP2) within the depths of the porcine sulcus in an ex vivo model, along with elevated tensile strain in this region within 1 hour after impact. In the current work, using the same impact model, we explored whether changes in spine morphology and density occurred within the same timeframe following impact. The Golgi-Cox method was used to visualize dendritic spine morphology. Cortical pyramidal neurons within the depths and the arms of the sulcus were reconstructed. One hour after impact, there was a change in the distribution of spine type resulting in an increased proportion of mushroom-type spines compared to nonimpacted tissue. The increased proportion of mushroom-type spines was proportional to tensile strain measurements in the apical dendrites. These results demonstrate the sensitivity of dendritic spine morphology to tensile strain within the porcine cortex and suggest a state of hyperexcitability during the hyperacute phase following an impact.

Physiological impact of surgical masks and N95 masks on obese operating room staff