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Research on order batching optimization based on improved NSGA-II algorithm
In the context of e-commerce, the order batching optimization problem in e-commerce warehousing centers has been addressed by establishing a model aimed at minimizing the order picking time, order delay costs, and picking costs, as well as achieving workload balance. An improved NSGA-II algorithm has been designed, which enhances the search capability and solution diversity by introducing new selection mechanisms and crossover mutation strategies. This approach more effectively balances multiple optimization objectives and validates the effectiveness of the model and algorithm with case studies, while also conducting sensitivity analysis on model parameters. The research results indicate that the established model and the designed algorithm are effective, providing a theoretical basis and practical significance for the optimization of order picking efficiency in e-commerce distribution centers.
Effects of gestational weight gain on adverse pregnancy outcomes among pregnant women in gurage zone, central Ethiopia: a cohort study
Exploring language use in apology strategies of tourists visiting Saudi Arabia
This research explores the apology strategies employed by international tourists visiting Saudi Arabia, particularly in the context of the Kingdom’s rapid tourism expansion under Vision 2030. With the introduction of new tourism policies, the country has opened itself to a wide range of international visitors, increasing the likelihood of cultural missteps. The study investigates how tourists navigate Saudi Arabia’s conservative social norms, focusing on factors such as language use, cultural awareness, and the perceived severity of offenses. Data were collected through qualitative focus group interviews with international tourists, analyzing how apology strategies are influenced by social dynamics, gender norms, and power structures. The findings suggest that tourists who demonstrate cultural sensitivity, particularly by using Arabic, are more likely to have their apologies accepted. The study highlights the importance of cross-cultural competence in managing tourist-local interactions and provides insights for tourism operators and policymakers on improving the tourist experience in Saudi Arabia. The research contributes to a deeper understanding of cross-cultural communication in the context of a rapidly growing tourism industry.
Objectively measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity does not attenuate prospective weight gain among african-origin adults spanning the epidemiological transition
Comparative analysis of acute and chronic painful temporomandibular disorders: Insights into pain, behavioral, and psychosocial features
Objective The scarcity of literature necessitates further research to differentiate between acute and chronic painful temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). This study compared pain characteristics, oral behaviors, jaw function, and psychosocial distress between TMD patients with acute and chronic pain, examined correlations among variables, and identified factors associated with chronic pain-related TMDs (PT). Methods Anonymized data were gathered from consecutive patients seeking TMD treatment at a university-based oral medicine clinic. Axis I diagnoses were made using the Diagnostic Criteria for TMDs, and patients with PT were categorized into acute (AP) and chronic pain (CP) groups. Axis II assessments were performed, evaluating pain characteristics, oral behaviors, jaw functional limitation, somatic symptoms, depression, and anxiety. Statistical analysis utilized chi-square/non-parametric tests and logistic regression (α = 0.05). Results Among the 488 PT patients, 34.6% experienced AP and 65.4% had CP. Significant differences were observed in pain intensity, interference, disability, jaw overuse behavior, functional limitation, somatic symptom burden, depression, and anxiety. (CP> AP). Moderate-to-strong correlations were found in both the AP (rs = 0.43–0.83) and CP (rs = 0.46–0.87) groups, although the specific relationships between pain, behavioral, and psychosocial factors differed somewhat. The multivariate regression model revealed that only pain intensity (OR = 1.01) and oral behaviors (OR = 1.06) significantly increased the odds of chronic PT. Conclusion Chronic pain was more prevalent in PT patients and associated with greater severity in pain, behavioral, and psychosocial variables. Pain intensity and oral behaviors were linked to an increased likelihood of chronic pain.
Association between oxidative balance score and thyroid function and all-cause mortality in euthyroid adults
Abstract Abnormal fluctuations in thyroid function within the reference range were strongly associated with increased all-cause mortality. This study aimed to analyze the association between oxidative balance score (OBS) and free thyroxine (FT4) and thyrotropin (TSH) in euthyroid adults, as well as their interrelationships with mortality. 5727 euthyroid adults were selected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Weighted linear regression investigated the potential association of OBS with FT4 and TSH. In addition, COX proportional hazard models and restricted cubic spline (RCS) were used to investigate the association between OBS, FT4, TSH, and all-cause mortality. The results showed that OBS was negatively associated with serum FT4 concentrations in euthyroid adults (− 2.95%, 95% CI − 5.16%, − 0.92%). Additionally, the all-cause mortality rate was significantly higher in the fourth quartile (Q4) of FT4 compared to the first quartile (Q1) (HR 1.40, 95% CI 1.07–1.85). In the fourth quartile of OBS, the all-cause mortality rate was 31% lower than in Q1 (HR 0.69, 95% CI 0.52–0.92). Mediation analyses indicated that FT4 partially mediated the relationship between OBS and all-cause mortality. These results suggest a significant negative association between OBS and serum FT4, while both OBS and FT4 are strongly associated with mortality. However, the effect of OBS on serum FT4 is relatively limited, and therefore its clinical significance needs to be interpreted objectively.
Assessing regional competitiveness in Peru: An approach using nonlinear machine learning models
This study addresses the challenges of measuring regional competitiveness using traditional methods, due to the inherent complexity and non-linearity of its determinants’. The development of new Machine Learning (ML) models allows the creation of predictive models capable of handling this type of data, providing actionable insights. The objective of the study was to develop and test the use of non-linear Machine Learning models to measure the regional competitiveness in Peru, at the sub-national level. The research uses the ODD (Overview, Design Concepts, and Details) protocol to ensure a transparent and replicable methodology. The impact of ML on the Peruvian Regional Competitiveness Index (IRCI) is examined across 25 regions from 2016 to 2023, focusing on five key pillars: economy, government, infrastructure, businesses, and people. A suitability index (IoI) was developed to assess how well the pillar components align with ML. Data provided by CENTRUM PUCP was subjected to exploratory data analysis (EDA) to address variability among pillar scores and their effects on competitiveness. Six nonlinear machine learning models (Gradient Boosting, Random Forest, XGBoost, AdaBoost, Neural Networks, and Decision Trees) were applied, and the machine learning models with the highest predictive accuracy were Gradient Boosting and Random Forest. Performance metrics include MSE values of 1.1399 and 1.3469, RMSE values of 1.0677 and 1.1606, and R2 values of 0.9768 and 0.9729, respectively. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of machine learning in analyzing the complexity of regional competitiveness data, identifying influential variables, and reducing score distortions. The findings provide a data-driven framework for policymakers to improve regional competitiveness, which promotes academic knowledge and practical applications for sustainable development.
Comparison of cryogenic and non-cryogenic droplet impact dynamics at low Weber numbers
Abstract Cryogenic fluids are crucial in applications such as rockets, cryosurgery and energy storage, where they can come in contact with surfaces. Thus, their impact dynamics are of interest. Experiments under cryogenic conditions are very expensive and not always accurate, mainly due to limitations of equipment operating in very low temperatures. Although simulation tools can provide useful insights, currently very few commercial and open-source software tailored for ultra low temperature conditions exist. In this work we present a novel numerical framework used to provide insight into the impact dynamics of cryogenic droplets with solid surfaces. Our aim is to explore whatever conclusions for droplet spreading dynamics from the current literature for droplets at non-cryogenic conditions can be applied to cryogenic droplets as well. We explore different impacting conditions, varying the initial impact velocity, of cryogenic and non-cryogenic cases, while maintaining the same Weber, Ohnesorge and Reynolds numbers between cryogenic and non-cryogenic cases. The impact on a solid surface is investigated first for a water droplet and then for a liquid oxygen droplet moving into gaseous nitrogen. For the latter, the ambient temperature and pressure are below the oxygen critical point, limiting the investigation at a sub-critical regime. The algebraic volume of fluid method with adaptive mesh refinement is employed. Numerical treatments to improve the interface description are also implemented. The simulations have been performed in OpenFOAM with a newly developed code. The results obtained are analysed both qualitatively and quantitatively, comparing the droplet morphology evolution for the two fluids. Differences are observed mainly in the receding stage, once the droplet has reached the maximum spreading, with the receding stage of the cryogenic case characterised by a faster dynamic.
Adaptation and validation of a Rwanda-focused version of the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT)
In Rwanda, alcohol use disorder (AUD) is estimated to affect 7% of the population. The Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) is an excellent screening instrument for AUD, but a Rwanda-focused version previously was unavailable. Our objective was to develop a Rwanda- focused AUDIT and evaluate its psychometric properties. The English AUDIT was adapted to the Rwandan language through translation and back- translation by a panel of native English and Kinyarwanda speakers. Random sampling was used to recruit participants from the emergency department, outpatient clinics, and inpatient wards at a tertiary care center in Rwanda, excluding those < 18 years old, declining to participate, unable to provide consent, or when participation would interfere with care. Participants completed the Rwanda-focused AUDIT using an audio computer-assisted self-interviewing format. Internal structure was assessed using one-, two- and three-dimensional models of fit and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), assessed by Chi-square (χ2), Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA), Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) and comparative fit index (CFI). Of 775 patients assessed for enrollment, 7% were unable to provide consent, 12% declined to participate, 2% could not participate because it would disrupt their medical care, and 1.3% dropped out, leaving 614 included for analysis. Of the 614, the majority were male (61%), married (53%) and had only primary education (65%). Their ages were: 33% 18-30, 43% 31-50, and 25% > 50 years-old. Factor loading for the AUDIT CFA model was between 0.62 and 0.96 for all items. Model fit indices included χ2 of < 0.001, RMSA of 0.061 (0.049 - 0.073), TLI of 0.994, and CFI of 0.995. Reliability statistics included Cronbach’s alpha at 0.91 (0.90 – 0.92), Omega 6 at 0.948 and composite reliability at 0.977. The Rwanda-focused AUDIT showed excellent performance for measures of internal structure with high factor loading on CFA and model fit indices meeting traditional parameters of RMSEA < 0.08, TLI > 0.90, and CFI > 0.95. In this context, χ2 should ideally be > 0.05, however a relatively large sample, such as ours, tends to depress the number. All reliability statistics were above 0.90, indicating strong internal consistency. These findings support the reliability of this screening instrument. Further research should focus on the development of brief interventions for those who screen positive.
Spatiotemporal variation of snowpack depths in Northeast China and its mechanisms from 2025 to 2099 based on CMIP6 models
Prestimulus functional connectivity reflects attention orientation in a prospective memory task: A magnetoencephalographic (MEG) study
Prospective Memory (PM) is the ability to encode an intention in memory and retrieve it at the right time in the future. After the intention is formed, it must be maintained in memory while simultaneously monitoring the environment until the occurrence of the stimulus associated with its retrieval. Therefore, monitoring and maintenance processes must work in conjunction to subserve PM processing (monitoring/maintenance phase). Several brain regions play a role in PM, such as the anterior prefrontal cortex, inferior parietal lobules, and precuneus. Notably, these regions belong to different brain networks and are differently involved depending on the memory and attentional requests of the PM task. In this study, we investigate the neural bases of PM from a network perspective, using functional connectivity (FC) analysis to identify the networks involved in the attentional and memory mechanisms underlying PM. To this end, we analyzed MEG data collected in two different PM conditions, enhancing either the monitoring (i.e., attention) or the maintenance (i.e., memory) loads of the PM task. To disentangle the neural correlates of these mechanisms from other processes occurring after stimulus presentation, the analysis focused on the prestimulus time window (monitoring/maintenance phase). The monitoring-load condition was characterized by increased inter-network FC of the Dorsal Attention Network (DAN) in the alpha band, a marker of increased top-down monitoring. In contrast, the maintenance-load condition was associated with increased connectivity of the Ventral Attention Network (VAN) with the FrontoParietal Control and the Default-Mode Networks (FPCN and DMN, respectively). Additionally, response times were found to correlate with prestimulus alpha connectivity of different networks in the two conditions. These differences in connectivity within and between networks support the hypothesis that different networks (DAN, or VAN and DMN) and mechanisms (top-down or bottom-up, respectively) are involved in PM processing depending on the features of the PM task.
Unsupervised translation of vascular masks to NIR-II fluorescence images using Attention-Guided generative adversarial networks
Historical precipitation and flood damage in Japan: functional data analysis and evaluation of models
The future increase of large-scale weather disasters resulting from the increased frequency of extreme weather events caused by climate change is a matter of concern. Predicting future flood damage through statistical analysis requires accurate modeling of the relationship between historical precipitation and flood damage. An analysis that considers precipitation as a time series may be appropriate for this purpose. Functional data analysis was applied to model the relationship between historical daily precipitation and daily flood damage for river basins in the Kanto and Koshin regions of Japan. Flood damage statistics from the national government and 1-km grid past precipitation data from the National Agriculture and Food Research Organization were used. The models obtained through the functional data analysis were more accurate than those derived from the simple linear regression without considering the time series of precipitation. The new models were also about four times more accurate in estimating the annual sum of flood damage, compared to the flood damage of each flood event. The accuracy of prediction was higher in recent years than in earlier years of the study period (1993–2020). The results showed that the influence of precipitation on flood damage was more apparent in recent years. This findings may imply that the progress of the river development project and the resulting improvement of the structures along the river have indirectly affected levels of flood damage associated with levels of precipitation.
Tuning TCR complex recruitment to the T cell antigen coupler (TAC) enhances TAC-T cell function
Association of myopia and parapapillary choroidal microvascular density in primary open-angle glaucoma
Background/Aims To compare parapapillary choroidal microvascular (PPCMv) densities between myopic eyes with and without glaucoma. Methods In this retrospective study, OCTA images (4.5 × 4.5 mm) were obtained using a commercial spectral-domain OCTA system. PPCMv density was calculated in inner and outer annuli using customized software. Marginal model of generalized estimating equations was established to adjust for confounding factors and intraclass correlations. Results This study included 35 myopic eyes with glaucoma (MG), 96 non-myopic eyes with glaucoma (NMG) matched for visual field mean deviation, 37 myopic eyes without glaucoma (MNG), and 73 control eyes from three tertiary centers. The participant ages were (mean [standard deviation, SD]) 57.43 [11.49], 60.40 [10.07], 52.84 [9.35], and 54.74 [12.07] years. Inner and outer annular PPCMv densities (mean [SD]) decreased in the following order: control (0.15 [0.04] and 0.12 [0.04]), MNG (0.14 [0.08] and 0.12 [0.08]), NMG (0.09 [0.05] and 0.07 [0.04]), and MG (0.09 [0.04] and 0.07 [0.03]). The mean differences in PPCMv density between glaucoma groups (NMG and MG) and the control group (mean difference [95% confidence interval]) were −0.06 (−0.08 to −0.04, P < 0.001 for inner whole annular PPCMv density in NMG vs control) and −0.07 (−0.10 to −0.04, P < 0.001 for inner whole annular PPCMv density in MG vs control), consistent across all regions of interest (ROIs). No significant interaction was observed between glaucoma and myopia after adjustment for potential confounders (P > 0.112). Conclusions Parapapillary choroidal microvascular density attenuation tends to be greater in eyes with glaucoma than in eyes with myopia.
Neonatal and maternal dietary interventions driving microbiota and functionality in piglet gut compartments
Effects of electroporation on Acanthamoeba Polyphaga
Background Species of the genus Acanthamoeba spp. are ubiquitous and can cause Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK), a serious corneal infection. Due to the toxicity and ineffectiveness of currently available prolonged therapies, we investigated electroceutical treatment aimed at facilitating the permeation of molecules through the membrane of cysts and trophozoites, which allows for faster elimination of the parasite. Methods Cysts and trophozoites of Acanthamoeba polyphaga (ATCC® 30461TM) were exposed in vitro to an electric field with intensities of 2,000 volts and 2,500 volts. Viability after electroporation was assessed by the exclusion method with 0.4% trypan blue dye, while permeabilization was assessed by fluorescence microscopy using propidium iodide (PI), since both are impermeable to the membrane of viable and intact cells. The images were acquired on a Nikon Eclipse TI-U microscope and analyzed using ImageJ software. Results With regard to viability, 40% of the trophozoites electroporated at 2,000 V and 42% of those electroporated at 2,500 V were lost, while for cysts the loss was 13% and 16% respectively. Considering permeabilization, 55% of trophozoites and cysts were permeabilized at 2,000 V (p ≤ 0.05); and 59% at 2,500 V for both (p ≤ 0.05). Values of p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Conclusion The voltages tested were effective for both cysts and trophozoites, since the percentages of permeabilization were close, with no statistical significance between them, only with the control groups. These results suggest the possibility that an electroceutical treatment could be applied as a complement to the standard treatment for AK.
Exploring the nexus between hypothyroidism and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a UK biobank cohort study
Prevalence and determinants of effective breastfeeding technique among early postpartum mothers in Fuzhou, China: A cross-sectional study
Background Breastfeeding technique (BFT) is determined by the mother’s and infant’s positioning, the infant’s attachment to the breast, and the infant’s suckling behavior. Understanding breastfeeding mothers’ skills is crucial for clinical practice and for designing interventions to improve breastfeeding practices. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and determinants of effective BFT among early post-partum mothers. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study among 415 early post-partum mothers in Fuzhou, China. Participants were recruited using a systematic random sampling technique. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire and a standardized observational checklist (WHO B-R-E-A-S-T Feed observation form). Descriptive statistics were used to assess the prevalence of effective BFT, and logistic regression was applied to identify its determinants. Results The overall prevalence of effective BFT was 70.4%. After adjusting for potential confounders, the prevalence ratio (PR) of effective BFT was greater among participants with college (PR = 1.20) and postgraduate education (PR = 1.41) compared to those with a technical education or lower. Participants who attended antenatal care (ANC) (PR = 1.04) and those with BFT knowledge (PR = 1.37) were more likely to practice effective BFT compared to participants who did not attend ANC and without such knowledge respectively. Similarly, those who received BFT counseling during pregnancy or immediately after delivery were 25% and 30%, respectively, more likely to practice effective EBT than those who did not. Conversely, experiencing breast problems was associated with a 42% lower likelihood of practicing effective BFT than those without breast problems. Conclusion Effective BFT is prevalent among early postpartum mothers in Fuzhou, China, with education level, antenatal care attendance, knowledge, and counseling playing significant roles in its practice. Efforts to improve breastfeeding outcomes should focus on enhancing educational interventions and providing targeted counseling during pregnancy and the immediate postpartum period, while addressing breast health issues to mitigate their impact on breastfeeding effectiveness.