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Prime assembly with linear DNA donors enables large genomic insertions
Flexible infrared camouflage eutectic gallium-indium for thermoelectric energy harvesting
Less is more in primary cutaneous indolent B-cell lymphoma
Associations of genetic and non-genetic cardiovascular health metrics with coronary artery disease incidence in cancer survivors
SAMJ: fast image annotation on ImageJ/Fiji via segment anything model
Abstract Accurate image annotation is essential for training artificial intelligence (AI) systems in biomedical image analysis, enabling tasks such as cell detection, tissue quantification, and disease characterization. However, creating pixel-level annotations is a time-consuming and labor-intensive process that requires expert input, limiting the development and adoption of AI methods. Recent advances in foundation models, such as the Segment Anything Model (SAM), enable interactive object segmentation from simple user prompts, but their integration into widely used bioimage analysis platforms remains limited and often requires technical expertise. Here we show that SAMJ, a user-friendly plugin for ImageJ/Fiji, enables fast, interactive, and accurate image annotation on standard computers without requiring programming skills or specialized hardware. SAMJ integrates efficient SAM variants into a familiar graphical interface, allowing users to delineate objects in large scientific images in real time using simple clicks or bounding boxes. This approach significantly reduces annotation effort, accelerates dataset creation, and broadens access to advanced AI-assisted annotation tools for the biomedical research community.
Diefenbach CS, Jegede O, Wang V, et al. A randomized phase 2 study of ipilimumab, nivolumab, and brentuximab vedotin in patients with relapsed Hodgkin lymphoma. <i>Blood</i> . 2026;147(18):2041-2052.
Fabrication and characterization of magnetic trimetallic mesoporous nanocomposite: as an effective nanocatalyst for synthesis of bisphenol derivatives
Precise genome editing of human embryos triggers praise and alarm
A universal deep learning framework for empowering nanopore identification by reinforcing temporal signals
Retinoic acid-driven expansion of CD16hiCD177+ neutrophils mediates steroid-resistant GI-GVHD
Steroid-resistant gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease (SR-GI-GVHD) is a lethal complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with no clear therapeutic target. The role of neutrophil heterogeneity in its pathogenesis remains poorly defined. Through single-cell RNA sequencing of patient blood, we identified a specific neutrophil subset (CD16hiCD177⁺) that is markedly expanded in SR-GI-GVHD. This subset utilizes CD177 to bind endothelial CD31, facilitating transmigration into the intestine. Upon arrival, MyD88-mediated sensing of translocated gut bacteria triggers the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), directly causing epithelial damage. Mechanistically, we discovered that elevated levels of retinoic acid (RA) in patients drive the expansion and pathogenic programming of these neutrophils via the RARA-SPI1 transcriptional axis. In a murine model of GVHD, genetic deletion of Cd177 or Myd88 in donor cells attenuated disease. Crucially, pharmacological inhibition of the RA receptor with AGN193109 not only ameliorated GI-GVHD and improved survival but also restored sensitivity to corticosteroids. Together, these findings delineate a complete pathogenic circuit-from the metabolic driver retinoic acid and the RARA-SPI1 transcriptional axis to the CD177⁺ neutrophil cellular effector and its NETosis-mediated tissue damage. This establishes the RA-driven CD177⁺ neutrophil subset as a key mediator of SR-GI-GVHD and identifies RARA inhibition as a promising therapeutic strategy.
Deep learning-based RUL and SOH prediction of lithium-ion batteries using LOCO
Deep learning–guided engineering of SpuFz1 and rational miniaturization of ωRNA enables efficient genome editing
Aberrant splicing of MBD1 reshapes the epigenome to drive convergent myeloerythroid defects in MDS
Myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS) feature hematopoietic deficits driven in part by transcript splicing abnormalities. Thus far, such disease-driving transcripts have been identified in association with specific splicing factor mutations. However, conserved aberrant splicing-derived transcripts that drive MDS independently of mutational status remain poorly studied despite representing global therapeutic targets. Here, we characterize an MDS-associated MBD1 isoform (MBD1-L) as a novel member of this class of transcripts. Rather than originating from a mutant splicing factor, the abnormal production of MBD1-L is driven by reduced WTAP expression in MDS. Overexpression of MBD1-L in healthy human HSPCs recapitulates archetypal MDS defects, including reduced terminal GLYA+ erythroid differentiation, suppressed cell cycling and impaired in vivo reconstitution capacity during increased hematopoietic demand in xenotransplantation assays. An integrated multiomics approach assessing DNA binding of MBD1 isoforms, and resulting changes in chromatin accessibility, histone mark deposition and transcriptional changes, revealed that these defects arise from an isoform-specific switching of MBD1's binding behavior. The MBD1-L isoform refocuses MBD1-L's heterochromatin-promoting activity from methylated to unmethylated CpGs and thus enacting broad downregulation of CpG-rich promoters as well as secondary epigenetic effects mediated by its downstream target BCOR. Remarkably, we also find that directly reversing abnormal MBD1 splicing across a broad range of primary human MDS samples using nanoparticle-encapsulated ASOs enhances in vitro erythroid differentiation, supporting the utility of RNA therapies for MDS treatment. Thus, our findings demonstrate MBD1-L to be a global, disease-driving splice variant across MDS, and illustrate the potential for RNA-based therapies in the broad treatment of MDS.
Domain-specific contexts promote model-based decision making for basketball players
Abstract Decision-making is a critical component of basketball performance. Within the framework of Reinforcement Learning (RL), understanding the environment and task structure can facilitate model-based (MB) behavior. This study tested whether domain-specific contexts promote MB decision strategies by using the two-stage task in a 2 (Group: basketball players vs. novices) × 2 (Condition: abstract symbols vs. basketball tactical diagrams) mixed design. Thirty-five national basketball players and twenty-seven novices completed both conditions. A hierarchical one-trial-back logistic regression estimated intercept, reward, transition, and reward × transition coefficients; two-factor repeated-measures ANOVAs assessed coefficients, reaction times, and subjective evaluations. Compared to novices, basketball players exhibited a more MB decision-making strategy across all condition, accompanied by higher subjective understanding. Novices exhibited higher reward coefficients indicated a more model-free (MF) tendency. For basketball players, MB strategies were associated with longer RTs, yet longer RTs in novices did not necessarily indicate MB strategies use. These findings show that expertise facilitates the integration of outcome feedback with the task’s structure, thereby leading to MB decision-making. Incorporating sport-specific displays into training may enhance decision-making performance without relying on explicit structural instruction.
The Bacillus subtilis circadian clock coordinates intricate spatiotemporal organisation
Radiotherapy for indolent primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma: an international multicenter ILROG analysis
Abstract Radiotherapy is an established treatment for low-grade primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma. Recommendations on its use differ internationally, which prompted our group to conduct this analysis. Twenty-two institutions participated in this international study. Patient eligibility required a diagnosis of limited (T1/T2) primary cutaneous marginal zone or follicle center lymphoma treated with radiotherapy between 1995 and 2023. Data were collected retrospectively until February 2024 within the framework of the International Lymphoma Radiation Oncology Group. Overall, 535 patients were analyzed. Predominant locations were the head (40%) and trunk (36%). Radiotherapy had a median dose of 24 Gy in fractions of 2 Gy. Complete responses were observed in 91% at a median time of 3.6 months following radiotherapy. There was no statistically significant difference between treatments ≤4 Gy and &gt;4 Gy for complete or overall response rates (P = .077 and P = .056, respectively). However, there was an inferior duration of local control with ≤4 Gy (5-year local control 73% ± 12% vs 96% ± 2%; P&lt; .001). Radiation dose was the main prognostic factor in the univariate and multivariable Cox analysis; however, higher doses did not translate into an overall survival benefit. Toxicities rarely exceeded grade 2 but were more frequent in the &gt;4 Gy group. Radiotherapy remains an effective treatment option for indolent skin lymphoma with low toxicity. High response rates are observed with low doses of ≤4 Gy. In comparison to conventional doses, these treatments have a shorter duration of local control but a favorable toxicity profile.
Motion perception and biological motion processing in adults born with extremely low birth weight
Abstract Individuals born with extremely low birth weight (ELBW, ≤ 1000 g) are at increased risk for long-term visual perceptual difficulties. Biological motion processing enables processing of animate and socially relevant movement. Studies of children born very preterm have found deficits in biological motion processing, but this has not previously been studied in adults born with ELBW. We compared biological and scrambled motion processing between ELBW and full-term controls and related motion processing with early neurodevelopmental level. Thirty-eight adults born ELBW and 29 controls from a regional longitudinal cohort completed eye-tracking tasks assessing biological and scrambled motion detection and biological motion interpretation accuracy. Stimuli were presented with varying levels of visual noise to manipulate task difficulty. The ELBW group showed slower biological motion and scrambled motion detection overall. Lower biological motion interpretation accuracy was observed in the ELBW group in the low noise condition, although no significant group × noise interaction was found. Exploratory unadjusted analyses suggested that poorer early neurodevelopmental outcome in toddlerhood may be associated with poorer biological motion processing in adulthood, although these associations did not remain significant after for multiple-comparisons adjustment. These findings suggest that adults born ELBW show less efficient motion perception than controls in adulthood.