Browse Articles

Global prioritization schemes vary in their impact on the placement of protected areas

In response to global declines in biodiversity, many global conservation prioritization schemes were developed to guide effective protected area establishment. Protected area coverage has grown dramatically since the introduction of several high-profile biodiversity prioritization schemes, but the impact of such schemes on protected area establishment has not been evaluated. We used matching methods and a Before-After Control-Impact causal analysis to evaluate the impact of two key prioritization schemes—Biodiversity Hotspots and Last of the Wild—representing examples of the reactive and proactive ends of the prioritization spectrum. We found that Last of the Wild had a positive impact on the rate of protection in its identified priority areas, but Biodiversity Hotspots did not. Because Biodiversity Hotspots are in or near human-dominated landscapes, this scheme may have been unable to overcome biases towards protecting areas with little human pressure. In contrast, Last of the Wild aligned with the tendency to protect areas far from high human use and thus with lower implementation costs, and so received greater uptake. Stronger links between large-scale prioritizations and more locally driven implementation of area-based conservation, as well as other forms of conservation action, are needed to overcome practical constraints and effectively protect biodiversity on an increasingly human-dominated planet.

Recovery of carbon fiber from carbon fiber reinforced plastics using alkali molten hydroxide

Multi-omic biomarker panel in pancreatic cyst fluid and serum predicts patients at a high risk of pancreatic cancer development

Transaxillary vs. Transsubclavian Gasless endoscopic thyroidectomy approaches for papillary thyroid cancer

A pulsar-like polarization angle swing from a nearby fast radio burst

A stable and biocompatible shortwave infrared nanoribbon for dual-channel in vivo imaging

Monogamy relations for relativistically causal correlations

AbstractNon-signalling conditions encode minimal requirements that any (quantum) systems must satisfy in order to be consistent with special relativity. Recent works have argued that in scenarios involving more than two parties, correlations compatible with relativistic causality do not have to satisfy all possible non-signalling conditions but only a subset of them. Here we show that correlations satisfying only this subset of constraints have to satisfy highly non-local monogamy relations between the effects of space-like separated random variables. These monogamy relations take the form of entropic inequalities between the various systems and we give a general method to derive them. Using these monogamy relations, we refute previous suggestions for physical mechanisms that could lead to relativistically causal correlations, demonstrating that such mechanisms would lead to superluminal signalling.

An investigation of feature reduction, transferability, and generalization in AWID datasets for secure Wi-Fi networks

The widespread use of wireless networks to transfer an enormous amount of sensitive information has caused a plethora of vulnerabilities and privacy issues. The management frames, particularly authentication and association frames, are vulnerable to cyberattacks and it is a significant concern. Existing research in Wi-Fi attack detection focused on obtaining high detection accuracy while neglecting modern traffic and attack scenarios such as key reinstallation or unauthorized decryption attacks. This study proposed a novel approach using the AWID 3 dataset for cyberattack detection. The retained features were analyzed to assess their transferability, creating a lightweight and cost-effective model. A decision tree with a recursive feature elimination method was implemented for the extraction of the reduced features subset, and an additional feature wlan_radio.signal_dbm was used in combination with the extracted feature subset. Several deep learning and machine learning models were implemented, where DT and CNN achieved promising classification results. Further, feature transferability and generalizability were evaluated, and their detection performance was analyzed across different network versions where CNN outperformed other classification models. The practical implications of this research are crucial for the secure automation of wireless intrusion detection frameworks and tools in personal and enterprise paradigms.

A microfluidics platform for simultaneous evaluation of sensitivity and side effects of anti-cancer drugs using a three-dimensional culture method

Bayesian analysis of the rate of spontaneous malignant mesothelioma among BAP1 mutant mice in the absence of asbestos exposure

Multiomics analysis reveals the involvement of NET1 in tumour immune regulation and malignant progression

Magnetospheric origin of a fast radio burst constrained using scintillation

Tracking the correlation between spintronic structure and oxygen evolution reaction mechanism of cobalt-ruthenium-based electrocatalyst

Author Correction: PatCID: an open-access dataset of chemical structures in patent documents

Correction: Psychosocial and sociodemographic factors associated with gestational blood glucose levels in women attending public hospitals: Results from baseline of MAASTHI cohort

Evaluating the ability of large language models to emulate personality

Metabolomic profiling of saliva from cystic fibrosis patients

Corporate genome screening India (CoGsI) identified genetic variants association with T2D in young Indian professionals

AbstractRising cases of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in India, especially in metropolitan cities is an increasing concern. The individuals that were most affected are young professionals working in the corporate sector. However, the corporate sector has remained the least explored for T2D risk predisposition. Considering corporate employees’ lifestyles and the role of gene-environment interaction in T2D susceptibility, the study aims to find genetic variants associated with T2D predisposition. In this first kind of study, 680 young professionals (284 T2D cases, and 396 controls) were diagnosed and screened for 2658 variants on an array designed explicitly for the CoGsI study. The variant filtering was done at Bonferroni p-value of 0.000028. The genetic data was analysed using PLINK v1.09, SPSS, R programming, VEP tool, and FUMA GWAS tool. Interestingly, 42 variants were associated with the T2D risk. Out of 42, three missense variants (rs1402467, rs6050, and rs713598) in Sulfotransferase family 1 C member 4 (SULT1C4), Fibrinogen Alpha Chain (FGA), and Taste 2 Receptor Member 38 (TAS2R38) and two untranslated region (UTR) variants (rs1063320 and rs6296) in Major Histocompatibility Complex, Class I, G (HLA-G) and 5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor 1B (HTR1B) were associated with the T2D risk. CoGsI identified potential genomic markers increasing susceptibility to the early onset of T2D. Present findings provide insights into mechanisms underlying T2D manifestation in corporate professionals due to genetics interacting with occupational stress and urban lifestyles.

GaAs nano-ridge laser diodes fully fabricated in a 300-mm CMOS pilot line

Towards non-blinking and photostable perovskite quantum dots