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Sustainable application of waste gangue mortar in coal mine tunnel support
Community science as a potential tool to monitor animal demography and human-animal interactions
Renal anemia and hyporesponsiveness to ESA for preservation of residual kidney function in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis
Comprehensive evaluation of pure and hybrid collaborative filtering in drug repurposing
Abstract Drug development is known to be a costly and time-consuming process, which is prone to high failure rates. Drug repurposing allows drug discovery by reusing already approved compounds. The outcomes of past clinical trials can be used to predict novel drug-disease associations by leveraging drug- and disease-related similarities. To tackle this classification problem, collaborative filtering with implicit feedback (and potentially additional data on drugs and diseases) has become popular. It can handle large imbalances between negative and positive known associations and known and unknown associations. However, properly evaluating the improvement over the state of the art is challenging, as there is no consensus approach to compare models. We propose a reproducible methodology for comparing collaborative filtering-based drug repurposing. We illustrate this method by comparing 11 models from the literature on eight diverse drug repurposing datasets. Based on this benchmark, we derive guidelines to ensure a fair and comprehensive evaluation of the performance of those models. In particular, an uncontrolled bias on unknown associations might lead to severe data leakage and a misestimation of the model’s true performance. Moreover, in drug repurposing, the ability of a model to extrapolate beyond its training distribution is crucial and should also be assessed. Finally, we identified a subcategory of collaborative filtering that seems efficient and robust to distribution shifts. Benchmarks constitute an essential step towards increased reproducibility and more accessible development of competitive drug repurposing methods.
Retraction Note: Novel magnetic organic–inorganic hybrids based on aromatic polyamides and ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles with biological activity
Time series forecasting of bed occupancy in mental health facilities in India using machine learning
Assessment of walnut (Juglans regia L.) cultivation land suitability using a multiple-criteria decision-making method in Southeastern Turkey
Liquid crystal torons in Poiseuille-like flows
Retraction Note: Enhancing MPPT performance for partially shaded photovoltaic arrays through backstepping control with Genetic Algorithm-optimized gains
A hybrid human fall detection method based on modified YOLOv8s and AlphaPose
The value of increasing sequencing depth for noninvasive prenatal screening for whole chromosomal aneuploidy
First principles design of multifunctional spintronic devices based on super narrow borophene nanoribbons
College students’ entrepreneurship education path and management strategy of start-up enterprises using causal attribution theory
Association between extracellular DNA levels, markers of inflammation and left ventricular mass index in children with chronic kidney disease
Abstract Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation, but the primary factors triggering this inflammation remain unclear. Extracellular or cell-free DNA (exDNA) originates from virtually all tissues, being released during cell death, and stimulates the innate immune system. Our study was designed as an observational, cross-sectional cohort study of children with CKD (both before and after kidney transplantation) and controls to analyze associations between exDNA, markers of inflammation, and cardiovascular health. Extracellular DNA (total, nuclear, and mitochondrial) was analyzed in plasma using fluorometry and real-time PCR. We found that children with CKD after kidney transplantation had higher concentrations of total and nuclear extracellular DNA (total exDNA and nc_exDNA) in plasma compared to controls. In univariate analysis, levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin (LL-37), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) were positively correlated with total exDNA and nc_exDNA concentrations. Multivariate analysis revealed LVMI as the only independent variable associated with high levels of both total exDNA and nc_exDNA. We believe that our results contribute new knowledge to the pathogenesis of CKD and its complications and may help identify new treatment targets.
The impact of major congenital anomalies on obstetric outcomes in the United Arab Emirates: the Mutaba’ah Study
Machine learning based prediction models for the prognosis of COVID-19 patients with DKA
A comparative petrophysical evaluation of the Abu Roash, Bahariya, and Kharita reservoirs using well-logging data, East El-Fayoum, Egypt
Abstract The exploration and development of hydrocarbon resources in the Western Desert require more continuous activities. The Silah is a newly discovered field in this region. Therefore, this study emphasizes the application of petrophysical evaluation to sandstone and carbonate reservoirs from the late and early Cretaceous. These formations are the most potential hydrocarbon reservoirs in the studied area as a part of the western desert. Additionally, this study involves a comparative evaluation of the Abu Roash, Bahariya, and Kharita reservoirs using well-logging data by applying different cross-plots that are used for determining different petrophysical parameters such as shale volume, porosity, fluid saturation, permeability, and net-to-gross ratio. These logs are gamma-ray (GR), calliper, resistivity (RLA5, RLA3, and RXOZ), photoelectric effect (PEFZ), neutron (APLC), and density (RHOZ). These plots agree with the results deduced from the interpretation of lithologic logs. Fourteen hydrocarbon-bearing zones are identified in the Silah field. Only two zones, namely, Zone 2 in Silah-15 and Zone 1 in South Silah-1X, are considered the best for hydrocarbon generation. These zones are characterized by low to moderate shale volume, moderate to high total porosity, good effective porosity, low water saturation, and high net-to-gross ratio. These zones lie in the Abu Roash/F member. These deduced points prove that the Abu Roash/F member can be an abundant hydrocarbon reservoir. This member in the Silah field appears to be a promising hydrocarbon reservoir because it matches the petrophysical parameters of the investigated zones and others in the northwestern Desert. This suggests that there may be reservoir continuity and similarity.
Development of a 3D cephalometric index to grade severity of dentofacial deformity in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Characterization of some selected macroalgae extracts and assessment of their insecticidal and genotoxicity in Culex pipiens L. mosquito larvae
Abstract The continual use of synthetic insecticides to control mosquito larvae has severe implications for human health and the ecosystem, highlighting the need for alternative natural insecticides. Macroalgae may be a good alternative because of their biologically active metabolites with distinctive chemical structures that have been reported for their insecticidal properties. The study aimed to investigate the potential of different extracts from Jania rubens (Linnaeus) J.V.Lamouroux and Colpomenia sinuosa (Mertens ex Roth) Derbès & Solier as genotoxic and larvicidal agents against Culex pipiens Linnaeus larvae. The algae thallus was subjected to extraction using methanol, acetone, and methylene chloride. The phytochemical composition was quantified. The larvicidal activity of the different algae extracts was assessed against the third instar larvae of Culex pipiens. Genotoxic evaluation through comet assays and compound characterization by GC/MS was done. The results demonstrated that J. rubens methylene chloride extract exhibited the highest contents of phenolics, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and tannins while C. sinuosa methanol extract demonstrated the highest levels of flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolics, and saponins. The larvicidal activity results revealed that J. rubens methylene chloride extract was the most toxic for C. pipiens larvae with LC50 = 9.30 ppm followed by C. sinuosa acetone extract with LC50 = 82.58 ppm after 72 h of exposure. At 50 and 250 ppm, J. rubens methylene chloride and C. sinuosa acetone extracts maintained 100 and 93.33% larval mortality rates, respectively. Comet assay results demonstrated the genotoxicity of both algae extracts in C. pipiens larvae. This study would be a beginning towards replacing chemical insecticides with algae-based bioinsecticides against C. pipiens mosquitos.