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Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) dimensions mediate the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and adult aggression depending on cognitive reappraisal

Abstract Associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and aggressive behavior have often been demonstrated, but the mechanisms underneath these relations are yet unclear. As high levels of ACEs and aggression have been found among individuals with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), ADHD dimensions might explain this association. Moreover, maladaptive emotion regulation is common in ADHD and was associated with aggressive behavior. The present study investigated the dynamics among these constructs in a mixed sample of 287 adults. We found partially mediating effects of current ADHD on the associations of ACEs with adult aggression, especially regarding the hyperactive/impulsive dimension. Cognitive reappraisal moderated the indirect effect between hyperactivity/impulsivity and aggression, especially for females. Hence, the unfavourable dynamics found in the present study might explain the increased risk for aggressive behavior in individuals affected by both, ACEs and ADHD. Respective gender-sensitive prevention and treatment for aggressive behavior should include adequate pharmacological and psychological approaches that address ADHD core symptoms, whilst also aiming to improve emotion regulation techniques.

Long-term Double-J stenting is superior to short-term Single-J stenting in kidney transplantation

Background and objectives Urological complications after kidney transplantation, due to the ureteroneocystostomy, are associated with significant morbidity, prolonged hospital stay and even mortality. Ureteral stents can minimize the number of complications but are not consistently used, as previous studies were retrospective in nature. We aim to prospectively determine the most effective stenting approach. Methods We performed a non-blinded single-centre randomised controlled trial in an academic hospital. Kidney transplant recipients were randomised to either a Single-J stent or a Double-J stent, removed according to respective protocols. Primary outcome was PCN placement within six months. Secondary outcomes encompassed urinary tract infections, cost-effectiveness, and hospital admission time. The study was conducted from November 2018 to August 2023, during which 300 recipients were included with complete follow-up. Results PCN was performed in 14.5% in the Single-J group (21/145) and 4.5% in the Double-J group (7/155), p = 0.003. Multivariable logistic regression, corrected for recipient age, BMI, sex, and donor type, showed an OR of 0.26 [0.10, 0.61] (OR [95%CI]). To prevent PCN in one recipient, 10 would have to receive the Double-J. All secondary outcomes were comparable, whereas hospital admission time and cost-effectiveness analysis heavily favoured Double-J stenting. An important limitation was that Single-J participants were unable to leave, even if their recovery allowed earlier discharge. Conclusion This trial showed that Double-J stenting consistently reduced urological complications from 14.5% to 4.5%, while being highly cost-effective. Transplant surgeons should favour Double-J stenting to minimise the risk of complications.

Parallel median consensus clustering in complex networks

The effects of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine rehabilitation programs on post-acute ankle sprain: A randomized controlled trial study protocol

Background Ankle sprain is a common clinical disease, which has the highest incidence rate among joint and ligament injuries. And acute ankle sprains can easily develop into chronic ankle instability, thereby increasing the difficulty of treatment. The current clinical guidelines for post-acute ankle sprains are still controversial. Pain and functional impairment are the most significant symptoms after ankle sprain. The main purpose of this study is to explore the safety and effectiveness of the intervention of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine rehabilitation programs on post-acute ankle sprains. Methods This study is a single center, prospective, intervention randomized controlled trial with a control group. 174 patients of 18–35 years old with post-acute ankle sprain will be included. A randomized controlled study is conducted and divided into a control group and an experimental group. The control group receive routine treatment, while the experimental group receive integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine rehabilitation programs. The intervention lasted for a total of 2 weeks. The main outcome measures are Visual Analog Scale and Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire; the secondary outcome measures are the Foot Ankle Ability Assessment Scale, AOFAS Ankle Posterior Foot Scale, torque and gait. This study protocol aims to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine rehabilitation programs by comparing the results of two groups before and after treatment. This protocol will follow the SPIRIT guidance. Discussion At present, there is a lack of rehabilitation management for post-acute ankle sprains. Therefore, this study has the potential to improve the healthcare for post-acute ankle sprains patients and might be used for future standardized evidence-based rehabilitation concepts. Trial registration The trial was registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=234465 (Registration No.: ChiCTR2400087456). Date: 2024-07-29.

Publisher Correction: Granulation compared to co-application of biochar plus mineral fertilizer and its impacts on crop growth and nutrient leaching

Correction: Coming of age in recovery: The prevalence and correlates of substance use recovery status among adolescents and emerging adults

Author Correction: LSTM-based framework for predicting point defect percentage in semiconductor materials using simulated XRD patterns

Experience of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for those with mild traumatic brain injury (ACTion mTBI): A qualitative descriptive study

Psychological interventions may make a valuable contribution to recovery following a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and have been advocated for in treatment consensus guidelines. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is a more recently developed therapeutic option that may offer an effective approach. Consequently, we developed ACTion mTBI, a 5-session ACT-informed intervention protocol. To establish the feasibility of this intervention, we wanted to understand participants’ experiences of ACTion mTBI, determine acceptability and identify any refinements needed to inform a full-scale effectiveness trial. We recruited adults (≥16 years of age) diagnosed with mTBI who were engaged in community-based multidisciplinary rehabilitation. After completing the ACTion mTBI sessions, 23/27 (85.2%) participants (mean time post-injury: 28.0 weeks) completed a semi-structured interview about their experience of the intervention. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using a qualitative description approach. There were two overarching themes 1) attacking the concussion from a different direction and 2) positive impact on recovery which depicted participants’ overall experiences of the intervention. Within these overarching themes, our analysis also identified two subthemes: 1) helpful aspects of the intervention which included education and ACT processes (i.e., being present and being able to step back) and 2) “contextual factors that enabled intervention effectiveness” which included being equipped with tools, cultural and spiritual responsiveness, the therapeutic connection, and the intervention having a structured yet flexible approach to order of delivery to meet individual needs. Participants’ experiences support acceptability, cultural and spiritual responsibility of ACTion mTBI. Suggested refinements included enabling access to intervention over time, not just at one point during recovery and the addition of a brief check-in follow-up.

Rational design, synthesis, in vitro, and in-silico studies of pyrazole‑phthalazine hybrids as new α‑glucosidase inhibitors

AMMI analysis of elite bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) selections for genotype by environment interaction and stability of grain yield in Southern Ethiopia

Smallholder wheat farmers of Ethiopia frequently use landraces as seed sources that are low yielders and susceptible to diseases due to shortage of seeds of adapted improved bread wheat varieties. Developing novel improved varieties with wider adaptability and stability is necessary to maximize the productivity of bread wheat. Hence, a multi-location field trial was conducted across four locations in south Ethiopia during the 2022/23 main cropping season with the objective of estimating the magnitude of genotype by environment interaction (GEI) effect, and determine the stable genotype among the 10 Ethiopian bread wheat advanced selections using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The data recorded from all plots on 13 agronomic traits and the three wheat rust diseases were computed using appropriate statistical software. The results showed that individual and combined analysis of variance (ANOVA) exhibited the presence of highly significant variability (P<0.01) among the locations, genotypes, and GEI effects for most of the traits including grain yield. The additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) ANOVA for main effects; location, genotype and GEI revealed significant variation among the selections with 82.0%, 8.7% and 9.3% share of sum square variation, respectively. The genotype plus genotype by environment interaction (GGE) bi-plot analysis explained 92.44% of the total variation observed. AMMI and GGE-biplot analyses indicated G11, G9, G10, and G8 as high yielders and well-adaptive in the favourable locations. AMMI stability value (ASV) and Yield stability index (YSI) showed G5 and G8 as highly stable and adaptive selections across locations. Overall, the study identified that G8 as the most stable and adaptive selection, while G11 was the top yielder cultivar across locations. Therefor it was suggested that seeds of G8 can be grown across all the locations, whereas G11, G9, and G10 can be grown in the favourable environments and similar agro-ecologies in the east African region.

An artificial insurance framework for a hydrogen-based microgrid to detect the advanced cyberattack model

Penehyclidine for postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients receiving general anesthesia: A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol

Background Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common complication of general anesthesia. This affects 30–80% of patients, and leads to discomfort and extended hospital stays. The effectiveness of penehyclidine for preventing PONV remains a subject of debate in the literature. Therefore, the present systematic review and meta-analysis will evaluate the efficacy of penehyclidine in preventing PONV in patients who received general anesthesia. Methods The present systematic review and meta-analysis is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024523798). The present study will adhere to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, and the A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) guidelines. The search will be conducted across multiple databases, including MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and CQVIP. This will comprise articles published from the inception of the databases to April 1, 2024. Eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that meet the inclusion criteria would be searched. The main outcome measure is the incidence of PONV. The secondary outcome measures include the incidence of postoperative nausea, incidence of postoperative vomiting, severity of nausea, severity of vomiting, patient satisfaction, length of hospital stay and adverse effects. Two researchers will independently evaluate the quality of the selected literature, and extract the data. The quality assessment of each RCT will be independently conducted by two researchers using the GRADE approach, as recommended in the Cochrane Handbook for Risk of Bias Assessment. The meta-analysis will be conducted using RevMan 5.4. Results A series of studies on the use of penehyclidine to prevent PONV in patients who received general anesthesia will be included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Conclusion The results of the systematic review will offer valuable insights to clinicians and researchers on the use of penehyclidine as a prophylactic intervention against PONV in patients who receive general anesthesia.

A moisture differential technique for extraction and maintenance of imported fire ant colonies under laboratory conditions

Prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths infection and associated risk factors among residents of Jigjiga town, Somali region, Eastern Ethiopia

Background One of the tropical illnesses that is often overlooked is soil-transmitted helminths, or STHs. In tropical and subtropical nations, where poor sanitation and contaminated water sources are common, they mostly impact the most vulnerable populations. Objective The aim of this study was to ascertain the prevalence of STHs and related risk factors among the people living in Jigjiga town, Somali region, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was revealed from June 1 to July 21, 2023. Study participants were selected through a multistage sampling method, where households were randomly chosen from the kebeles. A semi-structured questionnaire and observational checklist were used to collect some of the data. A stool sample was collected from each participant, and a single Kato-Katz was performed to detect STHs. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed, and statistical significance was declared at a level of p-value < 0.05 between the outcome and independent variables. Results There were 507 participants in this study, and 90.9% of them responded. STH prevalence was 11.4% overall (95% CI =  9.0, 14.0). With a prevalent parasite species, A. lumbricoides was 9.3%, T. trichiura was 2.8%, and hookworms were 0.2%. Of the overall positive cases, 93.1% are due to single parasite infections. Independent predictors of STHs included low wealth status (AOR =  3.10; 95% CI =  1.25, 7.75; p =  0.015), infrequent hand washing before meals (AOR =  3.19; 95% CI =  1.55, 6.57; p =  0.002), earthen floors (AOR =  2.32; 95% CI =  1.12, 4.79; p =  0.023), and no drinking water treatment habit (AOR =  5.07; 95% CI =  1.89, 13.57; p =  0.001). Conclusion Jigjiga town had a low prevalence of STHs infections. Infrequent hand washing habits before meals, earthen floors, low wealth status, and no habit of treating drinking water were significant associated factors. Health education on handwashing, regular deworming, improved access to clean water and sanitation facilities to reduce the burden of STH effectively.

Protective factors contributing to the health status of construction industry migrant workers in Chinese mainland

Laboratory risk assessment of Beauveria bassiana AAD16 on two species of ladybird beetle

Beauveria bassiana AAD16, isolated from Allomyrina dichotoma, shows promise as a mycoinsecticide against various coleopterans. However, assessing non-target impacts on beneficial beetles like ladybirds is crucial before commercialization. Here we assessed the compatibility between ladybird beetles and B. bassiana AAD16. The virulence of the AAD16 strain was compared with that of an available commercial strain, B. bassiana GHA, for two developmental stages (adults and 3rd instar larvae) of two coccinellids, Harmonia axyridis Pallas and Chilocorus spp. Say using the topical (1μl) application method. The ST50 for the two life stages of the two ladybird beetles were not different between the two tested fungal strains. Mycosis rates recorded from the dead bodies were also not significant except in the 3rd instar which showed 36 and 63% from AAD16 and GHA strains in H. axyridis, while those of Chilocorus spp. were 40 and 63%, respectively. In adult stage, the mycosis rates of H. axyridis (males and females tested separately) were (20–23) % and (26–30) % from the AAD16 and GHA strains, while those of Chilocorus spp. (unsexed) were 23 and 30%, respectively. AAD16 caused similar rates of mortality in the adult stages of both species. Therefore, we conclude that B. bassiana AAD16 would not increase risk to these beneficial insects compared to a similar pathogen commercialized.

Comprehensive profiling of serum microRNAs in normal and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients

Obesity phenotypes and dyslipidemia in adults from four African countries: An H3Africa AWI-Gen study

Introduction The contribution of obesity phenotypes to dyslipidaemia in middle-aged adults from four sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries at different stages of the epidemiological transition has not been reported. We characterized lipid levels and investigated their relation with the growing burden of obesity in SSA countries. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Kenya and South Africa. Participants were middle aged adults, 40–60 years old residing in the study sites for the past 10 years. Age-standardized prevalence and adjusted mean cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, triglycerides and non-HDL-C were estimated using Poisson regression analyses and association of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WTHR) with abnormal lipid fractions modeled using a random effects meta-analysis. Obesity phenotypes are defined as BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, increased WC and increased waist-to-hip ratio. Results A sample of 10,700 participants, with 54.7% being women was studied. Southern and Eastern African sites recorded higher age-standardized prevalence of five lipid fractions then West African sites. Men had higher LDL-C (19% vs 8%) and lower HDL-C (35% vs 24%) while women had higher total cholesterol (15% vs 19%), triglycerides (9% vs 10%) and non-HDL-cholesterol (20% vs 26%). All lipid fractions were significantly associated with three obesity phenotypes. Approximately 72% of participants in the sample needed screening for dyslipidaemia with more men than women requiring screening. Conclusion Obesity in all forms may drive a dyslipidaemia epidemic in SSA with men and transitioned societies at a higher risk. Targeted interventions to control the epidemic should focus on health promoting and improved access to screening services.

Impact of high pressure impregnation and air drying on the quality of Dosidicus gigas slices

Abstract Humboldt squid (Dosidicus gigas) is the most abundant cephalopod in the fishing industry, and its high nutritional and organoleptic properties make it a go-to food product for consumers. Therefore, developing new processing techniques seems imperative to minimize quality deterioration and provide products with appropriate characteristics. The study aimed to determine the effect of high-pressure impregnation (HPI) pretreatment on hot air-drying kinetics and the quality of Humboldt squid slices. Various pressures, times, and concentrations of osmotic solution during HPI were evaluated, followed by drying at 40 and 60 °C. The HPI pretreatment reduced the drying time by around 26% when dried at 40 °C, and only 18% when dried at⋅ 60 °C compared with unpretreated samples. The Weibull, Page, and Logarithmic models were considered for experimental drying curve modeling. Diffusion coefficient values varied from 3.82 to 6.59 × 10−9 m2/s for all drying conditions. Moreover, the color, texture, and water-holding capacity were determined. Rehydration capacity values increased due to less damage to cellular tissue than the control (HPI-untreated dried samples). Also, scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed a compacted structure of HPI-dried squid samples. Overall, HPI proved to be a beneficial pretreatment as it reduced drying time and improved the quality characteristics of Humboldt squid.

Patterns of microbial contamination on Northumberland Strait shores

The re-emergence of episodic faecal contamination of Parlee and Murray Corner beaches, on the Northumberland Strait of New Brunswick, Canada, in 2017, raised renewed community concerns on the health, environmental and tourism sustainability of these community resources, and led to creation of an Integrated Watershed Management Plan for the Shediac Bay Watershed (October 2021). In response we have to date compiled, curated and made accessible 205,772 microbial water quality data records spanning over 80 years from Southeastern New Brunswick and the Northumberland Strait. This dataset derives in large part from Shellfish Surveys completed by Environment and Climate Change Canada, along with data generated by multiple government agencies, Non-Governmental Organizations and citizen science sources. Records derived from these multiple sources are now deposited in the Gordon Foundation’s DataStream (https://atlanticdatastream.ca), an open access common platform for sharing structured information on fresh and marine water health, delivered on a pan-Canadian scale, in collaboration with regional monitoring networks. We herein outline our data assembly, curation and deposition, along with preliminary analyses of contamination patterns at three representative sites on the Northumberland Strait coast of New Brunswick. Our results suggest that cumulative rainfall over 48 h is useful in predicting contamination risk at the developed Parlee Beach, and thereby demonstrate how open data can be used to inform policy and management decisions.