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In-situ electrochemical activation accelerates the magnesium-ion storage
A prospective cohort study of the association between mode of delivery and postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder
Recent centennial drought on the Tibetan Plateau is outstanding within the past 3500 years
Abstract Given growing concerns about global climate change, it is critical to understand both historical and current shifts in the hydroclimate, particularly in regions critically entwined with global circulation. The Tibetan Plateau, the Earth’s largest and highest plateau, is a nexus for global atmospheric processes, significantly influencing East Asian hydroclimate dynamics through the synergy of the Asian Monsoon and the Westerlies. Yet, understanding historical and recent hydroclimate fluctuations and their wide-ranging ecological and societal consequences remains challenging due to short instrumental observations and partly ambiguous proxy reconstructions. Here, we present a precisely-dated 3476-year precipitation reconstruction derived from tree-ring δ18O data on the Tibetan Plateau, representing one of the few multi-millennia-long annually-resolved terrestrial δ18O records to date. Our findings reveal that the 20th century drought extremes are severe within the past three millennia, and likely linked to the weakening of both the Asian Monsoon and Westerlies due to anthropogenic aerosol emissions. Additionally, our analyses identified three distinct stages (110 BC–AD 280, AD 330–770 and AD 950–1300) characterized by shifts toward arid hydroclimate conditions, corresponding to significant social unrest and dynasty collapses, which underscores the potential societal impacts of severe hydroclimatic shifts.
Corrosion and degradation behavior of MCSTE-Processed AZ31 magnesium alloy
Abstract This study aims to investigate the impact of multi-channel spiral twist extrusion (MCSTE) on the corrosion and degradation properties of biodegradable AZ31 (Mg-3Al-1Zn, wt.%) magnesium alloy. Square AZ31 billets were processed using route C-MCSTE (with a 180° rotation between passes) at 250°C and with a ram speed of 10 mm/min for up to 8 passes. The extrusion process was conducted via dies with twist angles of 30° and 40°. The microstructural changes and grain size distribution in the alloy were determined with a Scanning Electron Microscopy equipped with Electron Backscatter Diffraction. Electrochemical tests were conducted in a simulated body fluid to model the environment in which medical implants operate. The mechanical properties of the alloy were tested before and after processing using compression tests. The billets processed with a 30° twist angle demonstrated superior mechanical and corrosion resistance compared to those processed with a 40° die. A 66% reduction in grain size was found in billets processed for 4 passes using the 30°-die as compared to the as-annealed condition. Billets processed for 4 and 8 passes showed ultimate compressive strength improvements of 23% and 31%, respectively compared to the as-annealed condition. The 8-pass processed sample using the 30° twist ring die showed 76% improvement in the corrosion rate compared to the as-annealed state. Furthermore, billets processed for 4 passes showed corrosion resistance and ultimate compressive strength improvements of 108% and 23%; respectively compared to the as-annealed condition. These findings imply that the developed MCSTE process can be adopted for industrial use, especially in the manufacturing of biodegradable magnesium alloys for medical implants.
The role of climate and population change in global flood exposure and vulnerability
Phytoconstituent analysis, bioactivity, and safety evaluation of various colors of Chrysanthemum morifolium flower extracts for cosmetic application
An abundant ginger compound furanodienone alleviates gut inflammation via the xenobiotic nuclear receptor PXR in mice
Antihypertensive effect of sinapine extracted from rapeseed meal in 2K1C hypertensive rats
RECQ4-MUS81 interaction contributes to telomere maintenance with implications to Rothmund-Thomson syndrome
Abstract Replication stress, particularly in hard-to-replicate regions such as telomeres and centromeres, leads to the accumulation of replication intermediates that must be processed to ensure proper chromosome segregation. In this study, we identify a critical role for the interaction between RECQ4 and MUS81 in managing such stress. We show that RECQ4 physically interacts with MUS81, targeting it to specific DNA substrates and enhancing its endonuclease activity. Loss of this interaction, results in significant chromosomal segregation defects, including the accumulation of micronuclei, anaphase bridges, and ultrafine bridges (UFBs). Our data further demonstrate that the RECQ4-MUS81 interaction plays an important role in ALT-positive cells, where MUS81 foci primarily colocalise with telomeres, highlighting its role in telomere maintenance. We also observe that a mutation associated with Rothmund-Thomson syndrome, which produces a truncated RECQ4 unable to interact with MUS81, recapitulates these chromosome instability phenotypes. This underscores the importance of RECQ4-MUS81 in safeguarding genome integrity and suggests potential implications for human disease. Our findings demonstrate the RECQ4-MUS81 interaction as a key mechanism in alleviating replication stress at hard-to-replicate regions and highlight its relevance in pathological conditions such as RTS.
Schizophrenia recognition based on three-dimensional adaptive graph convolutional neural network
East Asian Gene flow bridged by northern coastal populations over past 6000 years
Non-linear effects of self-compassion and negative psychological states on nurses’ work engagement
Structural insights into dynamics of the BMV TLS aminoacylation
Extracorporeal hyperoxygenation therapy (EHT) for CO poisoning: in vitro and in vivo feasibility of a full-scale batch system
Abstract Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is one of the most common causes of injury and death from poisoning. The primary objective of therapy is to eliminate CO from the patient as quickly as possible to prevent acute and long-term effects. The ideal treatment is hyperbaric oxygen in a pressure chamber. However, pressure chambers are scarce, and therefore, the most common treatment is normobaric oxygen (NBO), which, however, has limited efficacy. Here, we present a full-scale batch system for extracorporeal hyperoxygenation therapy (EHT), which facilitates CO elimination extracorporeally by increasing the dissolved oxygen concentration in the blood. The EHT was characterized in vitro, resulting in a minimum carboxyhemoglobin half-life of 3.26 ± 0.11 min. In large animal trials the EHT reduced the median carboxyhemoglobin half-life by 42% (29.77 min EHT vs. 70.8 min control (NBO)). However, the EHT also induced oscillations in hemodynamic pressures due to changes in the animals’ circulatory volume during operation. After optimization, the EHT could be a promising option for treating CO poisoning.
USP5 stabilizes YTHDF1 to control cancer immune surveillance through mTORC1-mediated phosphorylation
An explainable deep learning model for diabetic foot ulcer classification using swin transformer and efficient multi-scale attention-driven network
Abstract Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU) is a severe complication of diabetes mellitus, resulting in significant health and socio-economic challenges for the diagnosed individual. Severe cases of DFU can lead to lower limb amputation in diabetic patients, making their diagnosis a complex and costly process that poses challenges for medical professionals. Manual identification of DFU is particularly difficult due to their diverse visual characteristics, leading to multiple cases going undiagnosed. To address this challenge, Deep Learning (DL) methods offer an efficient and automated approach to facilitate timely treatment and improve patient outcomes. This research proposes a novel feature fusion-based model that incorporates two parallel tracks for efficient feature extraction. The first track utilizes the Swin transformer, which captures long-range dependencies by employing shifted windows and self-attention mechanisms. The second track involves the Efficient Multi-Scale Attention-Driven Network (EMADN), which leverages Light-weight Multi-scale Deformable Shuffle (LMDS) and Global Dilated Attention (GDA) blocks to extract local features efficiently. These blocks dynamically adjust kernel sizes and leverage attention modules, enabling effective feature extraction. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work reporting the findings of a dual track architecture for DFU classification, leveraging Swin transformer and EMADN networks. The obtained feature maps from both the networks are concatenated and subjected to shuffle attention for feature refinement at a reduced computational cost. The proposed work also incorporates Grad-CAM-based Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) to visualize and interpret the decision making of the network. The proposed model demonstrated better performance on the DFUC-2021 dataset, surpassing existing works and pre-trained CNN architectures with an accuracy of 78.79% and a macro F1-score of 80%.
Seasonal recurrence and modular assembly of an Arctic pelagic marine microbiome
Abstract Deciphering how microbial communities are shaped by environmental variability is fundamental for understanding the structure and function of ocean ecosystems. While seasonal environmental gradients have been shown to structure the taxonomic dynamics of microbiomes over time, little is known about their impact on functional dynamics and the coupling between taxonomy and function. Here, we demonstrate annually recurrent, seasonal structuring of taxonomic and functional dynamics in a pelagic Arctic Ocean microbiome by combining autonomous samplers and in situ sensors with long-read metagenomics and SSU ribosomal metabarcoding. Specifically, we identified five temporal microbiome modules whose succession within each annual cycle represents a transition across different ecological states. For instance, Cand . Nitrosopumilus, Syndiniales, and the machinery to oxidise ammonia and reduce nitrite are signatures of early polar night, while late summer is characterised by Amylibacter and sulfur compound metabolism. Leveraging metatranscriptomes from Tara Oceans , we also demonstrate the consistency in functional dynamics across the wider Arctic Ocean during similar temporal periods. Furthermore, the structuring of genetic diversity within functions over time indicates that environmental selection pressure acts heterogeneously on microbiomes across seasons. By integrating taxonomic, functional and environmental information, our study provides fundamental insights into how microbiomes are structured under pronounced seasonal changes in understudied, yet rapidly changing polar marine ecosystems.