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Human tau promotes Warburg effect–like glycolytic metabolism under acute hyperglycemia conditions
Enhancing wheat resilience to salt stress through an integrative nanotechnology approach with chitosan proline and chitosan glycine
Abstract Salt stress significantly limits wheat production worldwide, jeopardizing food security and sustainable agriculture. Developing strategies to enhance wheat’s resilience to salinity is critical for maintaining yield in affected regions. This study investigates the potential of chitosan-proline (Cs-Pro) and chitosan-glycine (Cs-Gly) nanoparticles in mitigating salt stress in salt-tolerant Heydari and salt-sensitive Sepahan wheat cultivars, with a special question on genotype-dependent differences. Plants were treated with nanoparticles at concentrations of 0, 200, and 400 mg L⁻¹ under salt stress levels of 0, 200, and 400 mM NaCl. The salt-tolerant Heydari cultivar exhibited superior adaptability to saline conditions, in addition reacted more positively to nanoparticle treatments. Results demonstrated significant physiological improvements, including increased relative water content (RWC), enhanced chlorophyll content and elevated proline levels, especially after 400 mg L⁻¹ Cs-Pro treatment. Oxidative stress markers, such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide, were substantially reduced, while antioxidant enzyme activity was boosted. Certain stress-responsive genes (e.g., TaADC, TaPxPAO, TaSAMDC, TaSPDS, TaSOS1, TaNHX1) were upregulated, highlighting the importance of ionic balance and polyamine metabolism in improved stress tolerance. The application of Cs-Pro and Cs-Gly nanoparticles presents a promising approach to enhance wheat’s salinity tolerance by improving physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses.
Steroid receptors and coregulators: Dissemination of sex differences and emerging technologies
Multi-omic analyses reveal PTPN6’s impact on tumor immunity across various cancers
Substrate recognition in Bacillus anthracis sortase B beyond its canonical pentapeptide binding motif and use in sortase-mediated ligation
Optimized placement of distributed generators, capacitors, and EV charging stations in reconfigured radial distribution networks using enhanced artificial hummingbird algorithm
Dentin sialoprotein promotes endothelial differentiation of dental pulp stem cells through DSPaa34–50–endoglin–AKT1 axis
Association between mild renal insufficiency, inflammatory status on initial admission, and 1-year mortality following ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
In vitro inhibition of voltage-dependent sodium currents by the antifungal drug amorolfine
Enhancing catch-based stock assessment in data-limited fisheries with proxy CPUE indicators in the Yellow Sea
Roles of basic amino acid residues in substrate binding and transport of the light-driven anion pump Synechocystis halorhodopsin (SyHR)
Enhancing rapid nitrogen freezer performance for Litchi fruit: a Taguchi-based approach to reduce cracking, time, and nitrogen consumption
Abstract This study employed the Taguchi technique to investigate the influence of various liquid nitrogen quick-freezing parameters on litchi fruit cracking, nitrogen consumption, and freezing time. The experiments included testing different freezing temperatures (− 40, − 50, − 60, and − 70 °C), two types of nitrogen spraying nozzles (Hollow-cone and Full-cone), and two fan speeds (800 and 1200 rpm). Before freezing, the litchis were soaked in a solution and precooled as a pre-treatment to mitigate peel cracking and preserve quality. The results revealed that the crack ratio, freezing time, and nitrogen consumption decreased as temperature and fan speed increased. Among the nozzle types, Full-cone nozzles exhibited superior performance, achieving reductions of more than 15% in crack ratio, over 8% in freezing time, and more than 4% in nitrogen consumption compared to Hollow-cone nozzles. The predicted values derived from the Taguchi method showed strong alignment with the experimental data, validating the robustness of the optimization approach. This study contributes novel insights to the field of food freezing technology by introducing an innovative method for minimizing fruit cracking during freezing without the need for packaging. The findings also highlight the potential for reducing freezing time, operational costs, and nitrogen usage, offering practical implications for the food processing industry.
Molecular dissection of tendon development and healing: Insights into tenogenic phenotypes and functions
Enterprise modelling for decision-making in the software ecosystem
Abstract Even with the availability of modelling languages such as 4EM and ArchiMate, a noticeable uncertainty persists among professionals regarding the efficient development of process models in the software ecosystem. While current enterprise modelling frameworks and guidelines provide valuable perspectives on essential quality aspects, they are usually more abstract to apply in real-world scenarios directly. This study compares the features of 4EM and ArchiMate, underlining their distinct characteristics for a specific context of software outsourcing. Further, this paper demonstrates a choice of appropriate views of these two modelling languages to model a decision-making scenario for software vendor analysis and selection. Thus, this research supports software enterprises to understand their business processes related explicitly to outsourcing and benefits company personnel involved in decision-making. In addition to model development, 4EM and ArchiMate are tested for the extent they fit for modelling the given decision-making context in the software ecosystem. It is observed that ArchiMate is better suited to the given context. Afterwards, the models are validated using the SEQUAL framework which resulted in identification and incorporation of a new process activity in ‘As-Is’ scenario. This further provided means for digital innovation for ‘To-Be’ scenario of enterprise business process. However, the models developed in this study are premature since they are validated with a theoretical framework only, and the involvement of experts is limited. Thus, more validation studies are required in actual settings with more experts to improve the models further.
Dissecting the mechanism of NOP56 GGCCUG repeat-associated non-AUG translation using cell-free translation systems
A damage zone detection method in concrete hydraulic structures based on multi-frequency ultrasonic characteristics
The 2-methylcitrate cycle and the glyoxylate shunt in Pseudomonas aeruginosa are linked through enzymatic redundancy
Jellyfish shape as a mechanical balance
Why are jellyfish round? Animals get their shapes as they develop. After development, however, how animals keep their shapes is less understood. Moon jellies respond to perturbations to body shape, such as being halved or quartered, by reorganizing existing body parts and regaining radial symmetry, i.e., their round shape. The robust recovery of radial symmetry led us to investigate, in this study, how being round is encoded. We tested perturbing shape by grafting body sections in varying configurations. Testing these perturbations confirms the moon jellies’ ability to recover their round shape from many perturbations. However, in response to some perturbations, the jellies can also adopt other stable body shapes, such as oval, quadrilateral, and triangular. Thus, although the jellies are characterized by a radially symmetrical body plan, perturbations can lead to them recovering to bilateral shapes. Employing mathematical modeling, we find that interactions between forces from muscle contractions and viscoelastic tissues can explain the recovery to different shapes. A stable body shape is achieved when the mechanical forces are locally balanced, regardless of symmetry. Consistent with the model prediction that stable shape is the outcome of balancing mechanical forces, modulating the mechanical parameter in the system, i.e., the muscle contraction rate, can produce shape-shifting. Maintaining shapes dynamically as the balance of mechanical forces may enable the animals to readily adapt to changing physical environments.
Predicting the chemical equilibrium point of reacting components in gaseous mixtures through a novel Hierarchical Manta-Ray Foraging Optimization Algorithm
Abstract This study proposes a Hierarchical Manta-Ray Foraging Optimization (HMRFO) algorithm for calculating the equilibrium points of chemical reactions. To improve the solution diversity in the trial Manta-Ray population and enhance the general optimization effectivity of the algorithm, an ordered hierarchy is integrated into the original algorithm, taking into account the efficient search strategies of Elite-Opposition learning, Dynamic Opposition Learning, and Quantum search operator. Within this proposed concept, the Manta-ray population is divided into three main sub-populations: the Elite Oppositional learning scheme manipulates top elite individuals, Dynamic Oppositional learning search equations update average population members, and quantum-based learning equations process the worst members. The improved MRFO is applied to a hundred 30D and 500D optimization benchmark functions, and results have been compared to those obtained from state-of-art metaheuristic optimizers. Then, the proposed optimizer solved twenty-eight test problems previously employed in CEC-2013 competitions, and corresponding results were benchmarked against well-reputed metaheuristics. This research study also suggests a novel mathematical model for solving chemical equilibrium problems for ideal gas mixtures. Four challenging case studies related to chemical equilibrium problems have been performed by the HMRFO for varying test conditions, and it is observed that HMRFO can effectively cope with the tedious nonlinearities and complexities of the governing thermodynamic models associated with solving chemical equilibrium problems for gaseous reacting mixture components.