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Detection of sleep apnea using smartphone-embedded inertial measurement unit
Abstract We previously demonstrated that sleep apnea (SA) can be detected using acceleration and gyroscope signals from smartwatches. This study investigated whether an inertial measurement unit (IMU) embedded in non-wristwatch devices, such as smartphones, can also detect SA when worn during sleep. During polysomnography (PSG), subjects wore an IMU-embedded GPS device (Amue Link®) and/or smartphones (Xperia® or iPhone®) on their abdomen. Triaxial acceleration and gyroscope signals were recorded overnight. Data were split into training and test groups (2:1) for each device. An algorithm was developed in the training groups to extract respiratory movements (0.13–0.70 Hz) and detect respiratory events, which were validated in the test groups. IMU-derived respiratory events showed breath-by-breath concordance with PSG apnea-hypopnea events, yielding F1 scores of 0.786, 0.821, and 0.796, respectively. Regression model derived from IMU signals correlated with PSG AHI in the test groups (r = 0.90, 0.93, and 0.96), with limits of agreement of -16.7 to 25.9, -17.4 to 22.5, and − 18.4 to 20.5. Using cutoff values from the training groups, moderate-to-severe SA (AHI ≥ 15) was identified in the test groups with AUCs of 0.95, 0.98, and 0.94 and F1 scores of 0.89, 0.96, and 0.92, respectively. IMUs embedded in non-wristwatch devices, including smartphones, can quantitatively detect SA when worn during sleep.
Assessing climate change impacts on extreme hydrological characteristics of reservoir inflow in Tianshan Mountain Range, China
Author Correction: Factors affecting the work ability of nursing personnel with post-COVID infection
Author Correction: Female sex bias in Iberian megalithic societies through bioarchaeology, aDNA and proteomics
Shifts in MJO behavior enhance predictability of subseasonal precipitation whiplashes
Development and validation of a logistic regression model for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer
Evaluating Lip Repositioning for the Treatment of Excess Gingival Display with and without Pretreatment with Botox: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Multi-country and intersectoral assessment of cluster congruence between pipelines for genomics surveillance of foodborne pathogens
Development of a smoking simulation machine to evaluate the effects of smoking on the color change of dental restorative materials
Abstract To develop a smoking simulation machine, the study evaluated the effects of conventional and electronic cigarette smoke on the color stability of resin-based composites. Two types of nanohybrid resin-based composites were divided into two groups based on the material and subgroups according to the kind of exposure: electronic cigarettes, conventional cigarettes, and control. The exposure was by using a newly developed smoking simulation machine, and color change was the primary outcome, measured with a spectrophotometer and calculated using ΔEab. The results showed significant differences in color change were observed between the groups and subgroups (p < 0.001). Specimens exposed to conventional cigarettes exhibited more significant discoloration compared to those exposed to electronic cigarettes and control. The custom-made machine demonstrated the ability to simulate smoking conditions and their effects on dental materials. The machine provides a standard and controlled method for evaluating smoke’s effects on restorative materials, while not all materials exhibited similar reactions under the same smoking conditions. The machine impacts dental materials testing and accurately simulates the oral environment, providing insights into material performance that helps formulate materials that resist tobacco smoke, improve restoration durability with esthetics, enhance patient outcomes, and guide material selection.
Assessment of Marginal and Internal Fit of Implant-supported Monolithic Zirconium Single Crown Fabricated from Three Different Intraoral Scanners: An In Vitro Study
Atomic Ga triggers spatiotemporal coordination of oxygen radicals for efficient water oxidation on crystalline RuO2
Development of an efficient mid-field wireless power transmission system for biotelemetric IoT medical devices
Effect of Yttria Percentage and Different Surface Treatments on the Flexural Strength of Zirconia Materials: An In Vitro Study
Structure and mechanism of a mycobacterial isoniazid efflux pump MsRv1273c/72c with a degenerate nucleotide-binding site
Abstract Heterodimeric ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters containing one catalytically impaired degenerate nucleotide-binding site (NBS) have a mechanism different from those with two active NBSs. However, the structural basis of their transport mechanism remains to be explained. Here, we determine mycobacterial MsRv1273c/72c to be an isoniazid efflux pump and determine several structures by cryo-electron microscopy showing specific asymmetrical features including an N-terminal extending loop and a periplasmic helical hairpin only found in MsRv1272c. In addition, we capture three distinct asymmetric states where the nucleotide-binding domains are partially dimerized at the degenerate site. Using these intermediate states, the D-WalkerB loop and X-signature loop of MsRv1272c modulate and couple the function of both NBSs through conformational changes. Thus, these data provide insights into the mechanism of this heterodimeric ABC transporter containing a degenerate NBS. The structures also provide a framework for the rational design of anti-tuberculosis drugs targeting this drug-efflux pump.