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Small Organic Carbonic Anhydrase IX Ligands from DNA-Encoded Chemical Libraries for Tumor-Targeted Delivery of Radionuclides

Mental well-being in Swedish adolescents 2014–2023: A repeated population-based cross-sectional study focusing on temporal variations and differences between groups

Mental well-being is more than merely the absence of mental illness; it is a multidimensional concept that includes both emotional and functional well-being, which are valuable resources during adolescence. In order to develop relevant interventions and policies to strengthen adolescent mental health, a continuous monitoring of the population well-being becomes important. The aim of the study was to examine the level, distribution, and changes in mental well-being over time in a Swedish adolescent population. Current study is based on four waves (2014-2017-2020-2023) of a cross-sectional student survey (N = 16288, Mage = 16.23). The outcome was measured with the Mental Health Continuum Short Form. Ten explanatory factors were chosen to examine differences in mental well-being in the study population: Grade, Sex, Sexual orientation, Socioeconomic status, Country of birth, Visual, Hearing or Mobility impairment, Specific learning disorder and Neurodevelopmental disorder. Differences in mental well-being between groups as well as temporal trends were examined and evaluated through statistical testing and hierarchical multiple linear regressions modeling. Girls, non-heterosexual adolescents, and adolescents with low socioeconomic status or impairments have lower levels of mental well-being than boys, heterosexual adolescents, and adolescents with higher socioeconomic status or without impairments, respectively. A deterioration in mental well-being is seen over time for several groups; however, results of the multivariable analysis indicates that the deterioration is mainly an effect of sex and the significant decline in mental well-being seen among girls. The most significant factor for explaining the variation in mental well-being in this study is socioeconomic status. This study elucidates temporal changes and differences in levels of mental well-being between social groups in the adolescent population. The overall differences are small, but their potential implications for public health warrant careful consideration since they concern a significant part of the population. The results underscore the imperative of promoting mental well-being in adolescents, particularly among vulnerable groups.

Stabilizing Residual Monomers within <i>In Situ</i> Polymerized Electrolytes for High-Voltage Lithium Metal Batteries

Critical timing: Impact of delays to surgery on prognosis in stage I-II non-small cell lung cancer

Background Delaying surgery affects the prognosis of patients with lung cancer, but the critical time point at which it becomes detrimental to survival. Identifying this critical time point may benefit patients and guide clinical practice. Methods Data from patients diagnosed with stage I-II non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were employed to evaluate prognostic factors associated with overall survival (OS) and to identify time points from diagnosis to surgery that significantly impact prognosis. Kaplan-Meier curves and subgroup analyses were conducted to validate the affect of early versus late surgery on OS. Multinomial logistic regression was utilized to evaluate factors associated with delays in the time from diagnosis to surgery. Results We included 55,582 adult patients with stage I-II NSCLC from the SEER database. Time to surgery (TTS) was identified as an independent prognostic factor for OS in stage I-II NSCLC patients through multivariate Cox regression analysis. Compared to surgeries performed within 6 weeks of TTS, those performed after 6 weeks of TTS (HR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.20–1.25, P &lt; 0.001) were significantly related to poorer OS. Multinomial logistic regression revealed that age, sex, race, and marital status were risk factors for delayed TTS after diagnosis. Compared to patients with a TTS of 0–40 days, those with a TTS of 63–111 days had the following risks: for patients aged ≥ 75 years, the odds ratio (OR) was 1.46 (95% CI: 1.32–1.62, P &lt; 0.001); for males, the OR was 1.15 (95% CI: 1.09–1.20, P &lt; 0.001). Conclusion Compared to stage I-II NSCLC patients who underwent surgery more than 6 weeks after diagnosis, those who underwent surgery within 6 weeks had significantly higher survival rates. Delays in surgery were associated with adverse social factors.

Balancing Chemical and Supramolecular Stability in OEGylated Supramolecular Polymers for Systemic Drug Delivery

Physician awareness of, interest in, and current use of artificial intelligence large language model-based virtual assistants

There is increasing medical interest and research regarding the potential of large language model-based virtual assistants in healthcare. It is important to understand physicians’ interest in implementing these tools into clinical practice, so preceding education could be implemented to ensure appropriate and ethical use. We aimed to assess physician 1) awareness of, 2) interest in, and 3) current use of large language model-based virtual assistants for clinical practice and professional development and determine the specific applications of interest and use. Additionally, we wanted to determine associations with age, gender, and role. We conducted a cross-sectional study between 11/08-12/2023 via an anonymous web-based survey that was disseminated among physicians at a large NY healthcare network using snowball sampling. Descriptive and basic inferential statistics were performed. There were 562 respondents, largely males (55.7%), attending physicians (68.5%), and from nonsurgical specialties (67.4%). Most were aware of large language model chatbots (89.7%) and expressed interest (97.2%). Only a minority incorporated it into their practice (21%). Highest levels of interest were for journal review, patient education, and documentation/dictation (88.1-89.5%). The most frequently employed uses were medical information and education and study/research design. Females showed higher interest than males (99.2% vs. 95.5%, p = 0.011). Attendings were more aware of large language models (92.2% vs. 84.2%, p = 0.004), while trainees had increased rates of use (28.8% vs. 17.4%, p = 0.002). Use varied across age brackets, highest among 20-30 year olds (29.1% vs. 13.5%-23.4%, p = 0.018), except for documentation/dictation, where highest use was among the 41-50 year old group (10.5% vs. 2.6%-8.7%, p = 0.047). We concluded that physicians are interested in large language model-based virtual assistants, a minority are implementing it into their practice, and gender-, role-, and age-based disparities exist. As physicians continue to integrate large language models into their patient care and professional development, there is opportunity for research, education, and guidance to ensure an inclusive, responsible, and safe adoption.

The Conformational Equilibria of a Human GPCR Compared between Lipid Vesicles and Aqueous Solutions by Integrative ^<b>19</b>F-NMR

Evaluating land-cover change and land subsidence in coal fire zones: Insights from multi-source monitoring

Coal fires are a significant environmental and geological threat, causing extensive ecological damage and loss of resources. Existing monitoring methods, though effective, have limitations in terms of precision and adaptability. This study integrates multiple monitoring techniques, including remote sensing, thermal infrared imaging, UAV based surveys, and field investigations, to assess the environmental and geological consequences of coal fires. The results indicate that: 1) Vegetation cover in the affected regions decreased from 0.43 to 0.38 between 2017 and 2024, with Fire Zone 1 showing minimal recovery and Fire Zone 3 exhibiting moderate improvement, though the overall low vegetation area expanded due to ongoing fires; 2) The Remote Sensing Ecological Index (RSEI) declined from 0.41 to 0.38, with poor-rated areas increasing significantly, particularly in Fire Zone 3, reflecting the ongoing degradation of ecological conditions caused by both fire activity and climate factors; 3) The Flat Spectral Shape Index (FSSI) showed stability, but fluctuations in the areas with moderate and high probability of exposed coal, especially in Fire Zone 3, pointed to the expanding fire footprint and worsening ecological degradation; 4) Surface subsidence varied considerably, with Fire Zone 3 experiencing the most severe subsidence, indicating unstable geological conditions exacerbated by fire activity. The study underscores the importance of continuous monitoring and effective disaster risk management strategies. Despite localized improvements in soil potassium levels, coal fires have caused significant declines in soil nutrients and moisture content. This research contributes to the development of more effective strategies for managing coal fire impacts and supporting ecological restoration efforts in affected regions.

Structure and Synthesizability of Iron–Sulfur Metal–Organic Frameworks

Relationship between tobacco use and body mass index- a propensity score matching analysis of an indian National Survey

Background Tobacco and obesity control is among the major health priorities. Previous studies have mixed opinions about their association. The present study was done to investigate the association between Body Mass Index (BMI) and tobacco use (smokers, smokeless tobacco users and dual users) among Indian adults. Methods Secondary analysis of the fifth National Family Health Survey (2019–21) was conducted that included 724,115 women (15–49 years) and 101,839 men (15–54 years). Nutritional status (BMI) was dependent variable. Current tobacco use was primary independent variable. Using sampling weights, bivariate analysis assessed the association, the determinants were explored using the binary logistic multinomial regression. Propensity Score Matching (PSM) was employed using STATA software to control for potential confounding and strengthen causal inference. Results Weighted prevalence of overweight/obesity and underweight was 38.17%, and 18.05%. Underweight prevalence was highest in smokeless tobacco users (17.09%). Overweight/obesity was highest among smokers (41.62%). Compared to non-users, tobacco users had higher odds of being underweight (AOR: 1.2; 95% CI: 1.2–1.2) and lower odds of being overweight (0.9; 0.9–0.9). PSM confirmed the BMI lower effect of Tobacco (ATT: 0.159), with a non-significant impact on overweight/obesity (ATT: -0.360). Conclusions We present clear evidence that tobacco use, especially smokeless forms, is significantly associated with undernutrition among Indian adults, while its impact on overweight/obesity remains minimal, which otherwise was more common in smokers. The findings clarify the previously mixed evidence and highlight the nutritional impact of tobacco, reinforcing the need for integrated interventions targeting both tobacco cessation and nutritional improvement.

Construction of Atomic-Scale Compressive Strain for Oxime Electrosynthesis

Unveiling the carbon-reduction potential of data sharing: A quasi-experimental investigation of public data open platforms in Chinese cities

Existing research predominantly delves into the environmental governance performance of the digital economy, ignoring the latent values of data factors. Public Data Open Platforms (PDOPs) have released vast amounts of public data, fostering high-level applications of data across multiple industries and domains. By employing panel data from 281 cities in China spanning 2006–2021, we empirically verify the impact of PDOPs on city-level carbon reduction, supported by various robustness tests, including the PSM-DID and placebo tests. Moreover, we emphasize that promoting green technology innovation and optimizing resource allocation efficiency are pivotal pathways through which PDOPs can enhance their carbon reduction effects. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that cities with more advanced digital infrastructure and higher market integration experience a more pronounced carbon reduction impact from PDOPs. Additionally, resource-abundant cities benefit more from PDOPs’ carbon reduction effects than resource-scarce ones.

Odd–Even Effects of Linear Alkyl-Based Organic Spacers for Efficient Charge Transport in Two-Dimensional Dion–Jacobson Tin Perovskites

Viscoelastic cell model of sorting in the dictyostelium discoideum slug

Cell sorting and differential motion are key processes in the life cycle of Dictyostelium discoideum (Dd) and many other organisms. Here we develop a mathematical model and investigate the processes with computer simulations. The slug stage of Dd is modeled with ellipsoidal cells of two types which have viscoelastic properties. Using the force-based model we find that when the two cell types have different strengths of motive forces and or different degrees of directionality one cell type sorts to the front of the slug. These findings are consistent with previously published results using a different model formation. When one cell type is more directed than the other it will consistently sort to the front of the slug. Likewise, but less efficiently, when one cell type exerts greater motive forces than the other it will sort to the front of the slug. The most efficient and robust cell sorting due to differential motion is when both methods are employed.

A Writhed Möbius Nanobelt Derived from [7]Helicene

Examining the impact of maternal experiences of domestic violence on the mental health of their adolescent children in India

Background Domestic violence (DV) is experienced by one in three women in India and is linked to poor mental health outcomes. We hypothesize that maternal experiences of DV can have negative impacts on the mental health of their children. Previous studies have demonstrated this link in Western countries, however culturally specific manifestations of DV and mental health disorders and socio-cultural differences in parent-child relationships and home environments necessitate deeper understanding of the impacts of maternal experiences of DV on children in the Indian context. Methods This study presents a secondary analysis of data collected from a seven-center study in urban and rural India examining mental health disorders among adolescents aged 12–17 years and psychological, physical, and sexual abuse affecting their mothers. The Indian Family Violence and Control Scale (IFVCS) was used to examine experiences of DV among mothers and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview–Kid (MINI-Kid) was used to examine mental health outcomes among adolescents. Multivariate analyses examined the associations between maternal DV and adolescent mental disorders. Results Data from 2,784 adolescent-mother pairs were analyzed. In bivariate analyses, maternal experiences of physical, psychological, and sexual abuse were significantly associated with adolescent common mental disorders including anxiety and depression (p &lt; 0.05). After adjusting for adolescent gender, site, and education status in the multivariate analysis, physical, sexual, and any DV were significantly associated with adolescent anxiety disorders and common mental disorders. Physical abuse was significantly associated with adolescent depressive disorders. Conclusions These results suggest that exposure to maternal DV significantly impacts adolescent mental health in India and underscore the need to develop trauma-informed school programs and enhance DV prevention for women in India.

Engineering Recombinant Chimeric Proteins That Deliver Therapies to the Brain

Numerical solutions of a fractional order SEIR epidemic model of measles under Caputo fractional derivative

Measles is a highly contagious illness that can spread throughout a population based on the number of susceptible or infected individuals as well as their social dynamics within the society. The measles epidemic is thought to be controlled for the suffering population using the susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered (SEIR) epidemic model, which depicts the direct transmission of infectious diseases. To better explain the measles epidemics, we provided a nonlinear time fractional model of the disease. The solution of SEIR is obtained by using the Caputo fractional derivative operator of order μ∈(0,1]. The Homotopy perturbation transform method (HPTM) and Yang transform decomposition methodology (YTDM) have been employed to obtain the numerical solution of the time fractional model. Obtaining numerical findings in the form of a fast-convergent series significantly improves the proposed techniques accuracy. The behaviour of the approximate series solution for several fractional orders is shown graphically which are derived through Maple. A graphic representation of the behaviours of susceptible, exposed, infected, and recovered individuals are shown at different fractional order values. Figures that depict the behaviour of the projected model are used to illustrate the developed results. Finally, the present work may help you predict the behaviour of the real-world models in the wild class with respect to the model parameters. It was found that the majority of patients who receive therapy join the recovered class when various epidemiological classes were simulated at the effect of fractional parameter μ. These approaches shows to be one of the most efficient methods to solve epidemic models and control infectious diseases.

Anti-biopassivated Reticular Micromotors for Bladder Cancer Therapy

Feeding infant formula with low sn-2 palmitate causes changes in newborn’s intestinal environments through an increase in fecal soaped palmitic acid

Background/Objectives Soaped palmitic acid (PA) has been reported to be excreted in stool after feeding infant formulas containing low sn-2 palmitate levels, which corresponds to high sn-1 or -3 palmitate levels. While an in vitro study showed that soaped PA inhibits the Bifidobacteria growth, few clinical studies have evaluated effects of soaped PA on intestinal environments of infants. In this study, we aimed to evaluate associations between increased fecal soaped PA levels and inhibition of growth of the intestinal microbiome using clinical data, and to evaluate changes in the intestinal environment with formula-feeding. Methods This study was conducted as a secondary analysis to our observational study of Japanese 1-month-old infants (n = 172). Infant formulas were classified into high sn-2 formula (≥ 50%) and low sn-2 formula (&lt; 50%) according to the sn-2 binding ratio of PA. Multiple regression analyses and path analysis were performed as statistical analyses. Results In the multiple regression analysis, the occupancy of Bifidobacteria was negatively correlated with the fecal soaped PA levels (β = −0.15, 95% confidence interval = −0.28– − 0.02). A path analysis suggested that low sn-2 formula feeding led to increased fecal soaped PA levels, decreased Bifidobacteria occupancy, and finally increased fecal pH. Conclusions Our clinical data showed significant associations between higher fecal soaped PA levels and lower Bifidobacteria occupancy in the newborn gut, which agreed well with the report of the in vitro study. Our study also suggests that feeding infant formula with low sn-2 palmitate causes changes in the intestinal environment through an increase in fecal soaped palmitic acids.