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Reliability assessment model for multiple stress factors accelerated degradation test using a Wiener process with random effects

In practical applications, products are usually exposed to multiple stress factors (including environmental stresses and operating stresses) simultaneously. However, existing work on accelerated degradation test mainly focuses on the case of a single stress factor. This motivates the need to develop a reliability assessment model for accelerated degradation test involving multiple stress factors. Therefore, this paper proposes a Wiener process-based accelerated degradation test model that simultaneously considers multiple stress factors, random effects and measurement errors. Then the explicit expression for the lifetime distribution under normal operating conditions of the proposed Wiener accelerated degradation test model is obtained, along with its approximate mean lifetime. In addition, the maximum likelihood estimates of model parameters are derived using the profile likelihood approach, and maximum likelihood estimates for some reliability metrics under normal operating conditions are also obtained. Besides, we construct confidence intervals for model parameters and some reliability metrics using the bias-corrected and accelerated percentile bootstrap method. Finally, the performance of the proposed method is demonstrated by extensive simulation studies, and a numerical example.

Vacancy and Dopant Co‐Constructed Active Microregion in Ru–MoO ₃₋ <i> _x </i> /Mo ₂ AlB ₂ for Enhanced Acidic Hydrogen Evolution

Abstract Accurate identification of catalytic active regions is crucial for the rational design and construction of hydrogen evolution catalysts as well as the targeted regulation of their catalytic performance. Herein, the low crystalline‐crystalline hybrid MoO 3− x /Mo 2 AlB 2 with unsaturated coordination and rich defects is taken as the precursor. Through the Joule heating reaction, the Ru‐doped MoO 3− x /Mo 2 AlB 2 catalyst is successfully constructed. Building on the traditional view that individual atoms or vacancies act as active sites, this article innovatively proposes the theory that vacancies and doped atoms synergistically construct active microregions, and multiple electron‐rich O atoms within the active microregions jointly serve as hydrogen evolution active sites. Based on X‐ray absorption fine structure analysis and first‐principles calculations, there is a strong electron transfer among Ru atoms, Mo atoms, and O atoms, leading to extensive O atoms with optimized electronic structure in the active microregions. These O atoms exhibit an H * adsorption free energy close to zero, thereby enhancing the catalytic activity for hydrogen evolution. This work provides a brand‐new strategy for the design and preparation of electrocatalytic materials and the systematic regulation of the local electronic structure of catalysts.

Association between bicarbonate levels and mortality among acute respiratory distress syndrome patients: An analysis based on Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care database

Objective This study explored the association between serum bicarbonate levels and mortality risk among patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods This was a retrospective cohort study utilizing data extracted from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC)-IV database. Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic splines (RCS) were deployed for elucidating the association between the baseline bicarbonate levels and the risk of 28-day mortality while utilizing the Kaplan-Meier method to estimate survival curves, with hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Subgroup analyses were conducted based on age, gender, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score, ARDS severity and bicarbonate administration. Results Totally, 6,377 patients (15.38% deaths) were included. Baseline bicarbonate was significantly associated with 28-day mortality (HR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.97–1.00, P = 0.011) in patients with ARDS. This association was particularly evident in female patients (HR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.14–1.87, P = 0.003), those with a CCI of 2 or higher (HR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.05–1.53, P = 0.013), among those with a PaO2/FiO2 ratio ranging from 200 to 300 mmHg (HR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.08–1.78, P = 0.011), and those without bicarbonate administration (HR = 1.26, 95%CI: 1.07–1.48, P = 0.004), where bicarbonate levels falling below 23 mEq/L were linked to a heightened risk of not surviving the first 28 days in ARDS patients. RCS analysis revealed that the bicarbonate levels were non-linear associated with the 28-day mortality in ARDS patients (P for non-linear &lt;0.001). Conclusion Lower serum bicarbonate levels are significantly associated with an increased 28-day mortality risk in ARDS patients, with particular emphasis on female patients, those with higher CCI scores, and those with milder ARDS. Baseline bicarbonate levels of ARDS patients in ICU have certain clinical reference value for the development of clinical management and the assessment of prognostic risk during the ICU admission.

Bridging and bonding: The roles of brokerage and closure in mobilizing support provision in online support groups

Social capital theory suggests that network structure influences human behavior. Based on this premise, this study investigates how two distinct network structures—brokerage and closure—affect support provision in Online Support Groups (OSGs). Twelve years of data were collected from an online cancer community based in South Korea. Using computational methods, we measured support behaviors, network structures, and social capital. The findings reveal that brokers, through exposure to non-redundant information, provide social support in larger volumes, with higher quality, and in a more timely manner. While closure has limited explanatory power for overall support behaviors, it specifically facilitates provision of improved quality of emotional support through one’s enhanced trust. Additionally, the results highlight the importance of recognizing the dynamic developmental stages of OSGs to fully understand the social mechanisms driving support provision. These findings offer significant insights into the mobilization of social support through network structures in the OSG context.

Awareness about cervical cancer and its socio-economic determinants among adults in Bangladesh: Results from a nationwide cross-sectional study

Cervical cancer is a major global health issue now and is the second leading cancer among women in Bangladesh, caused primarily by Human papillomavirus (HPV). Despite effective vaccination and screening methods, awareness and access to preventive methods are limited in developing regions. This nationwide study aims to explore socio-economic and cultural factors affecting cervical cancer awareness in Bangladesh and generate evidence-based recommendations for tailoring suitable health promotion strategies for the country. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Bangladesh to evaluate cervical cancer awareness among adults aged 18 years and above. A semi-structured questionnaire was designed for this research, keeping in mind the local sociocultural contexts. Face-to-face interviews were conducted after getting the participants’ consent and making sure they understood all the questions. After checking for data quality and consistency, responses of 2,151 participants were finally retained. The collected data was analyzed using STATA (Version 17) statistical software. The majority (80.15%) of the participants were aware of cervical cancer, with healthcare workers being the primary source of information. Higher awareness rates were noted among married individuals (80.88%), urban dwellers (83.24%), those with more education (average 11.96 ± 4.36 years), individuals with higher income (88.17%), and those belonging to nuclear families (82.86%). Healthcare professionals had significantly greater awareness (98.91%) compared to other occupations. Participants undergoing regular health checkups were more informed and the association was statistically significant (87.03%, p &lt; 0.001). Univariate and multiple logistic regression models revealed that each additional year of education increased the probability of being aware by 16−20%. Men had significantly lower odds of being aware compared to women (Adjusted Odds Ratio AOR = 0.41, β = −0.895, 95% CI: 0.23 to 0.70, p = 0.001 in the multiple logistic regression analysis). Similarly, respondents not cohabitating with their spouse were less aware than those who were living with partners (AOR = 0.47, β = −0.750, 95% CI: 0.28 to 0.81, p = 0.006). Income levels conversely influenced awareness level, participants from the highest income group (earning 35,001−50,000 BDT) had 47% lower odds (AOR = 0.53, β = −0.629, 95% CI: 0.36 to 0.80, p = 0.002) of awareness compared to the lowest income group (earning ≤20,000 BDT). Despite the widespread awareness of cervical cancer among most Bangladeshi adults, there remains a notable gap, particularly among certain demographics. Since the study identified healthcare workers, social media, and mass media as major sources of information, targeted educational campaigns through media channels and outreach activities by healthcare workers might effectively enhance nationwide awareness of cervical cancer.

Correction: Design and development of an irrigation monitoring and control system based on blynk internet of things and thingspeak

Association between mental illness and disciplinary confinement and its effect on mental health: A systematic review and meta-analysis

The use of disciplinary confinement (DC) as a form of punishment in detention raises international attention and many concerns that have led to the elaboration of several studies. However, as studies report mixed results regarding the risk of DC placement for mentally ill inmates and the possibility of psychological effects from exposure to DC, it was necessary to shed some light in order to better guide future decisions, policies and programs in detention. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the risk of inmates with mental disorders being placed into disciplinary confinement and its effect on mental health. A systematic search of studies was performed in PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The meta-analysis was conducted using random-effects models. Heterogeneity among study point estimates was assessed with Q statistics and quantified with the I2 index. Publication bias was assessed using Egger’s test. Quality assessment was based on the GRADE Checklist for observational studies. Guidelines from Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) were followed. First, a meta-analysis of five articles including 27,455 inmates showed that incarcerated individuals with a mental disorder were 1.23 times (OR=1.23, CI = 1.10; 1.38) more likely to be placed in DC than incarcerated individuals without a mental disorder. Notably, having a severe mental disorder (OR=1.31, p &lt; 0.001), a personality disorder (OR=1.66, p &lt; 0.001), and having previously received mental health services (OR=1.16, p = 0.024) increased the risk of being placed in DC. Secondly, a systematic review of six articles, including 171,300 inmates, showed more psychological distress, psychiatric symptoms (self-harm, thought disorders, obsessive-compulsive symptoms), need for mental health services, and hospitalizations in DC than in the general correctional population. Considering the increased risk of placement in DC for incarcerated persons with a mental disorder and its deleterious effect on mental state, it is essential that new safe interventions to manage these inmates are created to limit the use of DC and offer them proper mental health care. These results align with the ongoing concerns regarding the use of DC in correctional settings, which has raised widespread international attention on public health and human rights, and they provide critical insights for policy reforms and better practices in correctional facilities worldwide.

Redox‐Controlled, Sequential Self‐Sorting of Supramolecular Assemblies in Model Protocells

Abstract Self‐sorting of cellular components is essential for maintaining order and function in living systems, enabling complex processes to operate seamlessly. Emulating such self‐sorting in synthetic self‐assembly, however, has conventionally relied on structural or chirality mismatches of monomers yielding self‐sorted systems under thermodynamic conditions. In contrast, reaction‐coupled, kinetically controlled self‐assembly, ubiquitous in biological systems, is critical for achieving spatiotemporal characteristics. Extending this principle to temporally self‐sorted synthetic assemblies is key to developing multi‐component biomimetic systems. Herein, we present a strategy towards this direction, to achieve sequential self‐sorting of supramolecular assemblies through differences in the chemical‐reactivity of monomers, coupled to redox‐reactions. This approach exploits the distinct redox potentials of monomers to achieve precise temporal‐control over self‐sorting, while inherent structural mismatches among monomers ensure the kinetic stability of self‐sorted state. Reduction reactions transiently disrupt their assemblies into dormant inactive monomeric states, while subsequent kinetically controlled reassembly occurs via reversible oxidation reactions. Finally, utilizing this sequential self‐sorting, we aim to mimic multicomponent cellular self‐organization by demonstrating the kinetically controlled growth of self‐sorted structures in the presence of model protocells, using lipid vesicles as compartments. Although spatial‐distribution remains non‐selective, the dormant monomeric states facilitate monomer encapsulation and the unprecedented stepwise‐formation of self‐sorted assemblies within model protocells.

Comparative genomics of Lentilactobacillus buchneri reveals strain-level hyperdiversity and broad-spectrum CRISPR immunity against human and livestock gut phages

This study conducted a comparative genomic investigation of 40 strains of Lentilactobacillus buchneri isolated from various environments—including fermented foods, silage, cattle rumen, and the nasopharynx—to identify species-level diversity and assess their CRISPR immunity. An average genome size of 2.55 ± 0.07 Mb, a GC content of 44.18 ± 0.15%, and 2444 ± 83 coding sequences were identified. Prophages were found in all strains except for two, while 17 strains contained plasmids. No genes associated with bacteriocins were identified. CRISPR analysis revealed the presence of 42 Type II-A and 45 Type I-E systems, with each strain having at least one Type II-A system (~ 2 systems per strain). Among the 33 tested strains, 29 encoded complete LbCas9 proteins, consisting of 1371 amino acids. In-silico analysis of PAM in Type II-A systems revealed a 5’-DNAWDHV-3’ motif, with a noted preference for 5’-AAAA-3’ at positions 3–6. The spacers found in CRISPR arrays targeted proteins involved in plasmid mobilization as well as components of phage tails, indicating their roles in inhibiting horizontal gene transfer and providing defense against phages. Remarkably, 27 spacers from 24 strains were found to match phages associated with human gut microbiomes, with several showing the ability to cross-target phages from livestock, kefir, and wastewater. This research expands the genomic understanding of L. buchneri from 10 to 40 genomes, uncovering the dynamics of CRISPR-phage co-evolution. The defined PAM preferences of the identified CRISPR systems, together with the broad predicted target range of their spacers, highlight their potential for biotechnological applications—most notably targeted CRISPRization of L. buchneri strains and in-silico-guided phage control during fermentation. These findings deepen our understanding of the ecological adaptability of L. buchneri and provide a foundation for future industrial exploitation of its native CRISPR immunity.

Severe cutaneous adverse reactions associated with second-generation androgen receptor antagonists in prostate cancer patients

Prostate cancer ranks as the second most prevalent cancer among men, with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) being a cornerstone treatment strategy. Enzalutamide, apalutamide, and darolutamide are key examples of second-generation androgen receptor antagonists (SGARAs). Although severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs) are infrequent, they carry a significant risk of mortality. This study employed four disproportionality analysis algorithms: Reporting Odds Ratio (ROR), Proportional Reporting Ratio (PRR), Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Network (BCPNN), and Multi-item Gamma Poisson Shrinker (MGPS) to investigate the potential link between SGARAs and SCARs. As of the second quarter of 2024, reports of SCARs related to enzalutamide, apalutamide, and darolutamide totaled 25, 77, and 1, respectively. The majority of reports came from elderly patients, predominantly reported by health professionals, with Japan and the USA being the primary reporting countries. SCARs related to apalutamide detected positive signals in all four algorithms, while enzalutamide and darolutamide did not show positive signals. The study indicated that the majority of onset times occurred within 37 days, but SCARs could still occur up to 176 days with enzalutamide and 126 days after apalutamide treatment. No onset time was reported for darolutamide. In the treatment of prostate cancer with SGARAs, there is a potential risk of SCARs. When different SGARAs were compared, SCARs were more frequently reported with apalutamide than enzalutamide and darolutamide. This indicates that patients using SGARAs, particularly apalutamide, require closer and more prolonged monitoring to facilitate the early detection and management of SCARs and to reduce the occurrence of serious outcomes.

Correction: Breastfeeding transition in Oman: A generation shift or a product of social development? A qualitative study on three generations of Omani mothers

<i>Cyclo</i> ‐P ₅ ⁻ Revisited: The Surprisingly Stable Uncoordinated Pentaphospholide Anion

Abstract The addition of [2.2.2]cryptand to alkali metal heptaphosphides M 3 P 7 (M = Na, K) leads to the formation of [M([2.2.2]cryptand)][ cyclo ‐P 5 ] salts. Although the cyclo ‐P 5 − anion is spectroscopically known since the 1980s, it was so far prepared and handled only in solution. By complexing the alkali metal cation with [2.2.2]cryptand, the product was found to be surprisingly stable in the solid state. Cyclo ‐P 5 − , which is isolobal to the well‐known cyclopentadienide anion, was now characterized crystallographically for the first time in its uncoordinated form and in the presence of the weakly coordinating cations [M(2.2.2‐cryptand)] + (M = Na, K). The structural elucidation proves its planar D 5   h symmetry, not only as ligand in different sandwich complexes but also in its uncoordinated form. C yclo ‐P 5 − was further characterized by UV/Visis spectroscopy in solution and in the solid state by Raman and 31 P MAS NMR spectroscopy. The reaction of [Na([2.2.2]cryptand)][ cyclo ‐P 5 ] with LiCp* and FeCl 2 yields the ferrocene derivative [Cp*Fe( cyclo ‐P 5 )].

An Immediate Bacterial‐Responsive Supramolecular Thio‐Naphthalene Diimide: A Real‐Time NIR‐II Photothermal Anti‐Bacterial

Abstract A new kind of supramolecular thio‐naphthalene diimide (SNDI) which can be immediately reduced as supramolecular radical anion by bacteria is reported. The introduction of thiocarbonyl effectively elevates the reduction potential of SNDI, largely increasing the bacteria‐response speed in hypoxia. It selectively distinguishes the bacteria with high and low reduction ability in real time. The host–guest complexation of SNDI and cucurbit[7]uril can enhance radical anion quantum yield, ensuring intense NIR‐II absorption and realizing high photothermal conversion. The real‐time NIR‐II photothermal anti‐bacteria is successfully carried out. This development will enrich the design of bio‐responsive agent with promising future towards actual application.

An update on health literacy dimensions: An umbrella review

Awareness of the value of health literacy has grown significantly in recent years, with the concept increasingly integrated within public health policy, research and practice, and notably, more commonly being explored in a systems approach to health promotion. The concept does however appear to be constantly evolving, with various iterations of definitions being used. As such, there is a need to review and update understanding of health literacy’s core components. This umbrella review aims to provide a contemporary understanding of health literacy and its dimensions. Searches were conducted between July and August 2023 across three databases, and 784 studies were identified and screened, with nine systematic reviews identified for extraction. All included systematic review articles aimed to conceptualise or define health literacy. Following a quality assessment, using the AMSTAR-2, inductive analysis was carried out to map specific health literacy dimensions identified in each included study to previously identified health literacy clusters. The findings of this umbrella review highlight the ever-evolving nature of the concept of health literacy; the responsibility placed on the individual to develop and maintain adequate health literacy. Despite the relatively poor reporting quality of many of the review articles included, the findings from this umbrella review point to the difficulty in developing tools to comprehensively measure health literacy, and critically, how to effectively improve health literacy at both an individual and populational level.

A green dichromophoric protein enabling foliage mimicry in arthropods

Molecular mechanisms underlying the green insect camouflage have puzzled researchers for over a century. Here, we isolated and identified a green water-soluble protein from the integument of bush-cricket Tettigonia cantans . De novo sequencing and cloning revealed a severely fragmented form of vitellogenins, ubiquitous and multifunctional, but still largely enigmatic glycolipoproteins essential for embryonic development and lacking structural characterization. The distinctive color of the identified chromoprotein results from binding of a remarkable combination of farnesylated bilins (recently identified, tentative heme A catabolites) and xanthophylls, which commensurably absorb light in the 600 to 700 nm and 400 to 550 nm spectral regions and thereby produce a hue that perfectly mimics foliage. The high-resolution crystal structure of this unique ~80 kDa dichromophoric protein, which we named “dibilinoxanthinin” (DBXN), revealed two DBXN protomers, each consisting of three polypeptides, with a novel fold enclosing a large hydrophobic cavity that accommodates two bilins, two luteins, and four phosphatidylcholines, all anchored by hydrogen bonds and giving DBXN unique biochemical and optical properties. Among the green insects tested, some contained yellow and blue chromophores in separate fractions, while others had green proteins similar to DBXN, although not necessarily of the same size. Surprisingly, we isolated and identified a larger vitellogenin proteoform with DBXN-like absorption, from the green huntsman spider Micrommata virescens . These data illustrate striking variations in the DBXN-related pigmentation mechanism among different green arthropods and suggest that vitellogenins may have undergone neofunctionalization, reflecting their potential for functional diversification.

Redox‐Mediated Lithium Recovery From Spent LiFePO ₄ Stabilizes Ferricyanide Catholyte for Durable Zinc‐Ferricyanide Flow Batteries

Abstract The scarcity of lithium resources and the increasing volume of spent lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) exacerbate the imbalance between lithium supply and demand. The development of efficient recovery strategies of valuable lithium ion (Li + ) from spent LIBs and their subsequent utilization presents both significant opportunities and challenges. Here, we propose an innovative approach for Li + recovery from spent lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 ) batteries (LFPs) and its subsequent utilization in alkaline zinc‐ferricyanide flow batteries (AZFFBs). Utilizing a redox‐mediated reaction, we achieve exceptional Li + recovery efficiency from spent LFPs. Furthermore, the recovered Li + in solution leads to the elevated ionic strength in the electrolyte, enhancing the concentration of [Fe(CN) 6 ] 4− to a remarkable level of 1.74 M. Utilizing the above catholyte, an AZFFB cell demonstrates the cycling life extending to 11 000 cycles with a degradation rate as low as 0.00019% per cycle and 0.09% per day at a current density of 120 mA cm −2 . This study introduces a straightforward and efficient protocol that eliminates additional intermediate processes, achieving effective Li + recovery from spent LFPs and subsequent utilization in flow batteries. The resulting AZFFB exhibits high energy density and long lifespan, positioning it as a promising candidate for large‐scale energy storage solutions.

Comparing UNet configurations for anthropogenic geomorphic feature extraction from land surface parameters

The application of deep learning for semantic segmentation has revolutionized image analysis, particularly in the geospatial and medical fields. UNet, an encoder-decoder architecture, has been suggested to be particularly effective. However, limitations such as small sample sizes and class imbalance in anthropogenic geomorphic feature extraction tasks have necessitated the exploration of advanced modifications to improve model performance. This study investigates a variety of architectural modifications to base UNet including replacing the rectified linear unit (ReLU) activation function with leaky ReLU or swish; incorporating residual connections within the encoder blocks, decoder blocks, and bottleneck; inserting squeeze and excitation modules into the encoder or attention gate modules along the skip connections; replacing the default bottleneck layer with one that incorporates dilated convolution; and using a MobileNetV2 architecture as an encoder backbone. Unique geomorphic datasets derived from high spatial resolution lidar data were used to evaluate the performance of these modified UNet architectures on the tasks of mapping agricultural terraces, mine benches, and valley fill faces. The results were further analyzed across varying training sample sizes (50, 100, 250, 500, and the full training set). Our results suggest that the incorporation of advanced modules can enhance segmentation performance, particularly in scenarios involving limited training data or complex geomorphic landscapes. However, differences were minimal when larger training set sizes were used (e.g., above 500 image chips) and the base UNet architecture was generally adequate. This research contributes valuable insights into the optimization of UNet-based models for anthropogenic geomorphic feature extraction and provides a foundation for future work aimed at improving the accuracy and efficiency of deep learning approaches in geospatial applications. We argue that one of the positive attributes of UNet is that it can be treated as a general framework that can easily be modified.

Remote Spin‐Center Shift Enables Activation of Distal Benzylic C─O and C─N Bonds

Abstract A spin‐center shift (SCS) is a radical process that commonly involves a 1,2‐radical shift along with the elimination of an adjacent leaving group by a two‐electron ionic movement. The conventional SCS process is largely limited to 1,2‐radical translocation, while a remote SCS event involving 1, n ‐radical translocation over a greater distance to enable distal bond functionalization remains largely underexplored. Herein, we report the boryl radical‐promoted distal deoxygenation and deamination of free benzylic alcohols and simple benzylic amines, respectively, through a remote SCS event. The reaction was initiated by the addition of a 4‐dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP)‐boryl radical to the carbonyl oxygen atom of a benzoate or benzamide. Then, radical translocation took place across the aromatic ring to promote benzylic C─O or C─N bond cleavage. The resulting radical intermediate subsequently coupled with various alkenes to afford a wide range of alkylated products. The proposed mechanistic pathway was supported by experimental investigations.

Association between optical coherence tomography and functionally severe stenosis assessed by quantitative flow ratio in coronary intermediate lesions

Background Stenosis severity for an intermediate coronary lesion (ICL) demands comprehensive assessment methods. The relationship between optical coherence tomography (OCT) and coronary stenosis evaluated by quantitative flow ratio (QFR) remains to be discussed. Objective To investigate the association between OCT parameters and coronary functionally significant stenosis identified by QFR in patients with ICL. Methods A total of 113 patients with 115 target vessels were assessed using both OCT and QFR measurements for ICL. ICL was defined as a coronary lesion according to visual estimation with a diameter stenosis between 50% and 90%. Functional relevance stenosis was considered severe when QFR ≤ 0.80. Results The mean age of the included patients was 62.2 years, and the overall median QFR was 0.82. The mean minimal lumen area (MLA) and area stenosis (AS) assessed by OCT were 3.11 mm2 and 68.4%, respectively. According to the cut-off value of QFR = 0.80, the vessels with hemodynamic ischemia (n = 55) or without ischemia (n = 60) were grouped. OCT-measured MLA and AS exhibited a moderate diagnostic value with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.83 (95% CI 0.75 to 0.90) for MLA and 0.87 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.94) for AS, respectively. The optimal cutoff value exhibited by OCT-measured anatomical parameters for identifying coronary stenosis, represented by QFR ≤ 0.80 was 2.52 mm2 (sensitivity 71%, specificity 85%) for MLA and 69% (sensitivity 84%, specificity 78%) for AS. Subsequently, AS measured by QFR and OCT were evaluated using linear regression analysis, revealing a good correlation (r = 0.79, p&lt;0.001). Conclusions Intraluminal anatomical parameters obtained by OCT showed moderate diagnostic value for predicting the functional ischemia evaluated by QFR. Additionally, QFR may offer a rapid and simple method to assess area stenosis in coronary intermediate lesions.

Late‐Stage Cross‐Electrophile Coupling of Arylthianthrenium Salts with (Hetero)aryl (Pseudo)halides via Palladium Catalysis

Abstract Herein, we present a cross‐coupling reaction of arylthianthrenium salts at a late stage with diverse (hetero)aryl (pseudo)halides under reductive conditions, in which a palladium(0) catalyst differentiates between two aryl electrophiles based on the different rates of oxidative addition of arylthianthrenium salts and aryl halides for selective umpolung. A measured near‐zero Hammett rho value is consistent with oxidative addition of the arylthianthrenium salts to palladium(0) being insensitive to substituent effects, which enables reaction with structurally and electronically diverse arylthianthrenium salts. In addition, we show the robustness of this method by coupling of two complex fragments that would otherwise be difficult to access in a single step.