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Correction: Sound garden: How snakes respond to airborne and groundborne sounds
The law of flowing water grouting travel and sedimentary plugging under the influence of many factors
Abstract Engineers face significant challenges in determining the grouting parameters and evaluation criteria for environments with flowing water, which has become an urgent matter of concern. Due to the intricate nature of grouting flow and diffusion in practical grouting engineering, numerous fluid-related issues cannot be effectively resolved solely through theoretical analysis or the direct application of fundamental equations. Therefore, it is necessary to employ experimental methods to visually assess and explain these phenomena. In this study, a unique dynamic water grouting test equipment based on 3D printing was designed to evaluate the dynamic grouting travel in cracked rock with flowing water. The influences of fractal dimension, water flow rate, grouting flow rate, and water–cement ratio on the grouting diffusion properties of fractured rock with flowing water were extensively explored. The test demonstrates that the migration and diffusion of grout in the finite boundary fracture can be split into two stages, namely, the circumferent diffusion stage without lateral boundary and the boundary diffusion stage. According to each working circumstance, the diffusion patterns in the process of grouting water plugging are categorized into three types: cross-section, comet, and elongated streamline. A stagnant flow zone was developed in the valley region of the fracture, in which additional particles were deposited. High shear stress was distributed toward the apex area, where few particles were deposited. The experimental results corroborated these observations. The study of the range of grouting diffusion and transport patterns in 3D rough fissures can provide useful insights and guidance for the selection of grouting parameters in grouting engineering practice.
Utility of binding protein fusions to immunoglobulin heavy chain constant regions from mammalian and avian species
Correction: Individual and community-level determinants of knowledge of obstetric danger signs among women in Southern Ethiopia: A multi-level mixed effect negative binomial analysis
Author Correction: Improved control of multi terminal direct current voltage source converters using proportional integral and lead lag controllers
Carbohydrate deacetylase, a key enzyme in oxidative chitin degradation, is evolutionarily linked to amino acid deacetylase
A human iPSC-derived midbrain neural stem cell model of prenatal opioid exposure and withdrawal: A proof of concept study
A growing body of clinical literature has described neurodevelopmental delays in infants with chronic prenatal opioid exposure and withdrawal. Despite this, the mechanism of how opioids impact the developing brain remains unknown. Here, we developed an in vitro model of prenatal morphine exposure and withdrawal using healthy human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived midbrain neural progenitors in monolayer. To optimize our model, we identified that a longer neural induction and regional patterning period increases expression of canonical opioid receptors mu and kappa in midbrain neural progenitors compared to a shorter protocol (OPRM1, two-tailed t-test, p = 0.004; OPRK1, p = 0.0003). Next, we showed that the midbrain neural progenitors derived from a longer iPSC neural induction also have scant toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression, a key player in neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome pathophysiology. During morphine withdrawal, differentiating neural progenitors experience cyclic adenosine monophosphate overshoot compared to cell exposed to vehicle (p = 0.0496) and morphine exposure conditions (p, = 0.0136, 1-way ANOVA). Finally, we showed that morphine exposure and withdrawal alters proportions of differentiated progenitor cell fates (2-way ANOVA, F = 16.05, p < 0.0001). Chronic morphine exposure increased proportions of nestin positive progenitors (p = 0.0094), and decreased proportions of neuronal nuclear antigen positive neurons (NEUN) (p = 0.0047) compared to those exposed to vehicle. Morphine withdrawal decreased proportions of glial fibrillary acidic protein positive cells of astrocytic lineage (p = 0.044), and increased proportions of NEUN-positive neurons (p < 0.0001) compared to those exposed to morphine only. Applications of this paradigm include mechanistic studies underscoring neural progenitor cell fate commitments in early neurodevelopment during morphine exposure and withdrawal.
A synthesis and quantification method for endogenous metabolites dimethylguanidino valeric acid
Differential association of EphA2 intracellular regions in biased signaling
Change in the prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension among young Indians aged 15–24 years between 2015–16 and 2019–21: Insights from nationally representative surveys
Globally, the prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension among adults in low- and middle-income countries is on the rise. However, the data on young people remains scarce. In this context, we analyzed data from two national-level cross-sectional surveys—NFHS–4, which included 272,966 individuals, and NFHS–5, which included 250,213 individuals—to assess changes in the prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension among young Indians aged 15–24 years. Between 2015–2016 and 2019–2021, the prevalence of prehypertension increased significantly (p < 0.001), rising from 38.9% to 44.5% among men and from 21.1% to 26.9% among women. While hypertension prevalence among men increased from 5.2% to 6.2%, it remained stable at approximately 4.0% among women over the same period. Most states, with a few exceptions, exhibited an increase in prehypertension prevalence across both genders, and more than two-thirds of states also showed an increase in hypertension prevalence among men. High BMI was found to be strongly associated with both prehypertension and hypertension. The rising prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension among young Indians aged 15–24 years is concerning and underscores the urgent need to develop targeted preventive strategies for this age group.
Effect of synthesis method on ammonium sorption behavior of oat husk biochar
Abstract Ammonium is a pollutant commonly detected in various water sources and, in high concentrations, poses significant risks to environmental quality and public health. Numerous techniques have been developed and are currently employed to eliminate pollutants, including ammonium ions, from water. Among these various methods, adsorption has proven to be the most cost-effective and eco-friendly, particularly when utilizing an inexpensive and effective adsorbent. This study aims to determine the optimal method for producing biochar from oat husks, focusing on maximizing ammonium adsorption capacity among three selected preparation techniques. The chosen methods are based on a common combustion process and the use of chemical activators, such as ferrocene and sodium hydroxide. Biochar produced with sodium hydroxide exhibited the highest concentration of oxidized groups, as confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The adsorption kinetics of ammonium via the sodium hydroxide-modified biochar followed the Avrami model. The adsorption isotherms were best described by the Freundlich (R2 > 0.9) and Langmuir (R2 > 0.8) models. The desorption behavior followed a first-order model. According to the Langmuir isotherm, the maximum adsorption capacity of the NaOH-modified biochar was 59.61 mg/g. The method utilizing sodium hydroxide was the most effective at preparing biochar with the highest adsorption capacity, indicating its potential applicability in the remediation of ammonium-contaminated water. This research also establishes a foundation for further investigation into methods for producing biochar with enhanced adsorption capabilities from the same agricultural waste source.
Structural and functional characterization of the extended-diKH domain from the antiviral endoribonuclease KHNYN
Predicting a failure of postoperative thromboprophylaxis in non-small cell lung cancer: A stacking machine learning approach
Background Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its surgery significantly increase the venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk. This study explored the VTE risk factors and established a machine-learning model to predict a failure of postoperative thromboprophylaxis. Methods This retrospective study included patients with NSCLC who underwent surgery between January 2018 and November 2022. The patients were randomized 7:3 to the training and test sets. Nine machine learning models were constructed. The three most predictive machine-learning classifiers were chosen as the first layer of the stacking machine-learning model, and logistic regression was the second layer of the meta-learning model. Results This study included 362 patients, including 58 (16.0%) with VTE. Based on the multivariable logistic regression analysis, age, platelets, D-dimers, albumin, smoking history, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 21 mutation were used to develop the nine machine-learning models. LGBM Classifier, RandomForest Classifier, and GNB were chosen for the first layer of the stacking machine learning model. The area under the received operating characteristics curve (ROC-AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the stacking machine learning model in the training/test set were 0.984/0.979, 0.949/0.954, 0.935/1.000, and 0.958/0.887, respectively. In the validation set, the final stacking machine learning model demonstrated an ROC AUC of 0.983, accuracy of 0.937, sensitivity of 0.978, and specificity of 0.947. The decision curve analyses revealed high benefits. Conclusion The stacking machine learning model based on EGFR mutation and clinical characteristics had a predictive value for postoperative VTE in patients with NSCLC.
Assessing dermal exposure to organochlorine pesticides in different populations of a prototypical agricultural city in South China
Polarization-independent regulation of the subcellular localization of Yes-associated protein 1 during preimplantation development
Venous and arterial thrombosis in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors
Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPi) have been associated with a prothrombotic and pro-atherogenic tendency which could lead to an increased risk of thrombosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of venous and arterial thrombosis (myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke) in patients who used ICPi as compared with the general population. Furthermore, we investigated the association between the occurrence of venous or arterial thrombosis and mortality. Methods Patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors ICPi between January 1, 2013, and May 31, 2020, at the University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands, were included in this study. Indirect standardization was used to compare the incidence rates of venous and arterial thrombosis in patients who used ICPi to the age- and sex weighted incidence rates in the general population. Time-dependent Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to calculate Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs to investigate the association between the occurrence of a venous or arterial event after start of an ICPi and mortality. Results The age- and sex weighted incidence rates in 663 patients who used ICPi as compared to the general population was 22.7-fold (95% CI 16.6–31.0) increased for venous thrombosis, 3.0-fold (95% CI 1.2–7.1) increased for myocardial infarction, and 3.2-fold (95% CI 1.6–5.7) increased for ischemic stroke. After adjustment, the all-cause mortality risk was 2.3-fold (95% CI 1.5–3.5) increased for patients who were diagnosed with venous thrombosis during follow-up and 2.2-fold (95% CI 1.1–4.1) increased for patients who were diagnosed with arterial thrombosis during follow-up as compared with patients without venous or arterial thrombosis during follow-up. Conclusion Patients receiving ICPi have elevated risks of venous thrombosis and arterial thrombosis. Occurrence of venous thrombosis or arterial thrombosis during treatment with ICPi is associated with an increased mortality risk.
Feasibility study on coal based solid waste as a soil additive
Androgen receptor–induced lncRNA SOX2-OT promotes triple-negative breast cancer tumorigenesis via targeting miR-320a-5p–CCR5 axis
Three-dimensional exploration of the chicken embryo, a comparative study of light sheet and histological visualisation
Ultramicroscopy has offered new avenues into the visualisation of tissues within animal models, providing three-dimensional visualisation through the use of light sheet fluorescence microscopy. This study aimed to develop and apply an optical tissue clearing method to investigate the application of light sheet fluorescence microscopy to image late-stage chicken embryos, and compare anatomical visualisation to traditional histological staining. Seventeen-day old specific pathogen free embryos were collected, fixed, and sectioned. Haematoxylin and eosin stained sections were prepared for histology, while light sheet imaging required the tissues to be optically clear. For this, an ethyl cinnamate-based method was utilised, allowing for acquisition of clear, unobstructed three-dimensional images of significant organ structures and systems using only autofluorescence. The use of established histological techniques provided anatomical mapping of structures between familiar histology images and the three-dimensional light sheet images. Rendering of organs using light sheet imaging provided contextual insights into the surrounding tissues and physiological architecture of major organ structures and systems. This was most apparent through the identification of the pulmonary vein and rendering of a volumetric projection of the vasculature branching within the lung and the subsequent merging of vasculature into the left side of the heart. Overall, the visualisation of the chicken embryo was enhanced by combining traditional histology with the information gained by three-dimensional light sheet fluorescence microscopy.