Browse Articles

Assessing heterogeneity in factors influencing three-wheeled motorized rickshaws crash outcomes between weekdays and weekends

Optimization of acid modifier and its effect on the wettability of anthracite coal

A prospective cohort study on prognostic implications of serum platelet derived microparticles levels in acute cerebral infarction

Publisher Correction: Whole genome sequencing of promising Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus strains isolated from Egyptian dairy products for probiotic characteristics

Publisher Correction: Misrepresentation of thermal stability across different oxidation states of copper compounds by SCAN meta-GGA functionals

Problem driven innovation design strategies research for product manufacturing process

Double 3 MJ dense plasma focus for thermonuclear drive inertial confinement fusion

Harnessing Mechanochemistry for Direct Synthesis of Imine-Based Metal–Organic Frameworks

Anisotropic superconductivity in the quasi-one-dimensional superconductor V2Ga5

Chronic starvation induces microglial cell depletion in an activity-based anorexia model

Abstract Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe psychiatric disease with a largely unknown pathophysiology. AN leads to reduced brain volume and a disbalance of the gut microbiome suggesting the involvement of the gut-brain-axis. Also, in the activity-based anorexia (ABA) animal model mimicking AN brain volume loss is observed. This study investigated the impact of chronic starvation on brain cell populations and evaluated the potential protective effects of omega-3 fatty acids (FA) and probiotics in rats. We used a chronic ABA model and provided daily oral supplementation of omega-3 FA and probiotics. Immunohistochemistry and qPCR were used to analyze GFAP-positive astrocytes, IBA1-positive microglia, OLIG1/2-positive oligodendrocytes, MAP2-positive neurons and Ki-67-positive proliferating cells in the cerebral cortex and corpus callosum. We found a significant reduction of astrocytes and microglia in all ABA groups, likely due to reduced proliferating cells. Reduced running wheel activity and reduced amount of food needed to sustain body weight were observed in animals with supplementation with omega-3 FA and probiotics but we did not observe alterations in brain cells that could be attributed to these supplementations. Our results indicate that glial cell depletion potentially underlies the diminished brain volume found in ABA rats. Omega-3 FA and probiotics show potential for reducing AN-related symptoms and merit further study as a therapeutic approach.

Sub-4 nm Ru-RuO₂ Schottky Nanojunction as a Catalyst for Durable Acidic Water Oxidation

Neural network conditioned to produce thermophilic protein sequences can increase thermal stability

Abstract This work presents Neural Optimization for Melting-temperature Enabled by Leveraging Translation (NOMELT), a novel approach for designing and ranking high-temperature stable proteins using neural machine translation. The model, trained on over 4 million protein homologous pairs from organisms adapted to different temperatures, demonstrates promising capability in targeting thermal stability. A designed variant of the Drosophila melanogaster Engrailed Homeodomain shows a melting temperature increase of 15.5 K. Furthermore, NOMELT achieves zero-shot predictive capabilities in ranking experimental melting and half-activation temperatures across a number of protein families. It achieves this without requiring extensive homology data or massive training datasets as do existing zero-shot predictors by specifically learning thermophilicity, as opposed to all natural variation. These findings underscore the potential of leveraging organismal growth temperatures in context-dependent design of proteins for enhanced thermal stability.

Significance and classification of AI-driven techniques in telecommunication sectors based on interval-valued bipolar fuzzy soft aggregation operators

Author Correction: A drug-drug co-amorphous system for highly improved solubility of breviscapine: an experimental and computational study

Intraocular fluid analysis-guided precision therapy in the treatment of acute retinal necrosis syndrome

The influence of socio-economic status on the fulfilment of Saint-Gallen recommendations for early-stage breast cancer

Potential C-terminal domain interactions of the cardiac voltage gated sodium channel

Supermoms—Tired, admired, or inspired? Decoding the impact of supermom beliefs: A study on Indian employed mothers

Some days she is a supermom, some days just a mom, but most days a bit of both, and every day she strives to keep her oath! The study aims to unravel the perceptions and beliefs about ‘being a supermom’ and to explore its relationships with work-related factors. Our study aims to unravel the perceptions and beliefs of 306 Indian-employed mothers about ‘being a supermom’ and its relationship with work-related factors like self-efficacy, work engagement, and psychological well-being. Standardized scales were used for quantitative study and qualitative questions were used to understand the beliefs about the supermom notion. Frequency analysis for the perception of the supermom notion showed that 52% of mothers consider it detrimental to achieving success, while 48% consider it to be beneficial. A path analysis revealed that if the supermom notion is perceived as beneficial, it increases employed mothers’ self-efficacy; self-efficacy promotes work engagement, and work engagement increases psychological well-being. SEM confirmed that self-efficacy increases psychological well-being directly as well as through work engagement indicating partial mediation of work engagement. Findings suggest that while the supermom ideal can be exhausting and is often viewed as a myth or trap that negatively impacts psychological well-being, it can also serve as a source of inspiration and contribute positively to psychological well-being for some mothers.

Fly ash pollution causes morpho-anatomical and biochemical changes in Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms and Pistia stratiotes L: demonstrating stress-tolerant activity

Where the wild bees are: Birds improve indicators of bee richness

Widespread declines in wild bee populations necessitate urgent action, but insufficient data exist to guide conservation efforts. Addressing this data deficit, we investigated the relative performance of environmental and/or taxon-based indicators to predict wild bee richness in the eastern and central U.S. Our methodology leveraged publicly available data on bees (SCAN and GBIF data repositories), birds (eBird participatory science project) and land cover data (USDA Cropland Data Layer). We used a Bayesian variable selection algorithm to select variables that best predicted species richness of bees using two datasets: a semi-structured dataset covering a wide geographical and temporal range and a structured dataset covering a focused extent with a standardized protocol. We demonstrate that birds add value to land cover data as indicators of wild bee species richness across broad geographies, particularly when using semi-structured data. These improvements likely stem from the demonstrated sensitivity of birds to conditions thought to impact bees but that are missed by remotely sensed environmental data. Importantly, this enables estimation of bee richness in places that don’t have direct observations of bees. In the case of wild bees specifically, we suggest that bird and land cover data, when combined, serve as useful indicators to guide monitoring and conservation priorities until the quality and quantity of bee data improve.