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Effect of weekly Plyometric training frequency on Adolescents female basketball players during in-season: A comparison of two vs. four sessions

This study investigated the effects lower vs. higher frequencies of volume-equated plyometric training youth female basketball players. Thirty youth highly trained female basketball players (age, 15.7 ± 0.5 years; body mass, 64.1 ± 8.6 kg; height, 172.8 ± 6.2 cm, basketball training experience 6.3 ± 1.7 years) integrating a youth national development program participated in the study. A parallel-group randomized trial was undertaken to assess the effect of an eight-week plyometric intervention on jumping (counter-movement jump, drop-jump, horizontal jump), running (5 and 20-meter sprint), and change of direction performance. The study compared the outcomes of two versus four volume-equated training sessions per week, followed by a one-week retention period. A Bayesian Mixed Factor ANOVA revealed decisive evidence that the change of direction improved performance between the pre-test and post-test, as well as pre-test and retention. No discernible differences emerged between intervention groups. For the counter-movement jump, moderate evidence supported performance improvements in the 2PLYO group. In drop jump, both groups demonstrated decisive improvements between the pre-test and post-test, with moderate evidence for pre-test and retention, but no group differences were observed. These findings suggest that an 8-week plyometric training program, in both frequencies, leads to significant improvements in change-of-direction, countermovement jump, and drop jump performance among female junior basketball players participating in a youth national development program. However, it remains inconclusive whether a two-day training frequency provides a distinct advantage over four-days. Further research or consideration of additional factors may be necessary to ascertain the optimal training frequency for maximizing benefits.

Quantification of intra-amniotic inflammation in late preterm prelabour rupture of membranes

Quantum stereodynamical control of charge transfer in low-temperature H+ + NO (<i>v</i> = 0, <i>j</i> = 2) collisions

Quantum dynamical calculations are performed to investigate the stereodynamical effects of the collision-induced charge-transfer (CT) between H+ and aligned NO (v = 0, j = 2) molecules at low temperatures. The calculations use the time-dependent wave packet method and are based on the recently reported nonadiabatic PESs [Z. Wang, S. Hou, and C. Xie, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 25, 23808 (2023)]. The results demonstrate that the initial rotational excitation has a minimal effect on the CT process, whereas the reactant alignment significantly affects the rate coefficients and integral cross sections. The highest reaction rates and cross sections occur at the perpendicular alignment, where side-on collisions enhance the CT efficiency, especially at low temperatures. Differential cross sections (DCSs) reveal that parallel alignment promotes forward and backward scattering, while increasing alignment angle β of the molecular bond axes with respect to the collision direction introduces a backward scattering hump at low temperatures. Moreover, constructive quantum interference in the m-dependent DCSs, where m denotes the magnetic projection quantum number, accounts for the enhanced backward scattering at the perpendicular alignment, reflecting the influence of quantum interference on stereodynamical effects during the CT process.

Prevalence of multimorbidity and its relationship with socioeconomic status among Chinese older adults over time

Previous studies linking socioeconomic status (SES) to chronic diseases tended to focus on a single disease. As people age, they are more likely to suffer from multiple coexisting chronic conditions, known as multimorbidity. The study of multimorbidity is one of the key links to understanding the impact of population ageing from a comprehensive perspective. This study used four waves of cross-sectional data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) from 2011 to 2018 to explore the prevalence of multimorbidity and its relationship with socioeconomic status among older adults in China over time. Participants aged 60 and older were selected for analysis. Both the Logistic Regression Model and the Negative Binomial Regression Model were adopted to examine the relationship between socioeconomic status and multimorbidity. The results showed that the prevalence of multimorbidity among older adults in China demonstrated an increasing trend over the years, from 46.16% in 2011 to 57.50% in 2018. A significant association was detected between socioeconomic status and multimorbidity among older adults, which was manifested as the higher the socioeconomic status, the greater the likelihood of being multimorbid. However, the relationship between the two has been changing over time, with the influence of SES on multimorbidity gradually disappearing and then reappearing in the opposite direction. Multimorbidity has become a critical health issue that should not be ignored for older adults in China, and the relationship between socioeconomic status and multimorbidity may be changing over time, which needs to be further explored with data over a longer period of time.

Evaluation of the impact of mandibular symphysis region alterations on profile aesthetics

Selective formation and spectroscopic characterization of the H2CCS•+ radical cation via dissociative ionization of thiophene

The chemistry of sulfur-containing molecules is of significant interest to fields ranging from the combustion of petrochemicals to astrochemistry (with multiple S-containing species unambiguously detected in the interstellar medium or circumstellar shells). Here, infrared predissociation action spectroscopy and mass-analyzed ion kinetic energy spectroscopy measurements of the m/z 58 fragment from the dissociative ionization of thiophene are presented. Comparison is made between these experimental results and ab initio calculations (of both the spectral features and the fragmentation potential energy surface), which allows the fragment to be identified as the H2CCS•+ radical cation. This conclusive identification addresses long-standing questions about the dissociative ionization of thiophene. The findings will enable further spectroscopic measurements and reactivity studies to be conducted, allowing H2CCS•+ to be incorporated into models of astrochemical environments.

Individual action, sharing scarce resources, sharing information? A study on how to effectively manage forest pests and diseases based on carbon trading

In recent years, forest pests and diseases have had a significant impact on forest ecosystems. To incentivize corporations to manage forest pests and diseases, the government provides certain carbon compensations to enterprises involved in this management. In the process of controlling forest pests and diseases, the modes of collaboration between the government and corporations are primarily categorized into three modes: independent action, scarce resource sharing, and information sharing. To determine the applicability of each relational mode, this paper constructs three differential game models and compares and analyzes the equilibrium results obtained from these modes. The research indicates that if the cost of government-managed forest pest and disease control is high and the benefits of such control are low, then the scarce resource sharing mode can offer the government the maximum benefit; conversely, the information sharing mode can provide the government with the greatest benefit. If the cost and benefits of corporate-managed forest pest and disease control are low, then the information sharing mode can offer corporations the maximum benefit; otherwise, the scarce resource sharing mode can provide corporations with the greatest benefit.

Time-dose reciprocity mechanism for the inactivation of Escherichia coli using X-ray irradiation

Dynamic phases of synthetic bath at negative temperatures

Quantum thermal devices are typically designed to perform work beyond classical ability, with their potential to utilize quantum coherence as a resource. Here, we investigate that an energy-carrying molecular model for donor and acceptor coupling to two physical baths and an external driving field offers diverse functions transformed among heat engine, refrigerator, and thermal accelerator. The counter-rotating component of the driving field can induce behavior where the heat flows from the cold bath to the hot one and an output work is done. It is, thus, evident that the precise modulation of the synthetic bath whose inverse temperature varies continuously from negative to positive enables all modes of energy transfer in the phase diagram. The non-equilibrium quantum thermodynamics for realistic devices is further investigated when the external driving field is switched on and off periodically.

Status and related factors of medication safety behaviour of nurses in the operating room: A cross-sectional survey in China

Aim This study aimed to investigate the current status and influencing factors of medication safety behaviour of operating room nurses. Background Medication safety is an important safety issue recognised by health organisations all over the world, and the operating room has one of the highest rates of preventable medication-related injuries. However, few studies have investigated the current status and influencing factors of medication safety behaviour of operating room nurses. Design A cross-sectional study. Methods From February to March, this study was conducted at three tertiary hospitals in southern China. Operating room nurses completed a series of questionnaires, including nurses’ medication environment perception scale and operating room nurse’s medication safety behaviour questionnaire. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, ANOVA, correlation analysis, and multiple regression. The STROBE checklist guided the reporting of this study. Results A total of 171 questionnaires were analysed. The total score on medication safety behaviour of operating room nurses was 78.20±8.94. The medication environment the operating room nurses perceived was positively correlated with medication safety behaviour (P &lt; 0.01). Additionally, factors related to the medication safety behaviour of operating room nurses included working years(B = 4.899, P = 0.000), the highest level of education(B = 5.440, P = 0.000), professional title(B = −2.644, P = 0.002), the last time of nursing medication safety training(B = −0.914, P = 0.013), and the system and supervision (B = 0.141, P = 0.015). Conclusion The medication safety behaviour of operating room nurses is low. The relationship between individual factors, medication environment, and medication behaviour of operating room nurses should be deeply considered, and targeted intervention strategies should be carried out to influence factors to improve their medication safety behaviour.

Temporal trends in cross-country inequalities of early-onset pancreatic cancer: a comprehensive analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021

Phase diagram of the hard-sphere potential model in three and four dimensions using a pseudo-hard-sphere potential

The hard-sphere potential has become a cornerstone in the study of both molecular and complex fluids. Despite its mathematical simplicity, its implementation in fixed time step molecular simulations remains a formidable challenge due to the discontinuity at contact. To avoid the issues associated with the ill-defined force at contact, a continuous potential has recently been proposed—here referred to as the pseudo-hard-sphere potential (pHS) [Báez et al., J. Chem, Phys. 149, 164907 (2018)]. This potential is constructed to match the second virial coefficient of the hard-sphere potential and is expected to mimic its thermodynamic properties. However, this hypothesis has only been partially validated within the fluid region of the phase diagram for hard-sphere dispersions in two and three dimensions. In this contribution, we examine the ability of the continuous pHS potential to reproduce the equation of state of a hard-sphere fluid, not only in the fluid phase but also across the fluid–solid coexistence region. Our focus is primarily on the phase diagram of hard-sphere systems in three and four dimensions; however, we also report on the feasibility of the pHS to reproduce the long time dynamics of a three-dimensional colloidal dispersion. We compare the thermodynamic properties obtained from Brownian dynamics simulations of the pHS potential with those derived from refined event-driven simulations of the corresponding hard-sphere potential. Furthermore, we provide a comparative analysis with theoretical equations of state based on both mean-field and integral equation approximations.

Design, synthesis, and in vitro evaluation of a carbamazepine derivative with antitumor potential in a model of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a significant concern in both pediatric and adult demographics. Despite 156 approved cancer therapies based on small molecules, a mere five apply to all types of leukemia. Unfortunately, adherence to these treatments is low due to adverse side effects. Consequently, there is an urgent need to identify more effective treatment options for ALL. This study presents a potential solution. We have designed over fifty analogs of carbamazepine, utilizing a combination of ligand-based and structure-based drug design methodologies. Among these analogs, we identified the CR80 analog, which demonstrated predicted binding values of -8.66 kcal/mol against beta-tubulin, a favorable LogP, and IC50 values suitable for in vitro evaluation. The CR80 compound was synthesized with a yield of 50% and subsequently assessed in vitro against the U-937 cell line. It obtained an IC50 value of 0.8 micromolar to 1 micromolar and a selectivity index of two, thus marking it as a promising candidate for in vivo studies.

Hybrid optimization driven fake news detection using reinforced transformer models

Thermodynamics for reduced models of polymer aggregation based on maximum entropy principle

Polymeric aggregates play a significant role in biology and chemical engineering. In order to make a clear description of their underlying formation procedure, simplified models are crucial because the original mass-action equations involve numerous variables, complicating analysis and understanding. While the dynamical aspects of simplified models have been widely studied, their thermodynamic properties are less understood. In this study, we explore the Maximum Entropy Principle (MEP)-reduced models, initially developed for dynamical analysis, from a brand-new thermodynamic perspective. Analytical expressions, along with numerical simulations, demonstrate that the discrete MEP-reduced model strictly retains laws of thermodynamics, which holds true even when the aggregate size transits from discrete values to continuous real numbers. Our findings not only clarify the thermodynamic consistency between the MEP-reduced models and the original models of polymeric aggregates for the first time but also suggest avenues for future research into the model-reduction thermodynamics.

Effects of school menstrual hygiene management, water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions on girls’ empowerment, health, and educational outcomes: Lasta district, Amhara regional state, Ethiopia

This study assessed the effects of school-based menstrual hygiene management (MHM) and water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions on the empowerment, health, and educational outcomes of menstruating girls using cross-sectional and experimental designs. It examined whether access to MHM education and WASH facilities could enhance girls’ self-confidence, physical, emotional, and social health, class attendance, and academic performance. The results showed significant improvements in empowerment at intervention schools, with 54% of girls feeling confident purchasing sanitary products, compared to 18% in control schools, indicating better emotional well-being. Additionally, 21% and 22% of girls in intervention schools felt comfortable discussing MHM with boys and mothers, respectively, compared to just 9% in control schools, reflecting improved social health. Regarding physical health, 51% of menstruating girls in intervention schools practiced genital hygiene three to four times a day, compared to 33% in control schools. Educational outcomes were also improved, with 68% of girls in intervention schools attending class during menstruation, compared to 30% in control schools, and 78% reporting adequate study time at home, compared to 41% in control schools. However, no significant difference in academic performance was found between the two groups. Overall, the findings suggest that school-based MHM and WASH interventions can significantly empower menstruating girls, improve their physical, emotional, and social health, and reduce menstrual-related absenteeism.

Artificial intelligence alert system based on intraluminal view for colonoscopy intubation

Li4F4−: Planar tetracoordinate fluorine in a highly viable binary mono-anionic cluster

Planar hypercoordinate fluorine is elusive due to the high electronegativity of fluorine, which restricts electron delocalization. Despite some progress, planar tetracoordinate fluorine (ptF) anionic species with simple components suitable for photoelectron spectroscopy have not yet been reported. Herein, we introduce the first binary mono-anionic Li4F4− cluster containing a ptF center with C2v symmetry. At a given level of theory, it is a global minimum (GM) structure with good dynamic stability and significant barriers to interconversion into the lowest energy isomers. It is noteworthy that the GM of the neutral Li4F4 species adopts a cube configuration similar to that of the typical bulk lithium fluoride crystal structure rather than a planar shape. The stability of the ptF is dominated by electrostatic interactions, supplemented by a weak covalent component rather than any aromaticity. The cluster is a highly viable species and a promising candidate for experimental detection and characterization.

Needs satisfaction and Online Self-Regulated Learning among chinese undergraduates

The increasing popularity of online courses has highlighted the importance of online self-regulated learning (OSRL). However, its use among undergraduates remains challenging. Based on self-determination theory, this study examined whether satisfying three basic psychological needs (i.e., autonomy, competence, and relatedness) could foster the engagement of Chinese undergraduates (N = 381) in OSRL. Data were collected from an online questionnaire, which included a revised Online Self-Regulated Learning Questionnaire, a scale to measure need satisfaction, and demographic information items. Descriptive analyses, confirmatory factor analyses and structural equation modeling were conducted. The results revealed that overall need satisfaction was positively associated with the use of OSRL strategies. Specifically, satisfying autonomy was positively associated with the use of resource management strategies. Feeling competent was positively associated with most OSRL strategies, except for time management and help seeking. A sense of relatedness was positively associated with self-evaluation, task strategies, and help seeking. These findings underscore the unique role of each need in promoting OSRL. Therefore, designers and instructors of online courses should cater to the specific needs of undergraduates to enhance their use of targeted OSRL strategy(ies).

Harnessing deep learning to monitor people’s perceptions towards climate change on social media