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Breast cancer classification based on hybrid CNN with LSTM model
Building support for children and families affected by stroke (BUILD CARE): Study protocol
Childhood stroke is a rare condition that significantly impacts affected children and their families due to children’s frequently persisting cognitive, physical, and behavioural problems. Existing research on adult stroke shows that the built environment plays a major role in their (partial or possible) recovery and everyday life, but its role has been overlooked in children population. This multidisciplinary research study aims to investigate (1) the role of informal (i.e., home, neighbourhood, school) and formal (i.e., hospital, rehabilitation clinic, outpatient clinic) care environments in the everyday life of children and families confronted with childhood stroke; (2) the families’ financial burden resulting from this rare disease and their economic situation likely affecting the access to care, informal care provision and ability to carry out home modifications.; as well as (3) children’s stroke-related cognitive impairments affecting their experiences of the built environment and their care. The research consists of the preparatory research phase, where existing materials are explored, and three main research phases, each related to one or multiple project objectives. A multi-method approach is adopted, including qualitative (in-depth interviews and participatory creative methods) and quantitative (online questionnaire and cognitive assessments) research methods. Participants are children affected by stroke and their families in Austria, Belgium and Germany. This is a 3-year project that will continue until the end of August 2025. Ethical approvals in all countries were obtained at the time of protocol submission, and data collection for all three research phases started in the second half of 2023 and is currently ongoing. This project will offer first insights into the role of built (care) environments in the experiences of families affected by childhood stroke. Findings are expected to deliver information on their design to improve the life of children affected by this rare disease and their families.
Durability and environmental evaluation of rice husk ash sustainable concrete containing carbon nanotubes
Daily briefing: Genetically modified pig-organ transplant trial gets green light
Hydrogen Tunneling and Conformational Motions in Nonadiabatic Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer between Interfacial Tyrosines in Ribonucleotide Reductase
Global burden of cardiovascular diseases attributable to diet low in seafood omega-3 fatty acids from 1990~2021 and forecasting the future trends: A population-based study
Background This research investigates the worldwide influence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) associated with low intake of seafood omega-3 fatty acids, based on data from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study. Method The study evaluated the effects of insufficient seafood omega-3 fatty acid consumption on CVD at international, regional, and country levels. It analyzed variations across different demographics, including age and gender, and explored the relationship between disease burden and the Socio-Demographic Index (SDI). Additionally, it utilized an ARIMA model to predict the incidence of CVD connected to this dietary deficiency until 2050. Result In 2021, diets deficient in seafood omega-3 fatty acids contributed to roughly 737.88 thousand deaths and 17.87 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from CVD, with a noted decrease in this health impact over the period studied. The most substantial effects were seen in the elderly, particularly those aged 75 and above, with males experiencing a higher disease impact. Future forecasts suggest probable declines in disease rates across all SDI areas. However, nations in North Africa and the Middle East are projected to encounter growing difficulties related to CVD stemming from low seafood omega-3 intake by 2030 and 2050. Conclusion These results highlight the critical need for preventive strategies against CVD and stress the significance of dietary management.
Comparison of optical coherence tomography vs. fluorescein angiography-based macular neovascularization classifications in age-related macular degeneration
Modulation of Molecular Quadrupole Moments by Phenyl Side-Chain Fluorination for High-Voltage and High-Performance Organic Solar Cells
Comparison of survival outcomes and anatomically specific severe injuries following traffic accidents among occupants of standard and K-car vehicles: A retrospective cohort study at a teaching hospital in Japan
Road traffic accidents are a global health concern. K-car vehicles, also known as "mini vehicles," are defined as those having an engine displacement <660 cc, vehicle length <3.4 m, width <1.48 m, and height <2.0 m. K-cars have become increasing popular not only in Japan but also in other countries. Compared with standard vehicles, the occupant space of a K-car vehicle is considerably smaller; thus, passengers may be more vulnerable to the external forces generated in a collision, which in turn can lead to deformation of the occupant space and less protection against injuries. However, data are scarce regarding whether K-car vehicles are related to poorer survival outcomes and severe trauma. We conducted a retrospective cohort study involving patients who were injured in four-wheeled vehicle accidents between 2002 and 2023 and admitted to a community teaching hospital in Japan. The vehicle configuration was divided into standard and K-car vehicles. The primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality. Other outcomes included severe trauma, defined as Injury Severity Score (ISS) >15, and anatomically specific severe injury of the head and neck, chest, abdomen, pelvis, and extremities, defined as Abbreviated Injury Scale score ≥3. Of 5331 eligible patients, 2384 (44.7%) were K-car vehicle occupants. In propensity score-matched analysis with 1947 pairs, we observed an increase for in-hospital mortality in the K-car vehicle group (2.6% vs. 4.0%, odds ratio 1.53, 95% confidence interval 1.07–2.19). Compared with standard vehicles, K-car vehicles were associated with a greater risk of severe trauma and serious injuries of the head and neck, chest, abdomen, pelvis, and extremities. These study data should be used to encourage vehicle occupants and automobile manufacturers to consider objective facts regarding the safety of vehicles in a traffic accident.
Sarcopenia, myosteatosis and inflammation are independent prognostic factors of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia patients admitted to the ICU
Cancer outcomes predicted using AI-extracted data from clinical notes
Dynamic Kinetic Resolution-Based Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Racemic 2-Substituted Quinolines
Research on desiliconization of brown corundum fly dust and bauxite based on roasting-alkali leaching method
The raw material for smelting brown corundum is high-quality bauxite. As the quality of bauxite decreases, the main impurity, silicon content, increases, which affects the product quality and smelting energy consumption. Additionally, the smelting process produces a significant amount of brown corundum fly dust (BCFD) with a low utilization rate, resulting in resource wastage. In order to utilize low-quality bauxite and BCFD, this article proposes the method of “roasting-alkali leaching.” Through mixed desilication, the impact of alkali leaching factors on desilication is investigated, analyzed the desiliconization mechanism of BCFD, and established the kinetics of the desilication reaction. Results indicated that the optimal conditions for mixed desilication are BCFD/bauxite mass ratio of 1:6, desilication temperature of 95°C, desilication time of 30 min, alkali concentration of 110 g/L, and liquid-solid ratio of 10:1, achieving a desilication rate of 60.90%. The Al-Si ratio (A/S) of the concentrate increases from 5.33 to 11.72, meeting the requirements for brown corundum smelting raw materials. The desilication reaction follows a solid shrinkage core model, with a kinetic equation of 1−2/3α−(1−α)2/3 = 15.50exp[−29299/(RT)]·t, and an apparent activation energy of 29.30 kJ/mol. The synergistic mechanism involves fine particles of the BCFD adsorbing on the surface after mixing with the bauxite, increasing the mineral surface area and the activity of silicon, thereby accelerating the reaction rate.
A multi-dimensional decision framework based on the XGBoost algorithm and the constrained parametric approach
Observation of O<sub>2</sub> Molecules Inserting into Fe–H Bonds in a Ferrous Metal–Organic Framework
A reliance on human habitats is key to the success of an introduced predatory reptile
Understanding the success of animals in novel environments is increasingly important as human-mediated introductions continue to move species far beyond their natural ranges. Alongside these introductions, inhabited and agricultural areas are spreading, and correspondingly most animal introductions occur in populated areas. Commensal species which can live alongside humans by making use of specific conditions, structures, or prey, have a significant advantage. Introduced mammal species often use anthropogenic features in their environment and demonstrate a higher tolerance of human disturbance, but their importance remains understudied in ectotherms. The Aesculapian snake ( Zamenis longissimus ) is an ectotherm which has been introduced beyond the northern extremities of its natural range. To understand their persistence, we radio-tracked snakes daily over two active seasons, including high-frequency tracking of a subset of males. We investigated snake home range size using Autocorrelated Kernel Density Estimators (AKDE). Using AKDE-weighted Habitat Selection Functions we identified preferences for habitat features in a mosaic of habitats, and we used Integrated Step Selection Functions to further explore how these features influence movement. We revealed a particular preference for buildings in male snakes, while females preferred woodland. We demonstrate that the success of this ectothermic predator is likely tied to a willingness to use human features of the landscape.
Oral lactoferrin as a treatment of pediatrics’ anemia resulted from chronic kidney diseases: a randomized controlled trial
Abstract Anemia in pediatrics is often associated with chronic conditions such as chronic kidney disease (CKD). It can worsen the disease prognosis and affect quality of life. Injectable dosage forms are predominantly used in its treatment with various side effects. This randomized and parallel clinical trial aimed to compare the effectiveness of oral lactoferrin with intravenous (IV) iron dextran in managing anemia resulted from CKD in pediatrics. The study involved 60 children diagnosed with CKD-related anemia who were allocated into two separate groups. Group 1 consisted of 30 pediatric patients who received 100 mg of oral lactoferrin daily for a period of 3 months. Group 2 included 30 pediatric patients who were given IV iron dextran at a dosage of 50 mg three times weekly for 3 months. Both treatments are effective in treating CKD-induced anemia in pediatrics; however, oral lactoferrin demonstrated superior efficacy as there was a significant change within that group in levels of Hb, RBCs, MCH, iron, RDW-SD, MCHC, IL-6, and GDF-15 before and after treatment. In contrast, IV iron dextran showed significant changes within its group in iron, GFR, IL-6, GDF-15, and RDW-SD. After 3 months of treatment, no significant differences were observed between the two groups.
Automated Flow Synthesis of Artificial Heme Enzymes for Enantiodivergent Biocatalysis
Investigating behavioural addictions in adults with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) confers greater risk of alcohol and substance use disorders, which may be linked to altered compulsivity and impulsivity within the condition. However, no study has investigated the link between these constructs and behavioural addictions in ADHD. The aim of this study was to investigate whether individuals with ADHD show increased impulsivity, compulsivity, and associated distress, as well as addictive behaviour for gambling, exercise, and internet use, and to assess the relationship between these factors. Adults with and without ADHD were recruited from across the UK and completed an online survey measuring impulsivity, compulsivity, gambling, internet use and exercise addiction. Three hundred and forty-six adults took part (Healthy control = 137, ADHD-medicated = 110, ADHD-unmedicated = 99). Those declaring a diagnosis of ADHD reported greater internet use problems and greater withdrawal from exercise. Medicated individuals also reported higher exercise continuance and were more likely be symptomatic for exercise dependency. Individuals identifying with ADHD had greater levels of impulsivity and compulsivity, with impulsivity correlated with all behavioural addictions, whilst compulsivity correlated only with exercise and internet use. Regression analyses indicated that the distress caused by impulsivity and compulsivity was associated with internet use. Although further research is needed, this study indicates that the greater risk of behavioural addictions found in those with ADHD may relate to impulsivity and compulsivity, and that this should be considered when managing ADHD.