Browse Articles

Salivary cortisol is an unreliable correlate of serum cortisol in adult pet dogs and assistance dog puppies

Diverse redox-mediated transformations to realize the para-quinoid, σ-bond, and ortho-diphenoquinoid forms

Abstract π-Electron systems with multiple redox-active units have attracted attention in various fields due to their potential applications. However, the design strategy remains elusive to selectively synthesize the diverse molecular structures of redox-convertible species. In this study, covalently linked quinodimethane derivatives with a sulfur bridge [(Ar4QD)2S] were designed as redox-active motifs that can be converted into three different geometries via redox reaction. Here we show that the favored geometry of the corresponding redox states of (Ar4QD)2S can be precisely controlled by adjusting the steric bulk of the substituents on the aryl group to change the proximity of the quinodimethane units. Notably, this redox-mediated strategy also leads to the isolation and structural determination of the missing link with an o-diphenoquinoid structure, a diphenoquinoid isomer whose isolation had remained elusive for almost a century. Thus, this study provides a method that allows the modulation/control of electronically and/or thermodynamically stable structures, as well as their electronic and spectroscopic properties.

Improving photovoltaic water pumping system performance with PSO-based MPPT and PSO-based direct torque control using real-time simulation

High-capacity water sorbent cycles without hysteresis under dry conditions

The linguistic feedback of tourism robots significantly influences visitors’ ecotourism behaviors

Nucleoporins shape germ granule architecture and balance small RNA silencing pathways

Enhanced framework embedded with data transformation and multi-objective feature selection algorithm for forecasting wind power

Phosphate-binding pocket on cyclin B governs CDK substrate phosphorylation and mitotic timing

Abstract Cell cycle progression is governed by complexes of the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and their regulatory subunits cyclin and Cks1. CDKs phosphorylate hundreds of substrates, often at multiple sites. Multisite phosphorylation depends on Cks1, which binds initial priming phosphorylation sites to promote secondary phosphorylation at other sites. Here, we describe a similar role for a recently discovered phosphate-binding pocket (PP) on B-type cyclins. Mutation of the PP in Clb2, the major mitotic cyclin of budding yeast, alters bud morphology and delays the onset of anaphase. Mutation of the PP reduces multi-site phosphorylation of CDK substrates in vitro, including the Cdc16 and Cdc27 subunits of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome and the Bud6 and Spa2 subunits of the polarisome. We conclude that the cyclin PP, like Cks1, controls the pattern of multisite phosphorylation on CDK substrates, thereby helping to establish the robust timing of cell-cycle events.

Effective data selection via deep learning processes and corresponding learning strategies in ultrasound image classification

Dual inhibition of DNA-PK and Polϴ boosts precision of diverse prime editing systems

Prediction of the functional outcome of intensive inpatient rehabilitation after stroke using machine learning methods

Acellular, bioresorbable, ultra-purified alginate gel implantation for intervertebral disc herniation: Phase 1/2, open-label, non-randomized clinical trials

A case series shows a relation between intracochlear electric field distribution and vestibular co-stimulation with cochlear implants

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the relation between the electric field distribution within the cochlea during cochlear implant stimulation and the electrical vestibular co-stimulation measured by vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (e-VEMPs). Measurements were done in adult Nucleus cochlear implant (CI) users with perimodiolar electrode arrays. The electric field distribution within the cochlea was determined by Transimpedance Matrices recorded for all participants with a pulse width of 25 µs and a current level of 110 CL. Study measurements were conducted in 25 ears of 24 participants. In 10 participants, e-VEMPs could be elicited (40%). The occurrence of e-VEMPs stimulated by the cochlear implant was correlated with the magnitude of a corrected transimpedance at the most basal electrode. Since the results also suggest that there are patients with vestibular co-stimulation already present at their everyday CI stimulation level, this needs to be taken into account by audiologists creating programming maps for CIs, e.g. by deactivation of basal electrode contacts, if dizziness occurs during CI stimulation.

Targeted disruption of PRC1.1 complex enhances bone remodeling

NID-DETR: A novel model for accurate target detection in dark environments

Rapid flipping between electrolyte and metallic states in ammonia solutions of alkali metals

Evaluating machine learning algorithms for energy consumption prediction in electric vehicles: A comparative study

Explosive volcanic eruptions can act as carbon sinks

Performance analysis of an indoor visible light communication system using LED configurations and diverse photodetectors

Abstract This study evaluates the implementation and performance of a Visible Light Communication (VLC) system designed to transmit text data between two personal computers (PCs). The proposed system utilizes three distinct light-emitting diode (LED) —Single LED, 2 × 2 LED Array, and 4 × 4 LED Array—as transmitters and three types of photodetectors—BPW34 photodiode, solar cell, and light-dependent resistor (LDR)—as receivers. Controlled by an Arduino, the system investigates the relationships between data rate, transmission distance, beam angle, LED configurations, and detector types. Experimental results confirmed that the BPW34 photodiode outperformed the solar cell and LDR in terms of maximum achievable data rate and transmission distance, consistent with its superior bandwidth and sensitivity characteristics. The findings also reveal that, at a zero-degree beam angle, the system employing the BPW34 photodiode achieved a maximum transmission distance of 9.15 m at 1 kilobit per second (kbps) with a single LED configuration, diminishing to 1.24 m at 4 kbps. The 2 × 2 LED array extended the distance 14.20 m at 1 kbps and 2.30 m at 4 kbps. Conversely, the 4 × 4 LED array exhibited the most extensive propagation distances, achieving 16.30 m at 1 kbps and maintaining 3.25 m at 4 kbps. These findings underscore the efficacy of increasing LED array size in enhancing propagation distance, particularly at lower data rates. The study highlights the potential of VLC systems for efficient indoor optical communication, providing valuable insights for optimizing LED configurations and receiver technologies in future applications.

Global emergence of unprecedented lifetime exposure to climate extremes

Abstract Climate extremes are escalating under anthropogenic climate change1. Yet, how this translates into unprecedented cumulative extreme event exposure in a person’s lifetime remains unclear. Here we use climate models, impact models and demographic data to project the number of people experiencing cumulative lifetime exposure to climate extremes above the 99.99th percentile of exposure expected in a pre-industrial climate. We project that the birth cohort fraction facing this unprecedented lifetime exposure to heatwaves, crop failures, river floods, droughts, wildfires and tropical cyclones will at least double from 1960 to 2020 under current mitigation policies aligned with a global warming pathway reaching 2.7 °C above pre-industrial temperatures by 2100. Under a 1.5 °C pathway, 52% of people born in 2020 will experience unprecedented lifetime exposure to heatwaves. If global warming reaches 3.5 °C by 2100, this fraction rises to 92% for heatwaves, 29% for crop failures and 14% for river floods. The chance of facing unprecedented lifetime exposure to heatwaves is substantially larger among population groups characterized by high socioeconomic vulnerabilities. Our results call for deep and sustained greenhouse gas emissions reductions to lower the burden of climate change on current young generations.