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A comparison among employees in Germany and Denmark of associations between quality of leadership and subsequent 5-year development of mental distress
Abstract We hypothesised that the association between quality of leadership and mental distress would be stronger in Germany than in Denmark. The two countries differ in terms of working life cultures and labour markets, factors possibly mitigating the association of quality of leadership with mental distress. Data were based on the German Study on Mental Health at Work (2012–2017) and the Danish Work Environment Cohort Study (2000–2005 and 2005–2010), comprising 9,613 observations. A two-part model approach was employed, combining logistic and generalized linear regression models, with mental distress at follow-up as outcome variable. Heterogeneity of the country-specific estimates was assessed using a Cochran Q test. Among all participating employees, the logistic regression showed that higher quality of leadership was associated with lower mental distress (> 0) in both Germany and Denmark. This association was stronger in Germany, with the country difference being statistically significant ( p = 0.036). Among employees with mental distress at follow-up, the generalized linear models revealed that quality of leadership was associated with decreased mental distress in Denmark, but not in Germany, with the country difference also being significant ( p = 0.014). The inconsistent results did not support our hypothesis of a stronger association between quality of leadership and mental health in Germany. All results taken into consideration, the findings suggest that poor quality of leadership is associated with the development of mental distress in both countries. Further research is needed to examine the association between quality of leadership and mental health in other countries.
Prediction of the spatial distribution of vine weevil under climate change using multiple variable selection methods
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Prediction of malnutrition in kids by integrating ResNet-50-based deep learning technique using facial images
Climate change scenario in Bangladesh: historical data analysis and future projection based on CMIP6 model
Bucillamine-induced membranous nephropathy versus primary membranous nephropathy: comparing pathological features and kidney prognosis
Migration to breeding areas by male sperm whales Physeter macrocephalus from the Northeast Atlantic Arctic
Abstract Mature male sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) primarily inhabit high latitude regions, travelling to tropical/temperate waters for breeding, where females and juveniles reside in cohesive social groups. Though mating is known to occur at low latitudes, the timing, duration, and routes of adult male migrations between feeding and breeding areas are poorly known. To study movement patterns of adult male sperm whales, 29 individuals were equipped with satellite transmitters in the Northeast Atlantic Arctic (69–79°N). Twelve of these animals undertook southward migrations. Departures from northern latitudes occurred asynchronously from January to October, indicating that sperm whales do not have a well-defined breeding season. Migrating males travelled 40 (± 11) d to reach the breeding areas at latitudes below 45°N. They travelled distances of 3,993–7,951 km. They spent 76 (± 22) d in the south, roaming across an enormous region (˃10 million km2). Dives deeper than 1,000 m occurred both during migration and at the breeding grounds. Two whales were tracked back to Arctic waters. Their trips took 175 and 180 d, with cumulative distances travelled being 16,332 km and 17,669 km, respectively. This study fills important knowledge gaps in the annual cycle of these cosmopolitan giants.
Eye problems cloud NASA’s vision of Mars
Dramatic ENSO related Southwestern Atlantic ecosystem shifts
Abstract ENSO (El Niño Southern Oscillation) events are becoming more frequent and more intense as climate change continues. Although ENSO effects are known to propagate into the southwest Atlantic, knowledge of how these anomalies result in ecological impacts is yet to be documented. A 3600 km transect in the southwest Atlantic from the Falkland Islands (Malvinas) to Tristan da Cunha during La Niña (March 2018) found a more abundant and speciose seabird assemblage, with more filter-feeding seabird and cetacean species, and a shallower and more concentrated pelagic biomass, than a near identical transect during El Niño (March 2019). Changes in wind and sea surface temperature anomalies correlated, through a one-to-three-month lag, to the peak BEST (Bivariate ENSO Index) index. Stronger winds and greater near surface ocean mixing are for the first time described as mechanisms through which ENSO events can propagate across the southwest Atlantic Ocean basin to alter pelagic ecosystem structure and communities. Main Text.
Relationship between physical activity and sleep habits with motor proficiency among school aged children in Iran
The search for solutions to geographic atrophy of the retina
Glycemic variability and its association with short and long term clinical outcomes in critically ill patients with cerebral hemorrhage
Seed laser priming enhances defensive responses in milk thistle under Pb toxicity
Abstract Heavy metal stress negatively affects the growth of medicinal plants. While the effects of Helium–Neon (He–Ne) laser on seed germination and stress tolerance in plants has garnered significant attention, little is known concerning the impacts of He–Ne laser irradiation on heavy metal tolerance in plants. Therefore, the current study was conducted to appraise the effect of different durations (0, 20, and 40 min) of seed priming with He–Ne laser (10 mW mm−2) on the antioxidant system of Silybum marianum L. plants under various Pb concentrations (0, 250, and 500 ppm). Lead phytotoxicity was evident by significant reductions in fresh and dry weights of shoots and roots, total chlorophyll (TChl) content and relative water content (RWC), as well as increases in H2O2 and malondialdehyde contents in roots and leaves. Seed irradiation with He–Ne laser for 20 min significantly improved these parameters, enhancing Pb tolerance. Conversely, the prolonged laser priming (40 min) resulted in less favorable outcomes, including reduced growth, TChl content, and RWC, while also exacerbating oxidative damage to membranes even under non-stressful conditions. The 20-min laser priming systemically mitigated Pb-induced lipid peroxidation and H2O2 accumulation by boosting the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase and increasing proline content in leaves and roots of milk thistle plants. These findings and multivariate analysis suggest that optimal dose of laser initiates a “stress memory” in seeds which is activated upon subsequent exposure to Pb stress, boosting the plant defensive mechanisms and enabling the plant to better cope with oxidative damage. This study underscore the promising potential of He–Ne laser priming as a novel strategy for increasing heavy metal tolerance in medicinal plants like milk thistle, offering an eco-friendly technique for maintaining their productivity under heavy metal stress.
Human echolocation can be taught
A comparative analysis of mercury intrusion and nitrogen adsorption methods for multifractal characterization of shale reservoirs in northern Songliao Basin
How much energy will AI really consume? The good, the bad and the unknown
AI algorithm helps telescopes to pivot fast towards gravitational-wave sources
Converging mechanism of UM171 and KBTBD4 neomorphic cancer mutations
Abstract Cancer mutations can create neomorphic protein–protein interactions to drive aberrant function 1,2 . As a substrate receptor of the CULLIN3-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, KBTBD4 is recurrently mutated in medulloblastoma 3 , the most common embryonal brain tumour in children 4 . These mutations impart gain-of-function to KBTBD4 to induce aberrant degradation of the transcriptional corepressor CoREST 5 . However, their mechanism remains unresolved. Here we establish that KBTBD4 mutations promote CoREST degradation through engaging HDAC1/2 as the direct target of the mutant substrate receptor. Using deep mutational scanning, we chart the mutational landscape of the KBTBD4 cancer hotspot, revealing distinct preferences by which insertions and substitutions can promote gain-of-function and the critical residues involved in the hotspot interaction. Cryo-electron microscopy analysis of two distinct KBTBD4 cancer mutants bound to LSD1–HDAC1–CoREST reveals that a KBTBD4 homodimer asymmetrically engages HDAC1 with two KELCH-repeat β-propeller domains. The interface between HDAC1 and one of the KBTBD4 β-propellers is stabilized by the medulloblastoma mutations, which insert a bulky side chain into the HDAC1 active site pocket. Our structural and mutational analyses inform how this hotspot E3–neosubstrate interface can be chemically modulated. First, we unveil a converging shape-complementarity-based mechanism between gain-of-function E3 mutations and a molecular glue degrader, UM171. Second, we demonstrate that HDAC1/2 inhibitors can block the mutant KBTBD4–HDAC1 interface and proliferation of KBTBD4-mutant medulloblastoma cells. Altogether, our work reveals the structural and mechanistic basis of cancer mutation-driven neomorphic protein–protein interactions.