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The structural basis of TRIM25-mediated regulation of RIG-I
Can we use lower extremity joint moments predicted by the artificial intelligence model during walking in patients with cerebral palsy in the clinical gait analysis?
Several studies have highlighted the advantages of employing artificial intelligence (AI) models in gait analysis. However, the credibility and practicality of integrating these models into clinical gait routines remain uncertain. This study critically evaluates an AI model’s ability to predict lower extremity joint moments during gait in patients with cerebral palsy (CP). We employed a three-step approach to assess the feasibility of a previously developed AI model that predicted joint moments during walking for 622 patients with CP, using joint kinematics as input. First, we established clinically relevant thresholds for lower extremity joint moments, categorizing into three labels: acceptable (Green), acceptable with caution (Yellow), and unacceptable (Red). This categorization was based on the normalized root mean square error (nRMSE) between lab-measured and predicted joint moments. We explored the relationship between gait kinematics and joint moments by correlating the kinematic inputs with their respective output labels. Finally, we developed a linear discrimination analysis (LDA) model to predict labels for newly predicted joint. Assessing the validity of thresholds, an ANOVA one-way analysis and Bonferroni post-hoc statistical tests were performed to find significant differences between the nRMSE values for each label. The hip joint exhibited the largest population of Green labels (84%), while the ankle joint had the smallest (50%). Regressive differences in joint kinematics and gait profile scores were observed across all labels. The LDA model achieved an accuracy of 85.2% and an F-score of 92% for predicting Green label in hip joint moment. Additionally, more severe patient conditions were associated with an increase in Red-labeled predictions. Our findings highlight significant differences in nRMSE among labels, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed thresholds for labeling joint moments. Overall, the AI model’s performance was rated as moderate, and the three-step approach proved valuable for assessing the feasibility of AI models in clinical settings.
ID-insensitive deepfake detection model based on multi-attention mechanism
Upregulation of the interferon-inducible antiviral gene RSAD2 in neuroendocrine prostate cancer via PVT1 exon 9 dependent and independent pathways
Predictive factors for readmission due to neonatal hyperbilirubinemia: A retrospective case-control study
Objective Hyperbilirubinemia is a common cause of hospital readmission among neonates, but the factors contributing to post-discharge readmission remain unclear. Our study aimed to identify predictive factors associated with readmission for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Methods This retrospective case-control study included 421 neonates born at ≥ 35 weeks of gestation with hyperbilirubinemia between January and December 2021. The neonates were divided into a readmission group and a control group, and logistic regression was used to identify predictive factors associated with readmission. Results Among the 421 neonates studied, 32 (7.6%) were readmitted. Logistic regression analysis identified preterm birth (<37 weeks), ABO hemolysis, Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, and Total Serum Bilirubin (TSB) level at discharge as significant predictive factors for readmission due to hyperbilirubinemia in newborns. Additionally, a decrease in birth weight was significantly linked to an increased risk of readmission (OR = 0.998, P = 0.013), although the effect size was relatively small. Conclusions Prolonging hospitalization and implementing robust post-discharge monitoring may be essential for neonates with prematurity, ABO hemolysis, G6PD deficiency, or elevated TSB levels at discharge.
Development of non-OPC binder using fly ash, limestone powder, gibbsite powder, and biomass ash for workability, strength, and CO2 capture
Dynamic changes and metabolic function of intestinal flora in patients with postoperative pneumonia after lung cancer surgery
Background Postoperative pneumonia (POP) is the most prevalent postoperative complication following lung cancer surgery. It is a crucial factor that influences surgical success and the rapid recovery of patients. Studies on the gut-lung axis have suggested that changes in the structural and functional aspects of intestinal flora are implicated in the incidents and development of pulmonary infection. This study aims to reveal the dynamic changes and metabolic function of intestinal flora in lung cancer patients with POP, with the ultimate goal of providing novel insights and targets for the prevention and treatment of POP. Methods This study includes three groups: healthy control group, lung cancer with POP group, and lung cancer without POP group. We collected stool samples from healthy individuals, preoperative and first post-infection stool samples from the POP group, and preoperative and first postoperative stool samples from the non-POP group. The hypervariable V3-V4 regions of 16S rRNA gene were sequenced using Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology. Results The alpha diversity index was lower in the POP group than in the healthy group, the beta diversity index was also different between the two groups (P < 0.05). Eggerthella, Coprobacillus, and Peptostreptococcus were abundant in the intestinal tracts of the POP group in preoperative and postoperative infections. There was a decrease in the abundance of beneficial genera such as Blautia and an increase in the abundance of pathogenic or opportunistic pathogens such as Bacteroides. The phosphatidylinositol signaling system abundance increased, whereas the abundance of phenazine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosyntheses was reduced in the POP group during postoperative infection. Conclusion Patients with POP after lung cancer surgery have a distinct spectrum of intestinal flora. The intestinal flora displays a reduction in diversity and an increase in the presence of potential pathogenic bacteria, which impact metabolic functions.
Evaluation of comprehensive benefits and the degree of coupling coordination for soil health products: a case study in Weifang City, China
Correction: Radiomics-based machine learning for automated detection of Pneumothorax in CT scans
Carbon footprint assessment and reconstruction redesign of recycled discarded military training uniforms
Abstract In response to the problem of resource waste and environmental pollution caused by the large amount of waste textiles in China, taking waste military training uniforms as an example, a thorough investigation was conducted to draw a life cycle diagram of military training uniforms, establish a recycling system for waste military training uniforms, and use Taiyuan University of Technology as a pilot for recycling. The carbon footprint of different recycling methods was calculated. A systematic method for the reorganization and redesign of discarded clothing, starting from clothing styling, has been developed. Utilizing discarded military training uniforms and other discarded textiles, practical applications have been completed in seven aspects: silhouette, style, segmentation, clothing components, adding decorations, removing decorations, and Completely redesigned. Finally, based on the problems encountered during the pilot recycling and the insights gained from the restructuring and redesign, a derivative theoretical study was completed. Through the study of the carbon footprint of clothing lifecycle and recycling stages, the importance of reusing discarded clothing has been clarified in the form of data. The innovative “1A2B3C” principles for the recycling and redesign of discarded clothing have been proposed, providing a solid theoretical basis and practical experience for the secondary transformation of discarded clothing. The reuse of discarded military training uniforms has been promoted, and the lifecycle of military training uniforms has been extended from the source of the masses.
Circadian clock communication during homeostasis and ageing
Comparison of HIV prevention indicators among adolescent girls and young women in DREAMS and non-DREAMS intervention districts in Uganda
In sub-Saharan Africa, a significant number of new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections occur among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW). The 2023 Uganda Annual Spectrum estimates indicated that about one-third of all new HIV infections are among AGYW. In 2016, the Ministry of Health in partnership with the United States President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) initiated the Determined, Resilient, Empowered, AIDS-Free, Mentored and Safe (DREAMS) program to reduce the vulnerability of AGYW to HIV by offering various direct and indirect HIV-related prevention services. These services influence the level of various HIV prevention indicators in the age group. This study aimed to compare these levels. The study was a secondary analysis of pooled Lot Quality Assurance Sampling (LQAS) survey data collected in DREAMS and non-DREAMS districts during 2021 and 2022. Fifteen HIV prevention indicators were independently compared between 8 DREAMS and 8 non-DREAMS districts. Chi-square tests were used to assess the significance in the differences. Of the 9,290 records of AGYW reviewed, 52.40% were of AGYW residing in DREAMS districts. Between DREAMS and non-DREAMS districts, significant differences in level of knowledge of HIV prevention methods (25.60% versus 14.63%, p < 0.001), condom use (58.99% versus 48.33%, p < 0.001), knowledge of HIV testing points (93.43% versus 92.38%, p = 0.049), having multiple sex partners (15.28% versus 10.11%, p < 0.001), condom use (58.99% versus 48.33%, p < 0.001), HIV testing (84.86% versus 82.00%, p < 0.001) and multiple sex partners (15.28% versus 10.11%, p < 0.001) among other indictors. AGYW in DREAMS districts had better outcomes for all indicators except multiple sex partners. Although this factor likely contributed to the initial selection of DREAMS-intervention districts, its persistence may continue to influence overall efforts towards the reduction of HIV prevalence. Moreover, this potentially mitigates the benefits from other better performing indicators.
Variations in stiffness and structure of the human aorta along its length
The biogenesis and regulation of animal microRNAs
The relationship between smoking cessation history and significant liver fibrosis among the population with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in the United States
Background Smoking was identified as a risk factor for the development of liver fibrosis in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). However, the association between smoking cessation history and the development of liver fibrosis remains unclear. This study was intended to analyze the association between smoking cessation history and significant liver fibrosis in adult MASLD participants in the United States. Methods This study utilized data from 2643 patients with MASLD from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Significant liver fibrosis was detected based on transient elastography measurements. According to the smoking questionnaire data, patients were categorized as non-smokers, ex-smokers and current smokers. A multivariate logistic regression analysis, adjusted for weights, was performed to investigate the relationship between smoking cessation history and the presence of significant liver fibrosis in participants with MASLD. Results A total of 2643 patients with MASLD were included in this study. Compared with non-smokers, ex-smokers had a slightly elevated risk of developing significant liver fibrosis (OR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.02–1.13). Specifically, a positive correlation was observed between patients who quit smoking for < 20 years and significant liver fibrosis (OR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.01–1.15). Furthermore, MASLD patients who started regularly smoking at an age of ≤ 20 years (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.02–1.16) and had a smoking duration of ≥ 10 years before quitting (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.02–1.18) were also highly correlated with an increased likelihood of developing significant liver fibrosis. Conclusions This study revealed that individuals with MASLD who have ceased smoking exhibit an elevated risk for significant liver fibrosis when compared to those who never smoked. It is highly emphasized that MASLD patients who quit smoking for < 20 years, started regularly smoking at an age of ≤ 20 years, and had a smoking duration of ≥ 10 years before quitting should be extremely vigilant regarding the risk of significant liver fibrosis.
Pathogenic variants identification in primary congenital glaucoma patients using whole exome sequencing
Prevalence of intestinal parasite contamination in raw vegetables and school soil samples in Koh Yao, Phang Nga Province, southern Thailand
Parasitic infections remain a significant public health issue in Thailand. Exposure to intestinal parasites occurs through consumption of improperly washed raw vegetables and handling of contaminated soil without proper hygiene. This study assessed the prevalence of intestinal parasites in raw vegetables and school soil, along with the associated factors, in Koh Yao, Phang Nga Province, Thailand. Vegetables (21 types) were collected from local markets and stores in Koh Yao Noi, Koh Yao Yai, and Phru Nai. Moreover, soil samples were collected from playgrounds, football fields, sidewalks, schoolyards, and areas around cafeterias in 13 public primary schools. Approximately 2.3% of vegetable samples (3 out of 131) were contaminated with parasites (one peppermint and two Chinese morning glory samples). The most commonly detected parasites were Ascaris spp. eggs (1.5%) and hookworms (0.8%). Koh Yao Noi had the highest contamination rate of 7.1%, whereas no contamination was observed in samples from Koh Yao Yai and Phru Nai. The contamination rates in vegetables obtained from the three subdistricts showed significant differences (p < 0.05). All contaminated vegetables were grown locally. In soil samples, parasites were detected in 11 of the 13 schools (84.6%). Of the 141 soil samples, 42 (29.8%) were contaminated, and Toxocara spp. were found in all contaminated samples. Phru Nai had the highest soil contamination rate (50%), followed by Koh Yao Yai (20.5%), and Koh Yao Noi (11.4%). There were significant differences in the distribution of parasite contamination across the three subdistricts (p < 0.001) and seasons (p < 0.001). Football fields were the most contaminated areas, with 36% of samples testing positive for parasites. This study highlights the risk of parasitic transmission through contaminated vegetables and soil. Hence, this emphasizes the need for health authorities to educate local communities on proper hygiene practices, including hand washing and thorough vegetable cleaning, to prevent parasitic infections. Implementing preventive measures in schools and communities is crucial for limiting parasitic disease spread.