Browse Articles

Virtual Reality in Forensic Investigation: Exploring Applications and Advancements

At the present time, there is a growing body of scholarly study focused on the development of virtual worlds and scenarios that have the potential to provide entirely sensory-rich alternative adventures that incorporate tangible, visual, and audio aspects. Once implemented properly, these kinds of efforts have the potential to be quite effective. Through a comprehensive analysis of realistic virtual reality and its technological ingredients, the present investigation intends to investigate appropriate approaches for effectively recreating virtual crime scenes. In the area of forensic examination, the re-enactment of the scene of an incident is a crucial procedure that helps determine the order in which events occurred. Enhancing comprehension and achieving straightforward, high-quality monitoring are the main goals of legal criminal investigation documentation. However, traditional methods are not adequate regarding it thorough recreation for entire scene of crime. The incorporation of methods for visualising information in multiple dimensions facilitates the thorough analysis of various types of proof gathered at the scene of crime, hence aiding in the development of a cohesive story. Rather of being displayed on traditional computer screens, the content is delivered via immersive virtual reality (VR). A thorough recreation of a crime scene is made possible by the links between different evidence chains. This is achieved by the application of forensic tools and specialist knowledge to examine the sources of harm and identify those who may be at fault. When multidimensional imaging techniques are used to many kinds of criminal situations, it becomes possible to conduct a more thorough investigation and perform a range of insightful analyses, including accurate measurement

RETRACTED: TGEL-transformer: Fusing educational theories with deep learning for interpretable student performance prediction

With the integration of educational technology and artificial intelligence, personalized learning has become increasingly important. However, traditional educational data mining methods struggle to effectively integrate heterogeneous feature data and represent complex learning interaction processes, while existing deep learning models lack educational theory guidance, resulting in insufficient interpretability. To address these challenges, this study proposes the TGEL-Transformer (Theory-Guided Educational Learning Transformer) framework, which integrates multiple intelligence theory and social cognitive theory, featuring three innovations: a dual-channel feature processing module that integrates cognitive, affective, and environmental dimension features; a theory-guided four-head attention mechanism that models educational interaction dynamics; and an interpretable prediction layer that provides theoretical support for educational interventions. Using a dataset of 6,608 students, TGEL-Transformer achieved RMSE = 1.87 and R 2  = 0.75, outperforming existing methods with statistically significant improvements (p < 0.001) ranging from 1.1% against recent state-of-the-art models to 5.6% against transformer baselines. External validation on cross-cultural data (n = 480) demonstrated strong generalizability with R 2  = 0.683. Attention weight analysis revealed that teacher support (0.15), prior knowledge (0.15), and peer interaction (0.13) are key factors influencing learning outcomes. This study provides a theory-guided framework for educational data mining, offering data-driven support for personalized education and advancing intelligent education development.

Thanatomicrobiome and its Influence in Determination of Time Since Death: A Review

The thanatomicrobiome (thanatos, Greek for death) is a relatively new term and is the study of the microbes colonizing the blood, lymph, internal organs and orifices after death. Forensic investigations depend heavily on the postmortem interval (PMI), which measures the amount of time since death. Conventional approaches to PMI estimation frequently depend on both macroscopic and microscopic alterations in cadavers, which can be inaccurate and subject to several influences. A promising approach for PMI estimate has surfaced in recent years: the thanatomicrobiome, which is the community of bacteria that remain in the human body after death. This study aims to investigate the thanatomicrobiome signatures present in various visceral samples collected postmortem and assess their potential for accurate PMI estimation. Using high-throughput sequencing methods like metagenomics, microbial communities from various visceral samples taken from cadavers at certain times after death can create reliable thanatomicrobiome signatures for PMI estimation, law enforcement organisations and forensic professionals may be able to more precisely ascertain the time of death. This could improve the precision and dependability of forensic investigations. This article ensures a future in the advance forensic microbiology as a tool for forensic casework and contributing to the broader field of forensic science

Socio-demographic influence of food additives acceptance and avoidance among the Lebanese population: A cross-sectional study

Consumers’ exposure to food additives (FAs) through food consumption is becoming inevitable, triggering concerns about their safety. This study aims to evaluate the factors influencing food choices, the level of knowledge among Lebanese consumers about FAs, and the socio-demographic determinants of FAs acceptance and avoidance. A cross-sectional web-based study enrolling 601 participants was conducted online using the snowball technique. The questionnaire consisted of four parts, including the patient socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge about FAs’ definition and label content, the drivers of food choices, and FA acceptance and avoidance. Results showed varying levels of FAs knowledge across different age groups. Consumers indicated insufficient education about FAs (64.9%) and inadequate labeling (59.4%) are primary challenges in understanding food labels. Taste (75%) and price (62.2%) rather than FA content (29.3%) impacted food choices. Multivariate analysis showed that males were more likely to avoid FAs (β = 1.467, p = 0.016), as were university degree holders (β = 1.809, p = 0.012). Dieticians showed lower FA acceptance (β = −1.875, p = 0.031). The study highlights how socio-demographic factors and knowledge influence attitudes toward food adulteration, underscoring the need for targeted education, effective labeling policies, and further research on risk perception and behavioral change.

A Preliminary Study Investigating Class Characteristics in Gurumukhi Handwriting

India has been praised for its diversity, particularly in terms of cast, ethos, dialects, religion, and calligraphies. Brahmi characters are ancient India’s primevalscript system, dating back to the first millennium BCE. The Gurumukhi script is the eleventh most widely used script in the world. The Gurumukhi script is written from left to right and from top to bottom. The common beginnings of the scripts, as well as their divergence, are significant and critical. It is undeniably impossible for an auditor to be familiar with eachcalligraphy, specifically in a nation state like India, where languages and scripts vary greatly. The aim of this paperdefines the class and individual features of Gurumukhi scripts, laying the groundwork for calligraphy forensic testing.

Correction: Childhood infection burden, recent antibiotic exposure and vascular phenotypes in preschool children

A Systematic Study on Class Characteristics in the Malayalam Script

Background: The interrogation of whether a forensic manuscript examiner should provide estimation about composition on handwritten documents in a foreign linguistic has been debated since science’s inception. There is a distinct divide among the discipline’s experts, with some in favor of expressing opinion and the rest𿿿ercely opposed. Aim: The aim of this study describes the class and individual characteristics of Malayalam scripts, laying the groundwork for script forensic testing. Material and Method: When this subject is presented in the context of Indian linguistic diversity, a surveyor who is normally aware with a particular linguistic is challenged with the task of analyzing papers in more than eighteen dialects, all of which is extremely distinct from the others. Fifty samples in the Malayalam language collected for thorough analysis. The handwritten samples were gathered from several writers. The𿿿fty writers knowing the above languages were selected offer the samples in their own linguistic for the assessment.Result: The majority of symbols in the Dravidian scripts are cursive, with the exception of a few straight-line stroked signs. The writers highly endorse the motivation for document experts to examine these foreign scripts and offer a conclusive verdict after thoroughly evaluating the possibilities and constraints by examining documents. Conclusion: After a careful and thorough examination of handwritten samples, when comparing like with like, a document examiner who is unfamiliar with the script must know what each letter or𿿿gure is and where it appears

Intrinsic vs. extrinsic motivation in high school physical education: Which fuels adolescent achievement emotions better?

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the intrinsic, extrinsic, and amotivation levels of high school students toward physical education and their emotions of achievement. The study was carried out in the fall semester of the 2024–2025 academic year, with 1399 students studying at various high schools in Turkey. Participants’ motivation levels were assessed using the “Motivation for Participation in Physical Education Lesson Scale,” and their achievement emotions were evaluated with the “Achievement Emotions Scale for Physical Education.” A cross-sectional design was used in the study and data were analysed using structural equation modelling. The findings showed intrinsic motivation strongly related to positive achievement emotions and negatively to negative ones. Extrinsic motivation was weakly correlated with positive achievement emotions and not significantly with negative ones. Amotivation negatively correlated with positive achievement emotions and positively correlated with negative ones. Students’ motivation and emotions are influenced by how well their basic psychological needs are met, according to self-determination and psychological needs theories. The support of intrinsic motivation in physical education is essential for their achievement emotions and well-being. Teachers must promote autonomy, competence, and relatedness in learning environments. Future studies should test these findings in various cultural contexts using various data sources and longitudinal designs. Exploring technological and cultural influences on motivation will add valuable information to the literature.

Characterization of the Mammalian Post-mortem Thanatomicrobiome: A Time and Temperature Based Approach using Culture Dependent and Independent Techniques

Introduction: The thanatomicrobiome (Thanatos, Greek for death) or the postmortem microbiomes have been recognized as a significant biomarker to determine time and whereabouts of host death. The number and abundance of each organ’s signature microbioata can be of utmost importance to forensic microbiologists as a novel data source for estimating post-mortem interval. Method: Fresh samples of Liver and Kidney of goat were taken and processed. Cultures were prepared and incubated at varying temperatures (37°C, 27°C, and 4°C) in both aerobic and anaerobic condition. After every 24hour, the plates were observed to examine the growth for isolation of microbial colonies. Results: The present finding focuses on the characterization of various thanatomicrobiome compositions across time, temperature and oxygen availability once the animal is passed out. Conclusion: In the present study it was found that increase in time after death leads to variation in bacterial culture in the internal tissues of body which helps in estimation of Post-mortem interval (PMI) in different conditions (such as aerobic and anaerobic), and at different storage temperature.

AI-augmented differential diagnosis of granulomatous rosacea and lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei: A 23–year retrospective pilot study

Granulomatous rosacea (GR) and lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei (LMDF) exhibit overlapping clinical features, making their differentiation challenging. While histopathological examination remains the gold standard, it is invasive and time-consuming, highlighting the need for non-invasive diagnostic approaches. This study evaluates artificial intelligence (AI)-based models for differentiating between GR and LMDF and assess their impact on clinician performance. This retrospective pilot study included 96 patients (62 GR, 34 LMDF) with histopathologically confirmed diagnoses. Neural network models, including convolutional neural networks and vision transformers (ViT), were applied to cropped lesion images while a transformer-based multiple instance learning (TransMIL) approach was used for whole-image analysis. Diagnostic accuracy was also compared between clinicians with and without AI assistance. ViT_base_patch16_224 achieved the highest accuracy (93.0%) and reliability (κ = 0.81) on cropped images, while the TransMIL reached 70% accuracy on whole images. AI augmentation significantly improved clinicians’ diagnostic accuracy from 64.7% to 70.3% (p = 0.0136), with the greatest improvement observed among general practitioners. Additionally, mean diagnostic time decreased from 10.7 to 6.4 minutes. These findings highlight the potential of AI models, particularly ViT, in facilitating the differential diagnosis of GR and LMDF. AI-augmented diagnosis improved accuracy and efficiency across all clinician expertise levels, supporting its integration as a complementary tool in dermatological practice.

Forensic Accounting and Fraud Detection: A Systematic Literature Review and Prevention Methods

The aim of this study is to identify the role of forensic- accounting-that plays a vital role in, detecting & preventing fraud as well as to address pertinent investigation concerns. “Accounting principles, theories and procedures are applied in forensic accounting to analyse the problems in a legal way and contain every field of accounting.-.”Forensic> accounting< is a specialised area of accounting which includes auditing and investigative analytical skills.[4] Forensic accounting is required because corporate crises are happening more frequently all over the world. Financial fraud poses the greatest threat to the economy, making forensic accountants and traditional auditors crucial. Therefore, this study looks into fraud detection methods and ways to prevent it. In order to recognise and identify the current literature on forensic accounting and its preventative techniques, this study used the Preferred Reporting Method for Systematic Literature Reviews (SLR). It has been determined from this research that very few studies have analysed forensic accounting employing SLR techniques. This study also completes an integrated analysis with a concentration on three distinct areas: forensic accounting frauddetection, fraud prevention, methods & policy implementation.

The challenge of participatory projects for physical activity promotion: What to scale and how to scale?

Background Scaling up participatory physical activity innovations is complex. Evidence on their nature and how they become embedded in health systems and policies is limited. This paper draws on four participatory research projects promoting physical activity among various populations and settings in Germany to explore their unique participatory innovations and strategies to scale-up. Methods Document analysis and focus group interviews (n = 15) were used for a retrospective case study analysis based on the WHO-ExpandNet framework. 19 scientists of the project teams under study were approached and recruited by the authors during their collaborative work within the Capital4Health consortium. We performed a deductive content analysis to identify the innovation(s) scaled up, the implementers responsible for the process, and the context in which it took place. Results The strategies employed differed depending on the intended scale-up direction: for the transfer to other sites (horizontal scale-up), projects usually scaled a participatory method; when working towards institutionalization at the systems level (vertical scale-up), they tended to scale specific actions for physical activity promotion, particularly those shown to be successful in the pilot phase of the projects. Overall, scale-up followed a strategic plan, but was continuously adjusted to setting-specific challenges and emerging opportunities. Discussion Scaling participatory methods for physical activity promotion may require significant resources. Previously developed pilot actions seem to lend themselves to scale-up more easily, but may compromise the level of participation intended by the original project design. Within participatory research, successful scale-up will require deciding whether an innovation is appropriate for the intended context, whether it can address complex problems like health equity, and whether reducing participatory elements for the sake of improved scalability is acceptable. Conclusion It is essential to develop novel theoretical concepts of scalability that account for the diversities identified within participatory projects observed in our study. The findings can guide future research on strategies to improve the effective implementation and scale-up or participatory physical activity innovations, ensuring that these remain adaptable and sustainable across various settings.

Y-Chromosome Short Tandem Repeats: A Review

Since the early 1990s, the effective development of forensic Y-chromosome examination has led to its widespread use as a standard procedure in labs handling cases involving crime worldwide. The Y-chromosome is a powerful tool in forensic genetics since it can spot the masculine DNA through the most likely to vary genomic sequence the so called STRs. These sequences could be considered to be an irreplaceable asset to the generally worldwide used array of non-sex chromosomal loci used in the study of genetics with respect to forensics. The focus on the masculine part of the chromosome makes it speci𿿿cally of huge regardincases of the lumping up of feminine and masculine cell, such as in scenarios of de𿿿lement in sexual aspect. However, single set stature of chromosome andthefather to son passover of the masculine genetic material can make the detection and study of the short tandem repeats spotted on the male chromosomal gene dif𿿿cult when males have the exact same Y-chromosomal make up for nnumber of generations. This may complicate the very understanding of the fact that whether a DNA pro𿿿le belongs to a suspect or a paternal relative. On the other hand, Y-chromosome research can be used to study the very formation of a DNApro𿿿lein a given population which further enables us to study population genetics. As it is also evident that the people falling in the same patrilineal line generally do stay in the same place they were born indicating that there could not be much of a change in their culture and habitat, study of the masculine genetic material thus could be of great signi𿿿cance in understanding the habitat andcultureof an entire population. The study of forensic Y-chromosome analysis includes the disciplines of application of Y-genome haplotyping, the evaluation of outcomes, making a track of data of new projects and efforts. This𿿿eld has played ritical role in criminal investigations, and its continued development promises to bring even greater bene𿿿ts to forensic genetics.

Study on the relationship between viral inactivation and alkyl chain length of benzalkonium chloride

Alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride (BAC), a quaternary ammonium salt surfactant, is commonly utilized as a sanitizer and disinfectant. Concerns have emerged regarding the increasing global exposure to BAC, emphasizing the need for strategies to maximize its efficacy while minimizing its usage. Therefore, it is crucial to understand BAC’s effects on bacteria and viruses, and its mechanism of action. Our previous research demonstrated that BAC micelles solubilizes the lipid bilayer of viruses, significantly enhancing virus inactivation efficacy at concentrations exceeding the critical micelle concentration (CMC). We focused on the alkyl chain length of BAC to elucidate how variations in CMC, driven by differences in alkyl chain length, influence virus inactivation activity. We measured CMC and assessed influenza virus inactivation for benzyldodecyldimethylammonium chloride (C12BAC), benzyltetradecyldimethylammonium chloride (C14BAC), benzylhexadecyldimethylammonium chloride (C16BAC), and their mixtures. The results showed that both BACs with a single alkyl chain length and mixed BACs exhibited significantly enhanced inactivation activity at concentrations of the CMC or above. Notably, BAC mixtures with comparable CMC values showed similar virucidal activity, suggesting that CMC can serve as a useful indicator in designing BAC mixtures aimed at virus inactivation, leading to the development of compositions with enhanced virus inactivation at lower doses. However, when the bactericidal activity of each BAC mixture against E. coli was tested under the same conditions, a significant bactericidal effect, of at least 3 Log10, was observed even at concentrations below CMC. This suggests that the bactericidal activity of BAC is not due to the micellization at CMC, but rather to the contribution of BAC monomers, indicating a distinct difference in the mechanism of action of BAC against viruses and bacteria. Therefore, when formulating BAC-based disinfectants, it is essential to assess the inactivation efficacy against both bacteria and viruses to ensure sufficient virus inactivation.

Conformational eyelid disorders in dogs under primary veterinary care in the UK - Epidemiology and clinical management

Introduction Natural eyelid conformation is essential for normal function and health of the ocular surface. However, many modern dog types are deliberately bred for abnormal eyelid conformation associated with severe health and welfare issues. This study aimed to report the prevalence, demographic risk factors and clinical management under primary veterinary care for conformational eyelid disorders in dogs. Methods The study explored the anonymised clinical records of all dogs under UK primary veterinary care within the VetCompass Programme during 2019. Risk factor analysis used multivariable logistic regression modelling. Results From 2,250,417 dogs under primary veterinary care in 2019, the analysis included a random sample of 3,029 confirmed conformational eyelid disorder cases that included 2,752 (90.86%) entropion and 344 (11.36%) ectropion cases. After accounting for the subsampling process, the annual prevalence for overall conformational eyelid disorder in dogs was 0.36% (95% CI: 0.35–0.37). The annual prevalence for entropion in dogs overall was 0.33% (95% CI: 0.32–0.34). Breeds with highest annual prevalence for entropion were Shar-Pei (15.41%, 95% CI 14.00–16.91), Chow Chow (9.28%, 95% CI 7.64–11.14) and Neapolitan Mastiff (6.88%, 95% CI 3.02–13.14). The estimated annual prevalence for ectropion in dogs overall was 0.04% (95% CI: 0.04–0.05). Breeds with the highest annual prevalence for ectropion were Neapolitan Mastiff (4.30%, 95% CI 1.41–9.77), Saint Bernard (1.72%, 95% CI 0.86–3.05) and Basset Hound (1.59%, 95% CI 0.94–2.49). Surgical management was carried out for 414/2275 (18.20%) of the incident (2019) entropion cases and 12/305 (3.93%) of the incident (2019) ectropion cases. Conclusions Normalisation of conformation-related health issues in certain high profile dog breeds have been discussed as a canine welfare priority for over half a century. The current results suggest that substantial work remains to be done to ensure good innate health for all dogs.

Crystal structures of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium thermoresistibile glycyl-tRNA synthetases in various liganded states

Glycyl tRNA synthetases (GlyRSs) are prospective drug targets for combating Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and cancer in humans. These synthetases are of the α2-subtype, with the ortholog in humans being dual targeted to the cytosol and mitochondria. Whereas the human enzyme has been structurally characterized previously in several liganded states, no structures of MtbGlyRS have thus far been reported. Here, we describe our recent work with MtbGlyRS and the closely-related Mycobacterium thermoresitibile GlyRS (MtrGlyRS), which progressed through all phases of the structural genomics pipeline, for the purpose of facilitating structure-based drug discovery. MtbGlyRS was expressed in Mycobacterium smegmatis and MtrGlyRS in Escherichia coli. Crystal structures are described for complexes of the two enzymes with adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and glycyl-sulfamoyl-adenylate (glycyl-AMS) at resolutions of 1.65/2.90 and 2.25/1.95 Å, respectively, and for MtrGlyRS in its apo state at 2.85 Å. Despite crystallizing in the dimeric state characteristic of many class II synthetases, the two enzymes elute predominantly as monomers during size exclusion chromatography. Strikingly, significant portions of the dimer interface and active site are unstructured in the MtrGlyRS apoenzyme crystal. AMP orders two tRNA recognition loops and a section of the insertion domain, and glycyl-AMS further stabilizes the structure, including the closure of a lid motif. Both the active and anticodon binding sites display structural differences with the human GlyRS and thus the collection of crystal structures should be useful for guiding drug development efforts targeting the various characterized structural states.

MHS-VIT: Mamba hybrid self-attention vision transformers for traffic image detection

With the rapid development of intelligent transportation systems, especially in traffic image detection tasks, the introduction of the transformer architecture greatly promotes the improvement of model performance. However, traditional transformer models have high computational costs during training and deployment due to the quadratic complexity of their self-attention mechanism, which limits their application in resource-constrained environments. To overcome this limitation, this paper proposes a novel hybrid architecture, Mamba Hybrid Self-Attention Vision Transformers (MHS-VIT), which combines the advantages of Mamba state-space model (SSM) and transformer to improve the modeling efficiency and performance of visual tasks and to enhance the modeling efficiency and accuracy of the model in processing traffic images. Mamba, as a linear time complexity SSM, can effectively reduce the computational burden without sacrificing performance. The self-attention mechanism of the transformer is good at capturing long-distance spatial dependencies in images, which is crucial for understanding complex traffic scenes. Experimental results showed that MHS-VIT exhibited excellent performances in traffic image detection tasks. Whether it is vehicle detection, pedestrian detection, or traffic sign recognition tasks, this model could accurately and quickly identify target objects. Compared with backbone networks of the same scale, MHS-VIT achieved significant improvements in accuracy and model parameter quantity.

Effects of unilateral and bilateral complex-contrast training on lower limb strength and jump performance in collegiate female volleyball players

The concurrent development of strength and power is considered effective for improving jump performance in athletes.Although previous studies have examined the effects of unilateral and bilateral training, there is a lack of systematic research comparing the impact of these two training modes within the framework of Complex-Contrast Training (CCT) on female volleyball players. This study aimed to compare the effects of Unilateral Complex-Contrast Training (UCCT) and Bilateral Complex-Contrast Training (BCCT) on lower limb strength and jump performance in collegiate female volleyball athletes. A total of 16 female volleyball players were randomly assigned to either the UCCT group (n = 8) or the BCCT group (n = 8) using a random number-based randomization method. The training intervention consisted of 2 sessions per week for 8 weeks.Before and after the intervention, participants underwent a series of standardized tests, including Countermovement Jump (CMJ), Squat Jump (SJ), Drop Jump (DJ), Eccentric Utilization Rate (EUR), Standing Long Jump (SLJ), and one-repetition maximum (1-RM) squat. Statistical analysis was conducted using JASP version 0.18.3.0 with a 2 (group) × 2 (time) two-way repeated measures ANOVA. The results showed significant main effects of time (p < 0.001) for CMJ, DJ, SLJ, and 1-RM squat, while SJ and EUR did not exhibit significant improvements. A significant time × group interaction was found for CMJ (p = 0.009), and simple effects analysis indicated that the UCCT group showed a more pronounced improvement. No significant main effects of group or time × group interaction effects were observed for the other variables. Overall, UCCT demonstrated similar effects to BCCT in improving horizontal jump performance and maximal lower limb strength, but showed a greater advantage in enhancing vertical jump performance.

Preferences for on-demand/intermittent/event-driven and long-acting injectable (LAI) HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among HIV-negative Black gay, bisexual, and other sexual minority men in the United States: A qualitative study

Background Black sexual minority men (SMM) are disproportionately affected by HIV. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a medication that reduces HIV acquisition. There is a gap in our understanding of the acceptability of and preference for on-demand and long-acting injectable (LAI)-PrEP among PrEP-eligible Black SMM. This study aimed to explore preference for on-demand and LAI-PrEP and reasons for those preferences among HIV-negative Black SMM of different PrEP use profiles (current PrEP users, current non-PrEP users, and PrEP discontinuers). Methods Between March 2022 and April 2023, we conducted 17 focus group discussions (FGDs) with a total of 58 HIV-negative (current PrEP users, non-PrEP users, and PrEP discontinuers) Black SMM residing in the Washington D.C. metropolitan area. We explored acceptability and interest in on-demand and LAI-PrEP and anticipated barriers and facilitators to uptake. Results Two key themes emerged around interest and preferences for on-demand PrEP and LAI-PrEP: 1) lack of interest in on-demand PrEP, and 2) high acceptability of LAI-PrEP. The reasons for lack of interest in on-demand PrEP were: 1) inability to accurately anticipate and plan for sexual activity in advance, 2) uncertainty about effectiveness of on-demand PrEP, and 3) potential for unnecessary medication use, especially when anticipated sexual activity doesn’t occur. Most participants finding LAI-PrEP to be highly acceptable can be attributable to: 1) LAI-PrEP being convenient, and 2) LAI-PrEP being a potential solution to suboptimal adherence to daily oral PrEP due to forgetfulness. Discussion While daily oral PrEP is the most utilized PrEP modality, some SMM—who might not be acceptable to oral PrEP—are capable of accurately identifying specific periods and circumstances for HIV infection. It is important that healthcare providers present on-demand PrEP as an option to individuals who fall into these categories. Programs to increase awareness and knowledge of LAI-PrEP among Black SMM and HCP that serve them are needed. Additionally, it is imperative that HCP who provide PrEP services receive proper training on the administration of LAI-PrEP and that there is dedicated staff to help clients navigate the insurance coverage process.

Expression of Concern: Multiple Low-Dose Radiation Prevents Type 2 Diabetes-Induced Renal Damage through Attenuation of Dyslipidemia and Insulin Resistance and Subsequent Renal Inflammation and Oxidative Stress