Browse Articles

Root cause analysis and evaluation of corrective actions for discharge boom suspension failure in bucket wheel excavator

Achieving Highly Efficient Luminescence and Multiphoton Absorption Character in Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters Based on a Tetrabenzo[ <i>a</i> , <i>c</i> ]Phenazine Core

Abstract The integration of multiphoton absorption phenomenon (MPA) with thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials opens new avenues for bio‐optoelectronic applications. However, the development of TADF emitters that simultaneously exhibit triplet harvesting and MPA is hindered by the challenge of balancing molecular planarity, reduced orbital overlap, and large oscillator strength. In this study, we demonstrate a quadrupolar molecular design based on the tetrabenzo[ a , c ]phenazine (TBPZ) to accomplish efficient MPA and TADF performance. Two new TADF emitters, TBPZ2TPA and TBPZ2NP , were synthesized, featuring an electron‐accepting TBPZ core and electron‐donating triarylamine (TAA) units to achieve an optimal balance between TADF and MPA characteristics. Particularly, TBPZ2TPA blended film exhibits orange‐red emission with a maximum at 589 nm, a high photoluminescence quantum yield ( Ф PL ) of 71%, a sufficiently small singlet‐triplet energy gap (Δ E ST ) of 0.16 eV and reversed intersystem crossing rate ( k RISC ) of 1.3 × 10 4 s −1 . Furthermore, it demonstrated a remarkable two‐photon absorption (2PA) cross‐section ( σ 2 ) of 892 GM at 780 nm and an excellent 2PA brightness of 785 GM, along with evident three‐photon absorption (3PA) at 1200 nm. These results provide a compelling strategy for developing high‐performance TADF emitters with exceptional MPA properties, enabling dual functionality for both OLEDs and high‐resolution bioimaging.

Controls of reservoir quality for submarine fan of F4 Formation in the Z oilfield, Illizi Basin, Algeria

Outside Front Cover: Elucidating the Correlation Between the Redox Potential, Spin State and Crystal Structure in a Series of Ferrous Complexes With Redox‐Active Ligands (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 32/2025)

Comprehensive analysis of the PLXNA3 gene on prognosis and immune characteristics in breast cancer

Core–shell nanofibers for localized melanoma therapy delivering Pioglitazone nanoemulsions and gemcitabine dual loaded system

Computational insights into silver oxide nanoparticles on flow and Cattaneo-Christov heat flux through a Koo and Kleinstreuer model: A heat transfer application

Toward a synthesis of Paleoamerican fluted point cultures in the Carolinas

Long-term conservation agriculture to enhance soil properties and quality in rice–wheat cropping system

Abstract Conservation agriculture (CA) presents a promising substitute to the tillage-intensive rice–wheat cropping system (RWS) prevalent in the Indo-Gangetic plains (IGPs). In the northwestern IGPs, on-farm studies examining the impact of CA durations on soil properties and quality are limited. This study assessed the effects of CA practised for 2 (CA2), 4 (CA4), 8 (CA8), and 12 (CA12) years and conventional tillage (CT) on soil quality in the Nilokheri block of Haryana, India. The collected soil samples from 0–5 to 5–15 cm were analyzed for 22 different soil parameters, and a soil quality index (SQI) was developed using principal component analysis (PCA) for each scenario. The results showed that scenarios CA8 and CA12 had 9.8–10.7 and 11.1–11.3% lower bulk density, respectively, compared to CT. Mean weight diameter, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and water holding capacity were significantly higher in CA8 and CA12 over CT at both soil layers. Microbial biomass carbon and dehydrogenase activity increased by 32 and 42.7%, 14.9 and 32.3% in CA8 and CA12, respectively, over CT in the surface soil. Most of the chemical parameters were significantly influenced by CA, except for pH, electrical conductivity, and available Cu. Key soil quality indicators identified through PCA included Ks, WHC, β-glucosidase activity, dehydrogenase activity, available S, available Fe, and available Cu. The highest SQI was observed in CA12, followed by CA8 and CA4, and the lowest in CT at both depths. The derived regression coefficients revealed a strong positive relationship between SQI and both rice equivalent yield and wheat yield. This finding highlights the potential of enhancing soil quality to boost agricultural productivity under CA, thereby fostering sustainable farming. Such improvements are vital for building climate-resilient cropping and supporting the widespread adoption of CA practices. Therefore, it may be concluded that adopting CA for more than 8 years could help restore soil health and sustain productivity in the rice–wheat cropping system of northwest IGPs.

An Engineered Multivalent TMV Nanodisk Platform for Modulating Integrin Clustering and Cell Signaling

Abstract Clustering of cell‐surface receptors is essential for initiating signaling cascades and regulating cellular functions. Multivalent ligands with high receptor affinity offer powerful tools for manipulating these processes and advancing therapeutic strategies. However, designing easily modifiable, stable, and uniformly structured multivalent ligands remains a significant challenge. In this work, we present a novel protein‐based platform derived from modified tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) coat protein, which assembles into a stable, discoid scaffold capable of displaying up to 34 ligands with evenly distributed binding sites. By introducing the T103C modification, we achieve exceptional structural stability, allowing the platform to maintain integrity across a broad pH range (5–11) and during long‐term storage (up to 6 months). Using the integrin‐binding peptide SPPEPS as a model, we generate a multivalent TMV‐SPPEPS that exhibits a 453‐fold increase in integrin affinity over the monomeric peptide and can simultaneously cluster up to seven integrins. This multivalent platform promotes integrin clustering on cell surfaces, triggering mesenchymal stem cell chondrogenesis and effectively alleviating osteoarthritis in a rat model. These results highlight the potential of the TMV nanodisk as a versatile and stable platform for controlling receptor clustering and modulating intracellular signaling in diverse biomedical applications.

Da Vinci robotic assisted pyeloplasty versus laparoscopic pyeloplasty in newborns under 3 months

Abstract Ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) is a common cause of hydronephrosis in children. We aimed to investigate the efficacy of robotic-assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty (RALP) in newborns with UPJO compared to laparoscopic pyeloplasty (LP). We conducted a retrospective study of newborns aged ≤ 3 months who underwent RALP or LP from May 2018 to December 2023. Only primary pyeloplasty cases were included. Seventy-seven newborns (RALP = 46; LP = 31) were enrolled and no significant difference in the newborns’ demographics and pre-operative parameters was found. The mean operation time (OT) was 161.30 ± 29.07 min (RALP) and 200.60 ± 26.66 min (LP) (P &lt; 0.0001), and the mean hospitalization stay was 7.80 ± 1.13 days (RALP) and 9.32 ± 1.19 days (LP) (P &lt; 0.0001). RALP was associated with a higher hospitalization cost than LP (73449 ± 8513 yuan vs. 40152 ± 7555 yuan; P &lt; 0.0001). The effectiveness and safety of RALP for treating UPJO in newborns is comparable to that of LP. In addition, RALP might have advantages over LP with its faster recovery and less trauma.

Mn/TiO ₂ Catalysts for the High‐Yield Partial Oxidation of Methane with Molecular Oxygen to a Methyl Ester

Abstract We synthesize and evaluate a diverse range of Mn/TiO 2 catalysts with varying physical and redox properties for the methane‐to‐methyl‐ester reaction using molecular oxygen in a diluted acid medium (10 wt% trifluoroacetic acid). Despite initial differences in manganese distributions, nearly all catalysts are active under the reaction conditions, and the degree of activity is partially correlated to catalyst reducibility in hydrogen temperature programmed reduction and manganese K‐edge X‐ray absorption spectroscopy. Under methane‐limited conditions, exceptionally high product yields of up to ca. 30% are obtained. Catalysts synthesized with a co‐precipitation method demonstrate the highest productivity (up to 1440 µmol g cat −1 h −1 ) in methane‐excess conditions, and their full activity can be restored in a subsequent reaction cycle upon a mild thermal treatment. Under high conversion conditions, the co‐precipitated catalyst can achieve methane‐based product yields of ca. 15%. The performance of Mn/TiO 2 catalysts using molecular oxygen under less corrosive conditions surpasses that of other heterogeneous catalysts.

Effects of aging on the physicomechanical, antimicrobial, and cytotoxicity properties of flowable composite resin with strontium-modified phosphate-based glass

Larvicidal efficacy of silk sericin-capped silver nano bioinsecticides (SS-AgNBIs) against Aedes aegypti

Intracellular CO ₂ Capture Triggered Outperforming Biocatalytic Production of Selective Acetic Acid and Biohydrogen Housing in Porous‐Organic‐Nanofiber

Abstract The increasing concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) necessitates innovative biocatalytic strategies for its utilization in sustainable chemical production. This study introduces a novel electrofermentation (EF) platform integrating polycarbazole‐based porous organic polymer ( VJ‐POP )‐coated electrodes to enhance selective acetic acid (AA) biosynthesis by Bacillus subtilis . Impressive high surface area and tailored porosity facilitate efficient CO₂ capture, modulate intracellular metabolic fluxes, and improve electron transfer, thereby driving product specificity. In the bioreactor equipped with VJ‐POP , AA production reached 2.11 g L −1 with a yield of 0.48 g g −1 , achieving 71% of the theoretical maximum without genetic modifications. The process also resulted in enriched biohydrogen content (52%) in the biogas (H 2  + CO 2 ) composition, highlighting the synergistic effect of VJ‐POP on CO₂ sequestration and microbial metabolism. Gene expression analysis revealed significant upregulation of ackA (acetate kinase) and pdhA (pyruvate dehydrogenase), while buk (butyrate kinase) was downregulated, ensuring metabolic selectivity toward AA. Cyclic voltammetry and impedance analysis unambiguously confirmed an interesting phenomenon of enhanced electron transfer and reduced charge‐transfer resistance in VJ‐POP‐ assisted systems. Computational analysis using density functional theory (DFT) revealed stronger binding energy for CO 2 (−17.4 kJ mol −1 ) compared to H 2 (−2.5 kJ mol −1 ), driven by a mix of van der Waals and weak electrostatic interactions for CO 2 versus solely weak van der Waals‐based physisorption for H 2 . This pioneering approach with unique investigation results presents a scalable and sustainable biocatalytic framework for CO₂ valorization, bridging material science and microbial electrochemical systems for selective AA and enhanced biohydrogen production.

Unraveling global malaria incidence and mortality using machine learning and artificial intelligence–driven spatial analysis

Library of Stereoregular Polythioesters for Stereocomplex Formation Enabled by Isomerization‐Driven Cationic Ring‐Opening Polymerization

Abstract Supramolecular stereocomplexation is an important tool to advance sustainable polymers, and oxygen‐containing polymers represent the most widely studied materials for stereocomplexation. However, the sulfur‐containing analogues, a newly emerged class of sustainable polymers, remain essentially unexplored because of a significant challenge encountered in the synthesis of stereoregular polymers and relatively low supramolecular interaction. In this contribution, by the utilization of [Et 3 O] + [B(C 6 F 5 ) 4 ] − as a metal‐free cationic initiator, controlled isomerization‐driven ring‐opening polymerizations (IROPs) of nine examples of chiral five‐membered thionolactones have been achieved with free or suppressed racemization via unique monomer‐stabilized S N 2 propagation mechanism, which allows an unprecedented access to a library of new stereoregular polythioesters with high isotacticities (80.0%–99.5%). The investigations into structure–stereocomplexation relationship led to the disclosure of two new polythioester stereocomplexes with high melting temperatures (117.0–161.0 °C). The fundamental aspects of stereocomplex formation mechanism and critical factors that affect stereocomplexed ability have also been revealed.

Pirfenidone combined with UC-MSCs reversed bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis

Peptide‐Carbazolyl Cyanobenzene Conjugates: Enabling Biomolecule Functionalization via Photoredox and Energy Transfer Catalysis

Abstract Since their discovery in 2012, carbazolyl (iso)phthalonitrile (Cz(I)PN) derivatives have found significant applications as photocatalysts (PCs) in organic chemistry. Herein, we introduce two efficient methods for incorporating carbazolyl cyanobenzenes into various peptide sequences. The first method involves a photomediated decarboxylative functionalization of the C‐terminus of peptides, leading to the formation of various carbazolyl benzonitrile (CzBN) derivatives. The second method exploits a cysteine‐selective S N Ar reaction on a fluorinated arene precursor, resulting in novel peptide‐3CzIPN (triscarbazolyl‐isophthalonitrile) conjugates. Both types of conjugates maintain delayed fluorescence properties, exhibit similar or wider redox potential, and possess higher excited state energy when compared to currently used cyanoarenes. We demonstrated the photocatalytic activity of these conjugates first through a photo‐mediated peptide C‐terminal decarboxylative alkynylation. Then, water‐soluble peptide conjugates were used to catalyze a thiol‐ene reaction on cysteine in aqueous media. Finally, we achieved protein labeling via aryl azide excitation both in vitro and at the cellular level using peptide‐CzIPN conjugates. By incorporating a peptide ligand of the protein integrin α v β 3 , proximity‐driven labeling next to this target was realized by aryl azide excitation in living cells, showing an excellent overlap with antibody‐based imaging. These findings reveal the potential of cyanoarene‐peptide conjugates for proximity‐driven photochemistry in a complex biological context.

Quaternized‐PAF Architecture Mediated Proton Channels to Enhance Ultra‐Robust Operation for 200 °C Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Abstract In optimizing the trade‐off between power density and phosphoric acid (PA) retention in PA‐doped polybenzimidazole (PA‐PBI) membrane for improving performance of high‐temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HT‐PEMFCs), the self‐reinforcing network of interfacial interactions of the HT‐PEMs has to be deeply investigated. In this paper, a breakthrough strategy employing a quaternary ammonium (QA)‐functionalized porous aromatic framework (QPAF‐225) to synergistically integrate with sulfonated poly[2,2′‐(p‐oxydiphenylene)‐5,5′‐bibenzimidazole] (SOPBI) to form the robust HT‐PEM is successfully developed. The ionic interactions between the cationic QA moieties and anionic sulfonic acid groups can establish a self‐reinforcing proton‐conductive network, while the high‐density basic sites in QPAF‐225 act as the PA reservoirs and can mitigate the leakage. When benchmarked against QA‐deficient PAF‐225–10 (10% PAF‐225 in composite membrane) composite HT‐PEMs and pristine SOPBI, the QPAF‐225–10 composite delivers a high proton conductivity of 174 mS cm −1 at 200 °C and extremely high peak power density of 847 mW cm −2 of the HT‐PEMFC under ultralow Pt/C loading (0.3 mg cm −2 ) at 200 °C operation, which surpasses most of PA‐PBI systems reported in literatures. Critically, such a membrane exhibits ultralow voltage decay rate (0.04 mV h −1 over 904 h at 200 °C) and high PA retention ability, coupled with mechanical robustness exceeding industrial durability thresholds. This work transcends conventional additives by exploiting porous aromatic framework‐mediated proton channels and PA‐philic motifs, establishing a material paradigm for next‐generation HT‐PEMs that reconciles high‐power operation with long‐term stability in harsh electrochemical environments.