Browse Articles

Construction of a <i>De Novo</i> Nucleotide Biosynthesis Pathway in Artificial Cells for RNA Transcription

IRX3 controls a SUMOylation-dependent differentiation switch in adipocyte precursor cells

Abstract IRX3 is linked to predisposition to obesity through the FTO locus and is upregulated during early adipogenesis in risk-allele carriers, shifting adipocyte fate toward fat storage. However, how this elevated IRX3 expression influences later developmental stages remains unclear. Here we show that IRX3 regulates adipocyte fate by modulating epigenetic reprogramming. ChIP-sequencing in preadipocytes identifies over 300 IRX3 binding sites, predominantly at promoters of genes involved in SUMOylation and chromatin remodeling. IRX3 knockout alters expression of SUMO pathway genes, increases global SUMOylation, and inhibits PPARγ activity and adipogenesis. Pharmacological SUMOylation inhibition rescues these effects. IRX3 KO also reduces SUMO occupancy at Wnt-related genes, enhancing Wnt signaling and promoting osteogenic fate in 3D cultures. This fate switch is partially reversible by SUMOylation inhibition. We identify IRX3 as a key transcriptional regulator of epigenetic programs, acting upstream of SUMOylation to maintain mesenchymal identity and support adipogenesis while suppressing osteogenesis in mouse embryonic fibroblasts.

Saltations of cis-regulatory modules in Canidae and Hominidae

Abstract Dogs, which were segregated from wolves about thirty thousand years ago, show unique human-similar social-cognitive abilities. However, the genomic basis accounting for the phenotypic saltation between dog and wolf remains unclear. We performed a comparative analysis of genome-wide cis-regulatory element frequencies (CREF) for five canids: dog, dingo, red fox, dhole, and wolf, along with four hominids. For each species, genome-wide CREFs are organized into a matrix. The species-specific CREF matrix is stratified into multiple dual eigen-modules through robust singular value decomposition. Cross-species comparisons of dual eigen-modules demonstrated that the top three eigen-modules are highly conserved while the fourth and fifth ones underwent a saltation in dogs. The red fox is closest to the degenerate point characterizing the onset of saltation. Gene enrichment analysis and motif analysis revealed that myelination, long-term memory, and cochlear development are significantly enhanced at level four in both humans and dogs, but not in wolves. Cross-family comparisons revealed a more similar cognition-memory module between humans and dogs than between humans and chimpanzees. Not only the presence of cis-elements but also their frequencies are crucial for deciphering the regulatory saltations that characterize a striking convergent evolution of dogs and humans in proximal regulatory sequences.

Achieving Efficient Electrocatalytic CO₂-Involved N-Methylation on Cu–Ni–Al Heterostructured Catalysts

A light-resuming strategy as a screening method for selecting Sec61 inhibitors down-modulating PD-L1 expression

An intelligence technique for route distance minimization to store and marketize the crop using computational optimization algorithms

Highly efficient deep-blue LED devices made using hybrid copper–iodide compound

From Molecular Dynamics to the Conductivity of Sulfuric Acid: Ultrafast Optical Kerr Effect Experiments and Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations

HDL cholesterol as a mediator of the relationship between breastfeeding and coronary atherosclerosis from a two-step Mendelian randomization analysis

<i>Remote</i> -Markovnikov Hydrobromination and Hydrochlorination of Allyl Carboxylates via Dual Photoredox/Cobalt Catalysis

Revolutionizing clinical decision making through deep learning and topic modeling for pathway optimization

New hope for Alzheimer’s: lithium supplement reverses memory loss in mice

Facilitating Anodic Ammonia Oxidation over Trace Cobalt-Substituted Solid Solution of Platinum to Boost Direct Ammonia Fuel Cell up to 853.75 mW cm^–2

Confinement of charge carriers in gapped bilayer graphene within magnetic and electrostatic barriers

Local Cation-Ordered Superlattice Stabilizing Ni-Rich Single-Crystalline Cathodes

Bioprospecting of six polyphenol-rich Mediterranean wild edible plants reveals antioxidant, antibiofilm and bactericidal properties against Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus

BNB-Modified Perylene, Terrylene, and Quaterrylene Diimides: Introduction of the π-Accepting and Aggregation-Suppressing Diborinic Imide Group in Rylene Dyes

Alzheimer’s disease risk prediction using machine learning for survival analysis with a comorbidity-based approach

Uncovering the Pressure-Dependent Mechanism of CO₂ Hydrogenation to Methanol on Ga-Promoted Cu/ZrO₂ Using <i>Operando</i> Modulation-Excitation DRIFTS

Identifying ferroptosis-related genes in lung adenocarcinoma using random walk with restart in the PPI network