Browse Articles

Developing new machine-learning intelligent models to predict the excavation-tunnel displacements

Molecular insights of acarbose metabolization catalyzed by acarbose-preferred glucosidase

Assessing the impact of AI tools on mobility and daily assistance for children with down syndrome in Saudi Arabia

The role of C-O-H-F-Cl fluids in the making of Earth’s continental roots

Abstract The cratonic ‘roots’ of Earth’s major continents extend to depths of over 160 km and have remained stable for more than 2.5 billion years due to buoyant, refractory harzburgites formed by Archean mantle melting. However, mantle harzburgites from some global cratons (e.g., Kaapvaal, Siberia, Slave, Rae and Tanzania) show unusual orthopyroxene and silica enrichment, alongside titanium depletion, which cannot be explained by simple melting processes. The origins of the orthopyroxene-rich harzburgites are debated and include high-pressure melting residues, with komatiite melt interaction, or subduction-related silicic melts and fluids. To further investigate this we analysed volatile (H 2 O, F, Cl) contents in Kaapvaal craton peridotites. Orthopyroxene-rich harzburgites, including a diamond-bearing sample, show elevated volatile contents, suggesting infiltration by supercritical C-O-H fluids—rich in silica, fluorine and chlorine and depleted in Ti—fluxed from subducted oceanic lithosphere (carbonated pelites, eclogites and serpentinites). These findings highlight the role of C-O-H-F-Cl bearing fluids in shaping cratonic lithosphere and offer a new framework for understanding craton evolution, mantle metasomatism and diamond genesis in early Earth.

Clinical features, treatment and prognosis analysis of distant metastatic esophageal cancer

Ultra-stable low-coordinated PtSA/CeZrO2 ordered macroporous structure integrated industrial-scale monolithic catalysts for high-temperature oxidation

Abstract Platinum-group metals (Pt) commonly used in thermal catalytic processes often suffer from catalyst deactivation, such as Pt sintering, Pt overoxidation, and Pt loss under high-temperature conditions. To address these, we present a novel PtSA/CeZrO2 catalyst, featuring isolated Pt single atoms (PtSA) on a Ce0.8Zr0.2O2 support with an ordered macroporous (OM) structure. Firstly, Zr-stabilized dynamic low-coordinated PtSA releases more free d-electrons by reducing Pt-O bond occupation, thereby preserving peroxide activity at high temperatures and enhancing propane C–H activation. Additionally, the OM structure prevents Pt loss and reduces Pt loading to 0.4 gPt/L, compared with 0.9 gPt/L in commercial diesel oxidation catalysts. As a result, the PtSA/CeZrO2 maintains 92% conversion at 450 °C even after 50 h aging at 800 °C with 10 vol.% H2O. Finally, the catalyst is integrated into a 3.4-liter commercial cordierite monolith for developing and scaling robust catalytic converters.

Esculetin inhibits ferroptosis after ICH by promoting NUDT1-mediated m7G methylation modification of GPX4

Collaborative design of polarization and antiferrodistortion configurations in high energy capacitive relaxor ferroelectrics

Pesticide exposome reveals oxidative stress and immune response disruptions in occupationally exposed women with breast cancer

Harnessing artificial intelligence to identify Bufalin as a molecular glue degrader of estrogen receptor alpha

Respiratory tract infections at the Grand Magal de Touba: a seven-year study

Early lineage segregation of primary myotubes from secondary myotubes and adult muscle stem cells

Abstract Myogenesis in amniotes occurs in two waves. Primary myotubes express slow myosin (often with fast myosin) and likely act as scaffolds for secondary myotubes, which express only fast myosin. The embryonic origins and relationships of these lineages, and their connection to satellite cells, remain unknown. Here, we combine a TCF-LEF/β-catenin signaling reporter with precise in vivo electroporation in avian embryos to trace limb muscle progenitors from early migration to fetal stages. We identify two distinct progenitor populations that coexist from the onset: reporter-positive cells give rise exclusively to primary myotubes, while reporter-negative cells generate secondary myotubes and satellite cells. We also reveal a previously unrecognized role for TCF-LEF/β-catenin signaling in spatially organizing the primary lineage via Cxcr4-mediated control of myoblast migration. These findings redefine the developmental origin of myogenic lineages, resolve a longstanding question in muscle biology, and provide a molecular framework for investigating how muscle fiber diversity emerges and how distinct lineages contribute to the functional specialization of skeletal muscle.

Improving electrical resistivity tomography interpretation with Gray Level Co-Occurrence Matrix textural attributes

Coordinated regulation of pH alkalinization by two transcription factors promotes fungal commensalism and pathogenicity

Abstract As a clinically relevant opportunistic human fungal pathogen, Candida albicans is able to rapidly sense and adapt to changing microenvironments within the host, a process that is essential for its successful invasion and survival. Although studies have shown that the transcription factor Stp2 is the master regulator of environmental alkalinization, accumulating evidence supports a clear involvement of other participants in this adaptation process. Here, following a large-scale genetic screen, we identify the transcription factor Dal81 as an uncharacterized positive regulator of pH alkalinization in C. albicans. Dal81 influences the protein levels of Stp2. A mutant lacking DAL81 also fails to alkalinize both in vitro and in the phagolysosome, and this defective phenotype is further enhanced by deleting both factors in most cases. Notably, our results demonstrate that Dal81 physically interacts with Stp2 to co-regulate the expression of a broad set of downstream target genes related to metabolism of organic acids, oxoacids, carboxylic acids and amino acids. This coordinated regulation mode is required for the alkalinization process and plays a role in modulating commensalism and pathogenicity of C. albicans. Taken together, our findings elucidate the cooperative function of Dal81 with Stp2 in the nucleus to orchestrate the expression of downstream genes required for the survival and propagation of C. albicans in the host.

Delirium as a mediating factor in the survival benefits of dexmedetomidine in acute brain injury management

Changes in cellular composition shape the inductive properties of Hensen’s Node

A cyclic redundancy check aided encoding construction method for list sphere polar decoder

Dual-key cooperatively activated DNA regulator for controlling mitochondria-lysosome interactions

Assessment of volume and depth loss of incompletely set hydraulic calcium silicate cements used as root-end fillings in a simulated surgical model

A manganese(I) complex with a 190 ns metal-to-ligand charge transfer lifetime

Abstract Application of photoactive transition metal complexes in lighting, imaging, sensing, and photocatalysis is usually based on the triplet metal-to-ligand charge transfer ( 3 MLCT) excited state of precious metal complexes with 4/5d 6 valence electron configurations. These photocatalysts exhibit excited state lifetimes exceeding hundreds of nanoseconds. Simple 3d 6 transition metal complexes containing abundant metals exhibit lifetimes below 1–2 nanoseconds, and they require multistep ligand syntheses mitigating large-scale implementation. We report that a commercially available bis(imidazolium) pyridine pro-ligand [H 2 pbmi] 2+ and a manganese(II) salt yield the tetracarbene manganese(I) complex [Mn(pbmi) 2 ] + . This complex phosphoresces at room temperature in fluid solution from a 3 MLCT state with a lifetime of 190 ns. In combination with the reversible [Mn(pbmi) 2 ] 2+/+ process, this translates to an excited state capable of reducing benzophenone. Combination of manganese(I) with rigid carbene/pyridine ligands expands key strategies for photoactive 3d 6 metal complexes of earth-abundant metals with 3 MLCT lifetimes rivalling those of precious metals and providing a conceptual starting point for a sustainable photochemistry.