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Plant communities converge to resource-dependent transient states during succession on old fields
Abstract The community composition of plants during succession may follow trajectories driven by the resource-dependent coexistence of plant species. This predicts the convergence of trajectories to resource-dependent transient or stable states. Here, we report the analyses of yearly vegetation surveys between 1987 and 2022 from two pairs of experimental plots on which agricultural use ceased in 1986. On one plot of each pair, nutrients (N, P, K) were added in an amount similar to the Park Grass Experiment at Rothamsted. We found a decrease in species richness with ongoing secondary succession. After 15 years of succession, species richness levelled off and was ≈ 50% lower for surveys on the fertilised plots. An indicator species analysis found five species characterising the fertilised plots and almost 30 species characterising the non-fertilised plots. As expected, the mean N Ellenberg indicator values of the species typical for fertilised plots were higher (mean 6.3) than for those typical for non-fertilised plots (mean 4.4). Furthermore, the stable state was transient, as indicated by the increase in the distance of plots from their respective medians of the ordination scores after an additional 10-year period.
Infrared image super resolution with structure prior from uncooled infrared readout circuit
Occurrence and risk assessment of phthalate esters in the Torghabeh River, Northeastern Iran
Design and control of a permanent magnet-based robotic system for navigating tetherless magnetic devices in viscous environments
The effect of food packaging color on calorie estimation in virtual reality
Exploring the effect of canine cancer-associated fibroblasts on T cell dynamics through the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis modulated by TGF-β1
Abstract Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are key components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) that modulate T cell immunity by secreting humoral factors and forming structural barriers. CAFs secrete the chemokine C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12), which binds to C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) on T cells and induces chemotaxis. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), another humoral factor secreted by CAFs, has been reported to regulate the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis; however, a direct association between them has not been demonstrated in human medicine or veterinary medicine. This study investigated the role of canine CAFs in T cell migration through the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis and the regulatory influence of TGF-β1. CXCL12 and CXCR4 were expressed in the tumor stroma and on T cells, respectively, in dogs with epithelial malignant tumors. Canine CAFs secreted higher levels of CXCL12 and TGF-β1 than normal fibroblasts, and CAF-derived TGF-β1 modulated both CXCL12 secretion by CAFs and CXCR4 expression on T cells. Furthermore, canine CAFs induced T cell migration through the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis. These findings indicate that CAFs may influence T cell migration through the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis under the regulation of TGF-β1 signaling, highlighting their potential role in shaping T cell dynamics within the TME.
U.S. trust in physicians as key public health messengers during the H5N1 avian influenza outbreak
Visualizing dynamic tubulin folding in chaperonin TRiC from nonnative nucleus to final native state
Discovery of CRISPR-Cas12a clades using a large language model
The contribution of other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs) to protecting global biodiversity
SpaIM: single-cell spatial transcriptomics imputation via style transfer
Neural correlates of human fear conditioning and sources of variability in 2199 individuals
Shifts in precipitation regimes exacerbate global inequality in grassland nitrogen cycles
Modeling integration site data for safety assessment with MELISSA
Room-temperature methanol synthesis via CO2 hydrogenation catalyzed by cooperative molybdenum centres in covalent triazine frameworks
Discovery of an intermediate nematic state in a bilayer kagome metal ScV6Sn6
Abstract Nematicity, spontaneous breaking of rotational symmetry, is a ubiquitous phenomenon in correlated quantum matter. Here we show a phase transition in high-quality ScV6Sn6 bilayer kagome metal at a temperature $${T}^{*}$$ T * , occurring seven Kelvins below the charge density wave transition at $${T}_{{CDW}}$$ T C D W , as indicated by thermodynamic, transport, and optical measurements. This emerging intermediate phase does not exhibit spontaneous time-reversal-symmetry breaking, as evidenced by zero-field Sagnac interferometry. However, it displays a strong, spontaneous in-plane anisotropy between $${T}^{*}$$ T * and $${T}_{{CDW}}$$ T C D W , revealed by transport and optical polarization rotation measurements. A pronounced depolarization effect detected by the Sagnac interferometer further confirms its nematic nature. Unlike AV3Sb5, this phase, alongside the recently discovered intra-unit cell nematic order at lower temperatures, presents a diverse landscape of nematicities at multiple length and temperature scales. Our findings highlight ScV6Sn6 as a prime candidate for realizing symmetry-breaking phases driven by charge density competition, kagome physics, and Van Hove singularities.
SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses in children exhibit higher FcR engagement and avidity than in adults
One Health approach uncovers emergence and dynamics of Usutu and West Nile viruses in the Netherlands
Multi-omic identification of perineurial hyperplasia and lipid-associated nerve macrophages in human polyneuropathies
Abstract Diseases affecting multiple peripheral nerves, termed polyneuropathies (PNPs), are common, mechanistically heterogeneous, and their causes are challenging to identify. Here, we integrated single-nucleus transcriptomics of peripheral nerves from 33 human PNP patients and four controls (365,708 nuclei) with subcellular spatial transcriptomics. We identified nerve cell type markers and uncovered unexpected heterogeneity of perineurial cells. PNPs shared a loss of myelinating and an increase in repair Schwann cells and endoneurial lipid-phagocytizing macrophages. Transcriptional changes affected multiple cells outside of the endoneurium across PNPs, suggesting PNPs as ‘pan-nerve diseases’. Spatially, PNPs—particularly those mediated by autoimmunity—exhibited focal perineurial hyperplasia and increased expression of CXCL14 , identified as perineurial cell marker. Multi-omic characterization of human nerve biopsies thus identified novel mechanisms in PNPs with diagnostic potential.